? ① You must know 23 initials, 24 finals and 16 whole syllables.

? (2) Accurately read out light tones and syllables.

? (3) Can write uppercase and lowercase letters in sequence, and can use word order search method to look up the dictionary.

? ④ Be able to spell syllables accurately and skillfully, and read and learn Mandarin with Chinese Pinyin.

? ⑤ Understand the usage of capital letters.

alphabet

A a B b C c D d E e F f G g

H h I i J j K k L l M m N n

O o P p Q q R r S s T t

U u V v W w X x Y y Z z

Initial consonant table

BP

China Daily

zh ch sh r z o s

General understanding: knowledge, delay, time, day, son, word and thought.

Yi, Wu, Yu, Ye, Yue, Yin, Yun, Ying and Yuan

The first letter of Chinese Pinyin is sometimes capitalized, which can be summarized as follows:

1. Chinese name. Capitalize the first letter of last name and first name. For example, Zhang Hui, Z and H should be capitalized. When surnames are combined with positions, titles, etc. The first letter at the beginning of the surname should be capitalized and the rest should be lowercase. For example, (Miss Wang) w should be capitalized. However, titles such as "old", "small", "big" and "a" should also be capitalized at the beginning. For example, Xiao Liu's x and l should be capitalized.

2. The initials of Chinese place names and proper nouns (such as book titles, institutions, groups, etc.). ) be capitalized. For example, Bei jing (Beijing) B should be capitalized, Shang hai (Shanghai) S should be capitalized, and Ning bo (Ningbo) N should be capitalized. If proper nouns are phrases, they should be written word by word, and the first letter of each word should be capitalized. For example, People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC), the first letter Z of China, the first letter R of the people and the first letter G of the Republic should all be capitalized.

3. The first letter at the beginning of each whole sentence should be capitalized; If it is poetry, the first letter at the beginning of each line should also be capitalized.

The names of trademarks and shops are generally capitalized.

Knowledge points of Chinese characters

? ① Know about 3,000 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 2,500 can write. Correct pronunciation, font recognition, understanding of word meaning, correct understanding and use in reading and writing.

? (2) Being able to distinguish the learned polyphonic characters, homophones, variant characters and pictophonetic characters; Correct the typo.

? (3) Proficient in using three dictionary search methods and being able to define words.

? (4) Can write with a pen, the writing speed is not less than 20 words per minute, and the handwriting is neat. Stick with a brush, the structure is symmetrical and the paper is clean.

? The following words have many meanings. What do they mean in different words? Please fill in the numbers in the brackets.

? Looking at A from a distance, looking forward to B, hoping that C will visit D's fame.

? Be overjoyed and respected

? Full A is full, reaching the extreme of capacity, B makes full C reach a certain period, and D makes all E satisfy F pride.

? You don't care () the scene is full () you are satisfied ()

Word knowledge point

? (1) can read and write commonly used words correctly, understand their meanings in context, and most of them will use them.

? ② Being able to distinguish synonyms and use them correctly in a certain language environment.

? ③ Words can be logically classified according to certain requirements.

? Make up a group of words with the word "Yan" and fill in the brackets in the following paragraph appropriately.

? Teacher Wang cares and loves us very much. He always criticizes and educates students who make mistakes patiently and never blames them. He often teaches us to be () strict with ourselves, to be () serious about our study, and to stand the test of () at critical moments.

? Fill in the words, and then write the serial number according to the classification requirements.

? A current () is urgent, B hand is busy () C five colors ()

? D eyes () are quick, e lustful () f surge of emotion surge ()

? G Wucai () H Shan () Ling I Microwave ()

? Indicates water flow: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

? Color: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

? Representative litigation: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Sentence knowledge point

? (1) can correctly understand the meaning of the sentence.

? ② Master several common rhetorical devices.

? (3) Distinguish the trunk and branch of a sentence from the perceptual point of view through abbreviation exercises; Write sentences more concretely and vividly through sentence expansion exercises.

? (4) Can use common words and related words to make sentences, so that the words are orderly and the meaning is complete.

? (5) Common ill sentences will be modified.

? ⑥ Master the transformation of several common sentence patterns.

Sentence changes include:

? ① Interchange of "Ba" sentence, "Bei" sentence and declarative sentence.

? ② Interchange of declarative sentences, rhetorical questions and exclamatory sentences.

? ③ Direct quotation and indirect narrative interchange.

? ④ The exchange of affirmative sentences and double negatives.

? ⑤ Combine sentences with related meanings.

? 6. Change the order of the words in the sentence.

? If ... just ... though ... also ...

? It will rain tomorrow, but the activity of crossing the river will still be held.

? It will rain tomorrow, so the mountaineering will be rescheduled.

? Just ... just ... just ... just. ...

? () Make a phone call and the maintenance department () will send someone to repair it.

? I can't solve such a big problem () Ask the maintenance department to send someone to the door. () can be repaired.

