1. What should the elderly in bed eat?
1 reasonable diet. The diet of long-term bedridden elderly people should be low in fat and cholesterol, light and easy to digest, and the calorie should be 1000 ~ 1500 kcal/day. The staple food should be divided into 5 ~ 6 meals a day, and it is not advisable to be too full. The staple food should be thick and thin, and the menu is mainly fish, bean products, vegetables and black fungus. Eat some fruit between meals. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the daily intake of water (the intake of water is 65,438+0,000 ~ 65,438+500ml), because water can be used as a lubricant, and dietary fiber can fully absorb the water in the intestine to make the feces swell and soften, increase the volume and weight of the feces, and stimulate the intestinal peristalsis, thus achieving the purpose of smooth defecation. High fiber diet is one of the important factors to make intestinal function normal. After the fiber absorbs water, it increases the amount of feces, stimulates the rectal wall receptors, and produces defecation and defecation reflex.
2 according to the condition, according to the patient's physique and the nature of the disease to guide the diet. Obese people have a strong appetite and can eat more cellulose-rich vegetables such as celery, leeks and bamboo shoots, while thin people should eat more foods with high starch content. Chronic gastritis, enteritis, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and other patients. Should eat nutritious, soft, rotten, warm and digestible food, avoid cold, fried and hard food; Lung diseases with cough and expectoration as the main symptoms should eat light vegetarian food and fruits. Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are mainly light vegetarians, and avoid eating animal fat, viscera, brain tissue, sprinkling, cigarettes, strong tea and coffee. And should eat less and eat more meals, not too full, defecate on time to prevent constipation; Patients with hepatobiliary diseases such as chronic hepatitis, hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke and epilepsy should eat light vegetables and nutritious lean meat, chicken and fish. For patients with kidney disease, we should eat more nutritious and various animal tonics and avoid too much salt and alkali.
Don't eat meat and fishy food. Studies have shown that the elderly who eat meat and greasy food for a long time are prone to hypertension, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. High-fat diet can increase bile acids and primary bile acids in bile, which are transformed into deoxycholic acid and cholic acid respectively under the action of intestinal anaerobic bacteria, both of which are carcinogens. In addition, most carcinogens are fat-soluble substances, and high-fat diet may dissolve or contain more chemical carcinogens. In addition, the high-fat diet contains less plant cellulose, which can promote intestinal peristalsis and slow defecation, thus prolonging the toxic effect of exogenous and endogenous carcinogens on intestinal wall. If you eat too much fat, there is a risk of intestinal cancer and breast cancer. Old people should avoid eating big meat in their diet, especially limit the viscera and egg yolk of animals rich in high cholesterol, eat more vegetables and fruits, give priority to vegetarianism, and eat fish and dairy products appropriately to obtain high-quality nutrients such as protein, vitamins and cellulose.
Second, how should the elderly in bed care?
1. TCM therapy:
Treatment: Yiqi Tongluo, nourishing blood and moistening skin.
Prescription: Radix Astragali 15g, Radix Codonopsis 15g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g, Caulis Spatholobi 15g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 5g, Flos Carthami 10g, and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g. If the meat is rotten and suppurated, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Radix Platycodi can be added to detoxify and expel pus; If the meat is not rotten, you can add fried turtle shell and fried spina gleditsiae.
Prescription: Bazhen Pill and Ginseng Yang Rong Pill can be taken.
2. Local treatment
(1) For patients with local redness and swelling, they can be coated with Arnebia oil or thinly coated with purple detumescence ointment.
(2) In the early stage of ulceration, if the wound surface is shallow, Huadu San ointment or Zi Xiaozhong ointment should be used externally.
(3) For those who form wounds, the method of festering and promoting granulation in traditional Chinese medicine should be applied:
① If there is necrosis (carrion) on the wound surface, and the inflammation is still spreading, and the boundary between necrotic tissue and healthy skin is unclear, it is appropriate to use Zijuchuang ointment and Huadu powder ointment in equal amount and mix them evenly for external use.
② When the necrotic tissue (carrion) has reached the muscle or formed a sinus, it should be bandaged with red blood medicine, dipped in Zichuang ointment and inserted into the wound surface, and covered with Huadu powder ointment.
③ When the boundary between necrotic tissue and normal skin is clear, and it begins to fall off, it is appropriate to apply Zichuang ointment, Huadu powder ointment and Gan ointment in equal amount, and mix them evenly for external application.
④ When necrotic tissue has fallen off and new granulation begins to grow on the wound surface, 80g of Gangao and 20g of Zijuchuang ointment are applied externally.
⑤ When the newborn granulation grows well and epithelium has grown on the edge of the wound, it is advisable to spread pearls thinly on the wound and then cover it with gauze strips made of glycerin cream.
⑥ During medication, when eczema-like changes appear around the sore surface, Qushi Powder and licorice oil can be applied.
3. What is the massage method for the elderly in bed?
1, rubbing method
Family members rub and massage each group of muscles with their hands from patients' buttocks down to thighs until they are hot and red, which can relax thigh muscles, promote blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis, and relax muscles. You can also massage your arms in the same way. Avoid muscle atrophy caused by staying in bed for a long time.
2. Tension vibration method
Family members hold the patient's ankle with both hands, gently pull it, and then shake it up and down. The number of shaking numbers is not too strict. When patients feel comfortable, they can shake them for about 10 minutes, then they can hold the patient's hand with both hands and shake them in the same way. This can relax joints and improve the stiffness of muscle joints.
3, joint activity massage
Hold the patient's ankle with one hand and the knee with the other, then bend the knee as much as possible, and then straighten it extremely. Repeat the operation for about 3-4 times on each foot. Then some large-scale operations are performed on other joint parts such as arms and feet to avoid joint tissue adhesion caused by long-term bed rest and lack of exercise and restore joint mobility.
Fourth, the diseases that bedridden elderly people should prevent.
1, prevention of bedsore. Beds for the elderly should be kept soft, clean, dry and free of sundries. Help the elderly turn over once every 2-3 hours, and protect the stressed skin twice a day. You can dip your hands in 50% alcohol or deep talcum powder and massage in circles locally. Move gently to prevent skin damage. The source of the carina should be padded with balloons. Those who have formed bedsores should treat the sore surface in time to prevent the development of bedsores.
2. Prevent falling pneumonia. Keep the air in the old people's room fresh, do a good job of air disinfection, guide the old people to take a deep breath and cough actively, and pat the old people's back to promote sputum discharge, and often change the old people's lying position according to their illness. Actively treat upper respiratory tract infection, ensure the intake of nutrients and water, so as to enhance the body's resistance and prevent phlegm. If possible, you can do ultrasonic atomization inhalation of antibiotics to achieve the purpose of diminishing inflammation and diluting sputum.
3. Prevent venous thrombosis. Venous thrombosis is prone to occur for a long time, especially in both lower limbs. Old people should massage their limbs muscles and joints twice a day to promote blood circulation. At the same time, encourage the elderly to do more independent exercise, pay attention to observe the peripheral blood circulation, find abnormalities, and deal with them in time.
4. Prevent urinary tract infection. Keep enough water for the elderly, keep underwear clean and dry, scrub perineum with warm water every night, and guide the elderly to develop the habit of defecation regularly. Those who need urethral catheterization should strictly implement the principle of aseptic technique operation, pay attention to observe whether the elderly have frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, fever and other symptoms, and apply antibiotics according to the doctor's advice in time if any abnormality is found.
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