The first thing; Ensure 4 ~ 6 bottles of water every day, drink plenty of water, drink plenty of water, drink plenty of water. Reducing the supersaturation of urinary calculi is the key. It is suggested that the daily liquid intake should be above 3L (equivalent to 6 bottles of mineral water) and the daily urine output should be above 2.0—2.5L; However, patients with cystine stones should keep their daily urine output above 3L.
The second thing; Scientific diet, choose food according to different stone components.
1. Calcium oxalate calculus (80% patients): Eat less beets, chocolate, coffee, cola, nuts, coriander, peanuts, rhubarb, spinach, strawberries, tea, amaranth, pickles, water spinach, Toona sinensis, adzuki beans, sesame paste and so on. Reduce the intake of vitamin C and eat less foods with high vitamin C content such as tomatoes and strawberries.
2. Uric acid stones (10% patients): restrict purine foods and do not drink alcohol.
Patients with uric acid stones should limit the intake of protein, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and avoid excessive consumption of purine-rich foods, such as animal viscera, poultry skins, mushrooms, crustaceans, lentils, anchovies, sardines, fish eggs, black tea, coffee, etc. And avoid eating seafood such as sea cucumber, marine fish, kelp and laver. "Patients with uric acid stones should not drink alcohol, because drinking alcohol will increase uric acid levels, which will easily lead to urine concentration and stones." The diet of patients with uric acid stones should be mainly flour and rice, vegetables and fruits can be eaten at will, and eggs and milk can be properly ingested. Patients with calcium oxalate stones and hyperuricemia should also avoid high purine diet. Do not stew for more than 2 hours.
3. Infectious stones (5% of patients): A diet with low calcium and phosphorus should be adopted.
Infectious stones are caused by the presence of urease-producing bacteria in urine, which form crystal components such as apatite carbonate, magnesium ammonium phosphate and ammonium urate. Patients with infectious stones should take a low-calcium and low-phosphorus diet, eat acidic food and reduce the intake of dairy products, lemon juice and cola containing phosphate while strengthening the control of infection. Low-phosphorus foods mainly include lotus root starch, vermicelli, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, egg white, celery, tomatoes and so on.
4. Cystine stones (5% of patients): vegetarian, eat more citrus or juice.
Cystine calculus is caused by congenital cystinuria, which is usually an autosomal recessive genetic disease. At present, there is a lack of specific drugs to prevent cystine stones. Patients with cystine stones can eat more citrus or fruit juice to make the urine neutral or alkaline. It is best to be a vegetarian and avoid eating a large amount of high methionine diet, such as eggs, fish, meat and poultry.
The third thing; Drug prevention
As for the tertiary prevention of patients with urinary calculi, it is mainly to consult a doctor for drug prevention, mainly through drug adjustment of urine PH, blood uric acid, urine citrate and other concentrations, diuretic, antibacterial and so on. "This only needs to follow the doctor's advice."