Prosperous sui dynasty

Exercise the brain.

1. Think about it, why did Yang Di open the Grand Canal running through the north and south?

Ideas: ① During the reign of Emperor Wendi for more than 20 years, the country was well governed and there was a scene of economic prosperity, which made Yang Di have the economic strength to open the Grand Canal. The unification of the Sui Dynasty made it possible for Yang Di to recruit millions of people. (3) Based on several ancient canals dug by the previous generation.

2. The ancients commented on the Grand Canal and said: "The world turns to water, and this canal is lifted." Can you tell what this sentence means? Think again, why was it important to transport grain by water in ancient China?

The meaning of this sentence is that the national grain transportation depends entirely on the Grand Canal.

In ancient China, when there were no means of transportation such as railways and automobiles, the land transportation of grain could only rely on vehicles and horses, and on manpower and animal power. Small transportation volume, slow speed and high cost. Compared with land transportation, water transportation of grain has the advantages of large volume, high speed and low cost.

practice

Why did Emperor Yang Di dig a canal? Mainly to strengthen the north-south traffic and consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty over the whole country.

Activities and surveys

1. Comparison: What's the difference between today's canal and the Sui Grand Canal?

Ideas: ① Today's canal does not pass through Luoyang; (2) Today, the Hebei section is closed to navigation and is being gradually repaired.

2. Thinking and judging: Is the opening of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty a good thing or a bad thing? Which of them is right? what do you think?

Generally speaking, it is a good thing, but it is too simplistic to comment on the role of the Grand Canal with only one word "good" or one word "bad". They look at the problem from different angles, all of which have some truth, but they are not comprehensive enough. However, people who say it is a "good thing" still see the main aspects of the problem. (3) After the Grand Canal was opened, it became the traffic artery between the north and the south, which greatly promoted the economic exchanges between the north and the south of China and was also conducive to national reunification. But at that time, in order to dig the Grand Canal, it was indeed excessive labor for the people and brought a heavy burden of corvee to the working people.

Lesson 2 "The Rule of Zhenguan"

Exercise the brain.

Think about the historical knowledge learned last semester, and compare what do Emperor Taizong and Emperor Wendi have in common?

The similarities between Emperor Taizong and Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty are as follows: paying attention to taking history as a mirror, paying attention to developing production and reducing farmers' tax service; Advocate frugality and set an example.

Practice b

Activities and surveys

1. Watchmaking: Design tables to list the historical achievements of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Taizong.

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty project

Emperor Taizong

Politically reduce the power of vassal States and strengthen centralization; Exceptionally employ people with real talent and learning.

Draw lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty, be diligent in political affairs, appoint talents, and be modest in waiting for training; Develop imperial examinations

Economically, the right to coin and the right to operate salt and iron were brought back to the central government, and he personally went to the front line of harnessing the Yellow River and attached importance to building water conservancy projects.

Attach importance to developing production and reduce farmers' servitude.

The military sent troops to fight back against the Huns and seized the Hetao and Hexi Corridor, so that the Huns could no longer confront the Western Han Dynasty.

Establish the highest administrative and military institution in the western regions to govern the western regions.

Thought and culture ousted a hundred schools of thought, respected Confucianism alone, and set up imperial academy in Chang 'an.

Attach importance to personnel training, expand the scale of Chinese studies and increase the number of students.

Ethnic Relations sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions twice.

Marry Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gambu to enhance the friendship between Tang and Fan.

(Some historical achievements of Emperor Taizong can be left vacant first, and then supplemented after four or five years. )

2. Watch movies and talk about opinions: If possible, you can show a movie about Wu Zetian and talk about your views on this queen. (self-arranged)

Lesson 3 "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng"

Exercise the brain.

1. Think about it: What are the similarities between Tang Xuanzong and his great-grandfather Tang Taizong in this period?

They are all good at appointing virtuous ministers, attaching importance to local bureaucrats and agricultural production, and paying attention to "abstinence from extravagance and simplicity". From the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty to the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the famous "ruling the world" appeared in the feudal era of China-the rule of Kaiyuan and the rule of Zhenguan.

