You can go to the supermarket to see the names and looks of vegetables. They all have names and looks. You can basically get to know them by walking around. If you buy a recipe, you can go to the supermarket to find out what you need by name. If you can't ask the tallyman, you can pretend not to see it. I've been a chef for a month, and I basically know all the common ones. The xx on the menu was broken, and the last xx was chopped. There are many more. Just find a basic cooking manual or menu.