Punctuation knowledge point

? ① Comprehensive use of common punctuation marks: period, question mark, comma, pause, colon, quotation mark and exclamation point.

? ② Know the semicolon.

? ③ Understand the different usages and meanings of ellipsis and dash according to the specific context.

According to legend, when it rained, Xu Wenchang went to a friend's house. The host wrote a note to play a joke on him. It says, "Stay with me in rainy days." That's not how he reads it. What he read is the exact opposite of what he read. Do you know how he reads it?

"If it rains, will I stay? Stay. "

"If it rains, I will stay in the daytime, and I will stay in the daytime?"

"If it rains, stay for a day and leave me?"

"Stay on a rainy day and leave me? Don't stay! "

"Rainy day, stay for a day, leave me? Don't stay! "

Word accumulation knowledge points

? (1) systematically review the words required to be mastered in the compulsory textbooks, and review and remember the words that students are easy to make mistakes and confuse again.

? ② Master common idioms, proverbs and two-part allegorical sayings.

? ③ Understand the rules of word formation, understand the characteristics of all kinds of words, and classify words.

The forms of overlap are:

? AABB style is clean and tidy.

? ABAB discussion, discussion, discussion

? ABAC-style power and influence

? AABC-style reluctant to go.

? ABB style is quiet and soft.

? Imitate the structure of words and write the words as follows:

? What-how-what-how: top-heavy and serious.

? (2) What-How: weakness of hands and feet, weakness of limbs.

? ③ Four things are in parallel: heaven, earth, mountains, rivers, flowers and animals.

? ④ Two related actions are connected: knocking, hitting, pushing and squeezing.

? 5 words composed of antonyms: it is unintentional to pay attention to one thing and lose another.

? ⑥ Reach a deepened state: hot-(scalding) hot-(fiery).

? ⑦ Something-the color of this thing: Varan pear yellow.

? 8 color overlap: red and green.

? Nine words consisting of two antonyms: ups and downs.

? Attending a word consisting of two synonyms: blooming and withering.

? Use the modify symbol to modify the typos in the following recipes.

Cold basin: roast mule crab lake with beans, stewed buds, bamboo shoots and mud.

Hot dishes: stir-fried shrimp, stir-fried peas, grapes, stuffed chicken, sliced pork and bone.

Dim sum: Indian fat rice with eight treasures.

Fruit: pineapple in syrup.

Classification of ancient poems:

? According to the author, for example, Li Bai's poems include Thoughts on a Quiet Night, Looking at the Lushan Waterfall, and A Gift to Wang Lun.

? Wang Wei's poetry collections include Chai Lu, Xi on the Twenty Shores of Yuan, and so on.

? Du Fu's poems include Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night and Watching Flowers Alone by the River.

By content:

? Among the scenery of the four seasons, there are four descriptions of spring: wind, willow-chanting, Xiao Chun, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, the evening scenery of Hui Chong riverside, spring day, gardens not worth visiting, farewell to ancient grass, quatrains and so on.

? Rural scenery: Jiangnan, cottages, ponds, ponds, children's fishing, four seasons of rural miscellaneous scenery, watching, singing geese, remembering Jiangnan, Mr. Yin's book lake wall, and April in the country.

? Wonders of mountains and rivers: looking at Lushan Waterfall, looking at Tianmen Mountain, looking for flowers alone, hiking, Langtaosha, Chilean songs, Xilin Wall, Wangdongting.

? Frontier fortress bonfire: Liangzhou Ci (two songs), Chusai Hequ

? Deep homesickness: thinking of a quiet night, a night-mooring near maple bridge, the song of a wanderer, thinking of Shandong brothers in a mountain holiday, boarding in Guazhou, arriving in Baidicheng early and being clear.

? Farewell: Say goodbye to Xin Qiji at Furong Inn, send Yuan 20 An Xi, send Wang Lun, and bid farewell to Meng Haoran on his way to Yangzhou. Don't be overjoyed.

? Life perception: Jiangxuelu Bird Mountain Zhuangle Garden Scenic Area, fishing songs, bamboo stones, lime poems, summer quatrains, mumei, bees, last words.

? Worrying about the country and people: Lin 'an mansion, compassion for farmers (two poems), spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, fishermen on the river, the feeling of leaving the fence gate at dawn in autumn night, Ji Hai's miscellaneous poems, and Xiuer.

? Children are lively, lovely and innocent, and often become the writing objects of poets. Many ancient poems we have read are about ancient children. For example, "When I asked your student under a pine tree", he replied, "My teacher went to collect medicine" (this is an absent note), which is about a teenager and his teacher living in seclusion in the mountains. How many poems can you write about the life of ancient children? Write the title of the poem silently on the horizontal line below.

? The moon is beautiful and holy, giving people infinite reverie. Many poets in ancient China wrote about the moon. Please choose a poem with the word "moon" from the ancient poems you have read and write it down from memory.