An Arab businessman came to Guangzhou to meet an official of the Tang Dynasty. He saw a mole on the official's chest through his silk clothes and asked in surprise, "How can the mole on your chest be seen through two layers of clothes?" The official smiled and asked the guests to take a closer look. It turned out that he was wearing five silk clothes. What does this example show? It shows that the silk weaving technology in Tang Dynasty was superb and the silk texture was very thin.

Practice d

Activities and surveys

1. Reading history analysis:

Later generations commented on Tang Xuanzong: "Xuanzong had little experience among the people and had a hard time." Therefore, at the beginning of the throne, I knew the sufferings of the people and bowed to the court. " What does this sentence mean? Do you think he insisted on doing this later?

When Tang Xuanzong was young, he personally experienced some frustrated things and sufferings, so at the beginning of his reign, he knew the sufferings of the people and was diligent in political affairs.

Later, he didn't insist on doing so. (See the small print in the textbook. )

2. Story meeting: According to the extracurricular reading materials and movies you saw, make up various stories of Xuanzong period in Tang Dynasty, and tell the exchange in groups or classes.

Carry out this activity in groups. The forms of communication can be varied, such as story meetings and short plays.

The fourth lesson is the establishment of the imperial examination system

Exercise the brain.

1. There is a question type called "Tiejing" in the classic examination of the Ming Dynasty: the examiner randomly selects a paragraph from the Five Classics, covers it with a few words or sentences, and uses annotations to ask the candidates to write it silently. What do you think of this type of topic? Do we have similar questions in the exam now?

The "Iron Classics" in the Ming Classics exam is a manifestation of feudal rulers ruling and imprisoning people's thoughts with Confucianism. This kind of test is good for strengthening memory, but it is not good for readers to play their own views. It's similar to today's fill-in-the-blank question.

2. Do you think it's good for scholars in the Tang Dynasty to pay attention to the examination of poetry and fu? Why?

Scholars in the Tang Dynasty attach importance to the textual research of poetry fu, which is conducive to the prosperity and development of literature in the Tang Dynasty and the popularization and improvement of poetry art. It has played a great role in establishing the position of Tang poetry in the history of China's poetry development.

Practice d

Activities and surveys

1. Reading Analysis: Li Deyu, the prime minister in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, believed that all the senior officials in the imperial court should be children of officials, because they were familiar with the affairs and etiquette of the imperial court. People born in poverty, even if they are talented, will be incompetent because they are not familiar with court affairs after becoming an official. Is Li Deyu for or against the imperial examination system? Do you think what he said is reasonable?

Li Deyu opposed the imperial examination system. What he said is not appropriate, because being familiar with the affairs and etiquette of the court is only beneficial to the formal management of the court after being an official, not a necessary condition for being an official.

2. Reading analysis: What do you think after reading the following sentences? You can talk about your own views in combination with the current examination system.

These two passages in Sun Yat-sen and Encyclopedia Britannica show that the ancient Chinese imperial examination system is the earliest examination system in the world, and clearly point out the origin of the ancient examination system in China, the British imperial examination system and the modern national examination system. This shows that the system of selecting officials by examination in ancient China had a certain influence on the development of world civilization.

Lesson 5 "Family Harmony"

Exercise the brain.

1. Emperor Taizong said: "Since ancient times, China has always been the most important, and I love him as always." What did he mean by his words? What kind of ethnic policy is reflected?

Emperor Taizong's words mean that in the past, rulers only valued the Han nationality in the Central Plains and despised the border ethnic minorities. Unlike them, I treat all nationalities equally. This policy of equal treatment embodies a relatively enlightened national policy.

2. Looking back at the life of Tibetans who studied social studies in primary schools, what are the similarities with Tubo people?

The similarities between Tibetans and Tubos are: living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; Planting crops such as highland barley and wheat; Raising yaks, horses and other livestock; The level of melting and casting industry and textile industry is high; Good at singing and dancing.

