"Internal Medicine" clearly pointed out that:

The treatment principles of heart failure are: strengthening the heart, diuresis and dilating blood vessels.

According to these three principles, dietary precautions are as follows:

1, limit the intake of liquid, except for infusion, and drink too much water and soup, otherwise it will increase the amount of liquid in blood circulation and aggravate heart failure.

2, low-sodium diet: high sodium will cause water and sodium retention, high blood pressure, aggravate heart failure, limit the intake of salt and various sodium-containing foods to prevent edema, cauliflower, celery, fennel, water spinach and other vegetables due to high sodium content, should eat less. All kinds of pickles, bean products and pickled foods (because of sodium salt) are taboo.

3. Because heart failure can cause diuresis for a long time, thus reducing the circulating fluid volume and causing hypokalemia, potassium deficiency can cause intestinal paralysis and easily induce digitalis (cardiotonic drug) poisoning. Patients who use diuretics for a long time should eat more foods and fruits rich in potassium, such as potatoes, laver, rape, tomatoes, milk, bananas, red dates and oranges. Potassium supplementation is often given clinically.

4, heat and protein should not be too high. Generally speaking, there is no need to restrict the intake of protein too strictly, and it is enough to take 1g daily and 50-70g daily. However, when heart failure is serious, the supply of protein should be reduced to 0.8g per day ... The special dynamic effect of protein may increase the extra energy demand of the heart and increase the metabolic rate of the body, so it should be limited to varying degrees. As we all know, obesity is not good for circulation or breathing, especially when heart failure occurs, because it will cause diaphragm elevation, lung volume reduction and heart position change, thus becoming a more serious factor. In addition, obesity will increase the burden on the heart itself, so it is advisable to adopt a low-calorie diet to maintain the patient's net weight at a normal or slightly lower level. Moreover, a low-calorie diet will reduce the oxygen consumption of the body, thus reducing the workload of the heart.

Carbohydrate intake: the supply amount is (300g ~ 350g)/ day. Because it is easy to digest, it stays in the stomach for a short time and empties quickly, which can reduce the pressure of stomach expansion on the heart. It is advisable to choose foods containing starch and polysaccharide and avoid too much sucrose and dessert to prevent flatulence, obesity and triglyceride increase.

5, limit fat: obese people should pay attention to control the intake of fat, which should be (40 g ~ 60 g)/day. Because the heat energy generated by fat is high, which is not conducive to digestion, staying in the stomach for a long time makes the stomach full and uncomfortable; Too much fat can inhibit gastric acid secretion and affect digestion; And can surround the heart and squeeze the myocardium; Or too much abdominal fat makes the diaphragm rise, oppressing the heart and feeling bloated and uncomfortable.

6. Vitamin supplementation: Patients with congestive heart failure generally have poor appetite, and the low-sodium diet lacks flavor, so the diet should be rich in vitamins, such as fresh vegetables, green leafy vegetable juice, hawthorn, fresh dates, strawberries, bananas and oranges. Vitamin b and c should be supplemented orally when necessary. Vitamin B 1 deficiency can lead to beriberi, heart disease, congestive heart failure and high output. Folic acid deficiency can lead to heart enlargement and congestive heart failure.