Yesterday, I met a young man with a sad face on the road, holding a sign that read "Never apply for XX major". He let out a long sigh without realizing it, and suddenly heard someone chanting behind him:

In ten years, life and death are blurred, and those who communicate will definitely want to die. Analog and digital electricity, it will be even more miserable after learning. So what if I finish learning, now I have a signal and a clear magnetic field. I haven't written the report yet, so I got up quickly and worked all night. There is no girl, only a thousand lines of tears!

Look back and shout loudly, speak human words!

Donors, don’t apply for communications engineering!

What exactly does the communications engineering major do?

I went to school for four years, and until the day I graduated, I didn’t figure out what I wanted to do after graduation. Complaints about the profession actually project uncertainty about the future caused by lack of understanding of the industry. Therefore, it is very important to figure out the direction of communication engineering major.

I was fortunate enough to find an article (author: Ray Lu) on Zhihu. It was comprehensive, thorough, relevant and interesting, and I couldn’t help but recommend it to everyone.

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The plane was delayed. I saw this problem when I landed and waited for the taxi. It is now three o'clock in the morning and I am ready to go. A hotel, meeting with Party A at nine o'clock.

Let me introduce myself first. I graduated from 211, and should be in 985 now. If I am not a graduate of Beijing Post, South Post, X Post, or EE, I and my family leaders can all be considered communications and information systems majors.

If we talk about the employment in this major, most of them are in the communications industry, the Internet industry, and other industries, such as electricity and banking. These industries also have IT systems and networks, so some people will go there. ICBC R&D hired a lot of people that year. There are also things like starting a business.

If we narrow it down to the communications industry, there are actually not only three roles: operators, design institutes, and equipment manufacturers. From my point of view, it can be divided into three major parts: operators, manufacturers and engineering-related units. Regarding engineering-related units, you can look for a company called China Communications Services Co., Ltd., referred to as China Communications Services, a Hong Kong listed company. It was originally composed of communications-related companies in the telecommunications industry, including engineering companies, design institutes, supervision, and application A series of units such as developers, bidding agents, integrators, and construction teams each play a role in planning consultation, engineering construction, and operation and maintenance guarantees. In addition to China Communications Services, there are other companies doing the same type of work.

Go to the hotel and write down the operator and manufacturer when you have time.

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Let’s talk about operators, in addition to manpower , In addition to financial functional departments, operators are divided into front-end and back-end. The front-end is close to the market. The operator's market includes individuals, as well as government and enterprise markets. The latter is actually not small in size, but it is not as eye-catching as the former. The back-end includes planning, construction, operation and maintenance departments. Different operators have different names, but they can generally be divided into these parts. If graduates of communication engineering go to an operator, most of them will be in the back-end, and some will be in the front-end. Some may even have unique talents or destiny. Procurement of these departments is also not surprising at all.

Planning and construction are mainly related to engineering, including network and system planning, actual construction, project management, etc., with manufacturers and supporting units, such as design institutes, supervision, construction teams, and integrators. Ah, there will be more dealings. To put it bluntly, most of the actual construction of operators relies on application developers, integrators, and support units, and not many actually do it themselves. Operation and maintenance can also be subdivided into operation, operation and maintenance, and monitoring. According to my family leader, engineering construction is giving birth to a child. After giving birth, the child is patted and left. Raising the child later is a matter of operation and maintenance, so operation and maintenance Wei cares very much about project quality. Operations and maintenance is a very simple department. If nothing happens, it is a good thing. If something happens, you have to handle it and recover quickly. Unfortunately, my leader is just an operation and maintenance soldier. Every time he picks up the duty phone, he is always on tenterhooks. Who is not afraid of the ominous ringtone at midnight? It is really hard to ensure the key points during the New Year and the holidays. Some of the operator's maintenance is outsourced, and some is done in-house. Personally, I think cost considerations are the main factor. After all, sometimes it is more difficult to add someone than to rent someone. What's worse than operation and maintenance is monitoring. There must be three shifts of monitoring. As soon as you find something abnormal, call the operation and maintenance. If your xx is down again, hurry up and report it to the police if the problem is not resolved by the time. You guys? The department is out of luck. In addition to these departments, there are also research institutions, and several operators have them. China Telecom is called the research institute, China Mobile is called Beijing Mobile, and China Unicom is probably the former ministry. The institute mainly does technology tracking, pre-research, testing, specification formulation, etc. The results will be converted into actual systems on the existing network, and there is a lot of cooperation with manufacturers.

Of course, this is from the perspective of role. In fact, it can also be divided into majors. Generally speaking, technical lines can be divided into two major categories: data and wireless. The former includes IP majors, IT support systems, business networks, transmission, access, core, etc., while the latter includes network optimization, wireless access, etc.

Let’s talk about the manufacturer. In fact, manufacturers are not monolithic. They also have many departments, including R&D and sales. Different characters have very different styles. Moreover, manufacturers have different sales and even different product lines for different markets, and the communications industry is just one of them.

Manufacturer departments related to the communications industry, including equipment manufacturing, application development, integration, sales, maintenance, consulting, etc., such as Huawei, have all these businesses. Basically, I have dealt with them all, and the work pressure is different. Of course, the salary Nothing is different.

Finally, let’s talk about the process.

One day the operator said that I think egg fried rice is delicious, let’s sell egg fried rice. The research institute said that we have studied it and found that there are N ways to stir-fry egg fried rice. Among them, this one is the most delicious. Let’s sell this one. The operator agreed to start the project and sent a construction unit to work on it. At the same time, someone from the engineering management unit was watching. First of all, find a design institute to study whether selling this kind of egg fried rice is feasible, whether it is technically easy to do, and whether it will lose money. The design institute communicated with several egg fried rice manufacturers, learned about the fried rice plan, calculated the cost, and said that this matter can be solved without losing money anyway, and at the same time came up with a plan. The purchasing department intervened, took a look and said, no, we can't buy other people's egg fried rice directly. We need to buy eggs and rice, and then find a master to fry them. Then we will separately invite bids. After buying the things, the master has also been found, and the design After the hospital designs the stove plan based on the master's habits, the master can start frying. At this time, another person jumped out and said, Master, you can't open the furnace directly, you don't have construction qualifications. Okay, here comes another construction team to start the furnace. After he turns on the fire, the master can fire it, right? At this time, another person jumped out and said, I think this egg fried rice is very complicated, and someone should keep an eye on it. As a supervisor, I will supervise it, so don't worry and leave it to me. Finally, the master started frying, and after finishing frying, everyone tasted it. It was delicious. After checking, the cost was not exceeded, and the acceptance was passed. The young man who operates it will leave it to you to sell it, and then continue to speculate according to the master's method. Remember to collect money on the front end. The little girl who was monitoring the situation was watching not to let the fire go out. If the pot was broken, if anything happened, she would ask the operation and maintenance guy to fix it. If he couldn't do it, he would ask the manufacturer to come over and fix it. Everyone went out to drink tea.

Does this process look very formal and serious? But does fried rice have to be done this way? Let’s see what the Internet provider did. There was a product manager who thought the egg fried rice was delicious, reported it to his boss, approved it, and got a few people to work for him. I cooked it for a while and fried it. It didn’t taste very good. Not many people bought it. It’s okay. Let’s change it! Everything is my own, and it is easy to modify. After several rounds of modifications, more and more people bought it, and this fried rice became a success.

That’s basically it.