3. If you follow Princess Wencheng to Tibet, what can you do for Princess Wencheng to benefit Tibet?

Can teach continental culture (calendar, painting, etc. ); Can spread advanced production technology and fine varieties in the mainland (such as leveling land, planting vegetables, sericulture and reeling, textile embroidery, building construction, etc.). ); Tea, grain and vegetable seeds); It can help Songzan Gambu manage paperwork and so on.

Practice b

Activities and surveys

1. Small survey: Are there any minority students or children in or around your class? Understand their customs and think about how to respect them. Play freely according to the class situation.

2. Look at the picture and analyze: Yan's "Step by Step", a colorful page in front of the book, depicts the scene of Emperor Taizong receiving Lu Dongzan, a Tibetan messenger who came to ask for relatives. Can you point out from this picture who is Emperor Taizong and who is Lu Dongzan? Then, from their expressions and demeanor, make an appropriate analysis of their mood.

Sitting on the steps is Emperor Taizong, and the second person on the left is Lu Dongzan. Liu Dongzan's expression is a little nervous and respectful, which shows that Liu Dongzan is very serious about proposing marriage. Tang Taizong's natural expression and serene manner show that Tang Taizong had a careful plan for his marriage with Tubo and was ready to promise it. Answer this question and allow students to have their own opinions. )

Lesson 6 Friendly Exchange with Foreign Countries

Exercise the brain.

1. What are the similarities between the Japanese coins in the above two pictures and those in the Tang Dynasty? Can you give some examples of Japanese being influenced by China culture?

First look at its shape and pattern. He Shen and Tongkai in Japan, like Kaiyuan Bao Tong in Tang Dynasty, are all round square hole coins of the same size. The shape of the wider circle is similar to the edge of the middle square hole. The words on the coins are all Chinese characters. Then compare their ages. In the Tang Dynasty, Kaiyuan Bao Tong was 88 years earlier than Japanese and Tongkai. In a word, He Tongkai was made in imitation of Kaiyuan Bao Tong in the Tang Dynasty. This shows the great influence of Tang Wenhua on the Japanese. Tens of thousands of "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" unearthed in Japan and "Harmonious Tongkai" unearthed in hejia village, the southern suburb of Xi, China, show the frequent trade between China and Japan in the Tang Dynasty.

First of all, Japan carried out reforms based on the Tang Dynasty system. For example, imitating the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty and selecting officials through examinations. Secondly, the Japanese were greatly influenced by the culture of the Tang Dynasty. Japan's capital, Pingchengjing, has almost the same architectural style as Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty. The style of Japanese copper coins is also similar to that of Tang Dynasty. Japan has also created Japanese characters with reference to Chinese characters, and still retains some customs of the Tang Dynasty in social life.

2. King Tianzhu said to Xuanzang, "I heard that there is a kind of song and dance in his country called" Qin Wang Broken Array Music ". Who is the king of Qin? What achievements have you made? " Do you know who the King of Qin is?

The King of Qin here refers to Emperor Taizong Li Shimin, who was named King of Qin by Tang Gaozu before he ascended the throne.

Exercise C.

Activities and surveys

1. Find out. According to the main external traffic route map of the Tang Dynasty, can you find out the countries and regions that had contacts with China in the Tang Dynasty?

East Asia has Silla and Japan, Central Asia has Persia and grain, Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor hit, India Peninsula and Southeast Asian countries Tianzhu.

2. Reading comparison: If you are interested, you can read any story of Journey to the West. Think about the similarities and differences between the description of Tang Priest in the book and Xuanzang you know.

Xuanzang's journey to the west experienced difficulties and obstacles and finally succeeded. From this perspective, it is the same. As for a series of characters in the novel, such as the Monkey King and Zhu Bajie, and the specific plots they experienced along the way, they are all made up by the author.

Lesson 7 Brilliant Sui and Tang Culture (1)

Exercise the brain.

1. Girl: "Seal is the pioneer of block printing." Boy: "Stone calligraphy is the pioneer of block printing." Which of them is right? Why?

They're all fine. As early as the Warring States period, seals began to be used. The use of seals was very common in the Han Dynasty. Carving a seal can be used countless times as long as it is painted with inkpad, which is very convenient. But the seal is usually very small, and only a few words can be engraved. Lithography is another source of printing. In ancient China, people put soaked tissue paper on carved stone tablets and patted them gently. Then ink, take off the paper, and it becomes a "rubbing" with white characters on a black background. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, people combined seals with rubbings and invented block printing.

2. Can you sum up the poetic features of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi in one sentence?

Li Bai: unrestrained, fresh and elegant.

Du Fu: Bold and vigorous, depressed and sad.

Bai Juyi: straightforward and easy to understand.

Practice b

Activities and surveys

1. Recitation: Organize a short poem recitation with Tang poetry as the content. Free play.

2. Analysis and investigation of pictures: These are pictures of ancient stone arch bridges in China. What are the characteristics of these bridges compared with Zhao Zhouqiao? Investigate again, what kind of bridges are there in your hometown? What's the difference between them and Zhao Zhouqiao?

Jade Belt Bridge in Beijing Summer Palace: beautiful in shape and strong in appreciation; The opening of the bridge is high, which is convenient for the following ships to pass; But the slope is too steep for pedestrians.

Baodai bridge, Suzhou, Jiangsu: Long-span multi-arch bridge; The bridge deck is gentle, which is conducive to the walking of horses and chariots; However, bridge opening is small, so it is inconvenient for ships to pass under the bridge.

Heilongtan Bridge in Lijiang, Yunnan: Multi-arch bridge with small slope and convenient walking on the bridge. It has certain ornamental value.

Lesson 8 Brilliant Sui and Tang Culture (2)

Exercise the brain.

1. Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan's regular script is rigorous in structure and statutes. It is said that Song people used their regular script as a printing font, which is called "Song Style". There are many Song typefaces in our textbooks. What are the similarities between them and Yan Liu's calligraphy?

They are all square characters, which are rigorous in structure, steady and dignified, and balanced in size.

2. Combined with the knowledge after class, guess who performed best at that time. Lady Yang

Exercise C.

Activities and surveys

1. Collect relevant pictures and written materials, and write an imaginary travel essay in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, such as Exploring Treasures.

No matter what topic you write, suggestions are in the form of pictures and texts.

2. Interested students can try to copy a Tang Dynasty calligraphy and painting.

For students who have no foundation in painting and calligraphy, you can also try to copy a few words or a word. Free play.

Lesson 9 the era of coexistence of state power

Exercise the brain.

1. How should we evaluate the Zen Temple Alliance? Which of them is right? what do you think?

They are all right, but they look at the problem from different angles. For the Northern Song Dynasty, the alliance of single source was a humiliating peace treaty, and "old coins" became a heavy burden for the people of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, judging from the development history of the whole Chinese nation, the conclusion of the alliance of single sources has its positive side: it ended the decades-long war between Liao and Song Dynasties and made the border between Liao and Song Dynasties in a relatively peaceful and stable state for a long time. Frequent economic and cultural exchanges between the two sides are conducive to the development of production in border areas in the long run, and also to the development and unification of China's multi-ethnic countries.

2. The iron statue on the left is in front of Yue Fei's tomb by the West Lake. Can you guess who he is? Why is he kneeling there?

Qin Gui, the executioner who killed Yue Fei. It embodies the clear distinction between people's love and hate. In this way, we can praise the heroes who protected people's interests in history and strongly condemn the criminals who killed them.

Practice b

Activities and surveys

1. Look at the picture and analyze: On the right is the portrait of Jurchen. Can you tell me what features his clothes have? Can you see any characteristics of their lives from the portraits?

Jurchen wore a fur hat, a narrow-sleeved robe, a waist belt, boots, an arrow barrel at her waist and a long bow on her shoulder. It can be seen that Jurchen lives in a cold area, hardworking, brave and good at riding and shooting.

2. Story meeting: There are many stories about Yue Fei, such as the story of resisting gold and the story of character. Please choose the stories you are interested in to prepare separately, and then communicate in the class group. Free play.

The shift of economic center of gravity to the south

Exercise the brain.

1. Look at the picture on the right carefully and see what the farmers are doing in the picture.

This picture reflects the whole process from cultivation to harvest in agricultural production, and its main labor includes: Niu Geng, transplanting, irrigation, harvesting, field cultivation, storage and other labor scenes (see the illustration below).

2. The picture on the left shows the Southern Song Dynasty ship unearthed in Quanzhou, Fujian, with 13 sealed cabin. Think about it. What are the advantages of this kind of boat?

The watertight cabin structure of ships in the Southern Song Dynasty has strong wind and wave resistance and is suitable for deep-water navigation.

3. The imperial examination system in Sui and Tang Dynasties clearly stipulated that businessmen and their children were not allowed to take the imperial examination. What does it mean to relax the scale of the imperial examination in the Song Dynasty and allow "wizards and strangers" among businessmen to take up their posts?

The provisions of the imperial examination system in Sui and Tang Dynasties showed that the government adopted a policy of political discrimination against businessmen and reflected the government's suppression of commercial activities. The Song Dynasty relaxed the restrictions on businessmen taking the imperial examination, which showed that the government changed the policy of discriminating against businessmen politically to a certain extent, and reflected that the development of commercial activities played an important role in economic life and the social status of businessmen was improved.

Think about it, why did people invent paper money? What are the advantages of paper money compared with metal money? What are the new developments in currency today?

With the development of commercial activities in Song Dynasty, metal money was inconvenient to carry, so people invented portable paper money. Paper money is more convenient to carry than metal money and has a wider range of use, which is conducive to the circulation of goods. Nowadays, paper money is issued by the state in a unified way, with higher credit, wider use area, more exquisite printing and anti-counterfeiting technology, and it is not easy to imitate; At the same time, the issuance and management of paper money is more scientific. The thinking and answers to this question should fully arouse students' thinking, and the answers can be varied. )

Practice b

Activities and surveys

Thinking and judging

The first view sees the positive impact of economic development in the south on social and economic progress, but ignores the negative impact of human economic activities on the natural environment. The second view recognizes the destruction of natural environment by human activities in the process of economic development, but denies the positive role of southern economic development.

Both views have their own rationality, but they are too one-sided and do not fully reflect the influence of southern economic development. The influence on the economic development of the south should be comprehensively and dialectically analyzed in combination with historical development, so as to draw an objective and correct conclusion.

The social outlook of the song dynasty.

Exercise the brain.

1. Crossing is just a tour, and I came to Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. Think about how you changed your food, clothing, housing and transportation to adapt to people's lives at that time.

This is an open-ended question. Teachers can encourage students to use their imagination and choose combinations according to their own preferences according to the situation of food, clothing, housing and transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty provided in the textbooks. Teachers can also encourage students to know more about the living habits and customs at that time and put forward their own more creative plans. But in order to make students pay attention to the choice of food, clothing, housing and transportation, it must have appeared in the Central Plains during the Northern Song Dynasty.

2. Think about it, what are the similarities and differences between the modern Spring Festival and the New Year's Day in the Song Dynasty?

This is also an unresolved issue. The custom of celebrating the Spring Festival is different in different parts of the country. Students can be asked to list the local customs of celebrating the Spring Festival first, and then compare them with the situation in the Song Dynasty described in the textbook to find out the similarities and differences.

Practice b

Activities and surveys

1. Try to run a historical tabloid: according to the social outlook of the Song Dynasty, write small articles with different themes and edit them into a distinctive tabloid. If you can write something like "Tokyo Wazi Experience".

Students' creativity should be fully mobilized and brought into play. Activities need not be limited to the examples of "tiles" cited in the title, and topics can be selected according to interests. Teachers can give some guidance in the search, content and typesetting of materials.

2. Hands-on: Can you cook? If so, try Dongpo Meat on the weekend and add a dish to your family. Of course, we must get the consent and help of our parents.

This activity should be completed by students in their own homes. If there are no actual conditions, let students find recipes and imagine the operation process. "Dongpo Meat" has been spread to this day, and the practice has also changed. Different recipes may require different ingredients and operation methods. We can compare different recipes and distinguish which ingredients and operation methods are closest to the practice of the Northern Song Dynasty.