? 1, title () by ()

? 2. Title () Author ()

? 3. Title () Author ()

? After reading the article "It rains in Mao Mao", can you describe your feelings with the ancient poems you have learned?

? Our grass, in that slender and weak body, contains how powerful vitality! No wonder ancient poets wrote poems chanting grass:

? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, after thousands of years, is still exciting to read.

? Connect the following famous old sayings with proverbs and words with similar meanings.

? The big wall is broken. practice makes perfect

? Not expensive, but heavy. If a small hole is not filled, the consequences will be serious-a small leak will sink a big ship; A stitch in time saves time.

? Know the sound after practicing a thousand songs, and know the instrument after watching a thousand swords. Time is money.

? The teacher asked you to choose famous sayings or poems to decorate the walls of the classroom. What would you choose: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

For example: ① Idioms indicating "high concentration":

Focus, focus, focus, stare.

(2) the famous saying of "modesty":

Full loss, little gain. -"book. Dayu Mo "

Humility is based on strength, and arrogance is based on incompetence. -[Germany] Nitz

Modesty is the conscience of the body. -[France] Balzac

The less you talk about your greatness, the more I think about your greatness. -[British] Bacon

(3) Proverbs describing "accumulation":

Thousands of small rivers become big rivers; A fast fire is not as slow as the sun; Gather dust on Mount Tai; Swallows hold mud nests.

(4) Ancient poems describing "spring scenery":

Du Fu's Seeking Flowers Alone by the Riverside, Ye Shaoweng's Not Worth Visiting the Garden, He's Singing Willow and Yang Wanli's New Town Xugong Store.

⑤ Ancient poems describing "parting":

Li Bai's Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from the Yellow Crane Tower, Li Bai's Gift to Wang Lun, Gao Shi's Don't Move Big, and Wang Changling's Farewell to Xin Jian in Furong Inn.

2. Guide students to correctly call accumulation.

Teachers purposefully create situations and design some learning activities to awaken students' accumulation and let students use it correctly. For example:

(1) Post "Ancient Poems" on the flowers and trees in the school.

(2) Design slogans for the following places.

School dining room, gymnasium, reading room ...

(3) Consolidate practice.

1. Carry out comprehensive Chinese learning activities, including: idioms solitaire, two-part allegorical sayings, reading ancient poems, commenting on famous sayings and aphorisms, etc.

2. Write as required.

(1) Write idioms that start with "one", "hundred", "thousand", "sea", "nothing" and "yes".

(2) Write an idiom that means "the integrity of revolutionary martyrs".

(3) Write an idiom which means "Time flies".

(4) Write two famous sayings about "reading is beneficial".

(5) Write two ancient poems expressing patriotic enthusiasm.

(6) Write two ancient poems describing "autumn scenery".

(7) Write two ancient poems describing "friendship".

(8) Write two famous sayings about "cherishing time".

(9) Write two sentences of "agricultural proverbs".

(10) Write two proverbs reflecting "climate".

3. Design slogans for the following places. You can use appropriate famous sayings or create your own.

(1) School Garden:

(2) Music classroom:

(3) Laboratory:

(4) school canteen:

(5) Gymnasium:

(6) book reading room:

Practice knowledge points

? (1) can write a simple narrative according to a topic.

? (2) Be able to write various practical articles as required.

? (3) the content is specific, the feelings are true, the sentences are fluent, there is a certain order, the handwriting is neat, pay attention to not writing typos, use common punctuation marks, and have a certain speech speed.

? (4) Get into the habit of thinking clearly before writing and revising carefully after writing.

Difficulties and countermeasures

? (1) Learn to examine questions.

? (2) Pay attention to material selection. The basic requirements are: ① close to the center; ② Appropriate details; 3 strive for new ideas; 4 full of true feelings.

? (3) Pay attention to the beginning, end and transition of the article.

? (4) The main types of materials are enlargement, abbreviation, rewriting and continuation.

? (5) Practical writing should master different writing methods and formats.

? (6) Pay attention to cultivate students' good habits of caring about current events and knowing what is happening around them.

? Since the first SARS case was discovered in Guangdong, SARS has entered our life. Here, let's talk about the extraordinary measures during the SARS period, which are very experienced and very experienced. Then I asked to write a notice "Extraordinary Measures in SARS Period" and an essay "Extraordinary Experience in SARS Period".

? According to the materials provided, design a dialogue scene for Xiaoming's family. Requirements: highlight the different views of the characters on the problem; Pay attention to punctuation, and accurately use three different position states of "×× Shuo".

? According to the arrangement of Hangzhou Education Bureau, starting from this year, Hangzhou will change the traditional two-semester holidays to four-semester holidays, and implement spring break, summer break, autumn break and winter break. Spring break is two weeks before and after May Day. The summer vacation lasts from mid-July to the end of August; Autumn vacation time is165438+1the first week of October; The winter vacation lasts about three weeks, that is, five days before Lunar New Year's Eve and 15 days after it. After seeing this report, Mom, Dad and Xiao Ming talked about it in succession: