custom
Spring Festival is an ancient festival in China, and it is also the most important festival in a year. How to celebrate this festival has formed some relatively fixed customs and habits in thousands of years of historical development, and many of them have been passed down to this day.
sweep the dust
"On the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, dust sweeps the house". According to Lv Chunqiu, China had the custom of sweeping dust during the Spring Festival in the Yao and Shun era. According to the folk saying: Because of the homonym of "dust" and "Chen", sweeping dust in the Spring Festival means "getting rid of the old and not being new", and its original intention is to sweep away all bad luck and bad luck. This custom has placed people's desire to break the old and create new ones and their prayers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, every household should clean the environment, clean all kinds of electrical appliances, remove and wash bedding curtains, sweep six yards, dust cobwebs and dredge culverts in open channels. Everywhere is filled with the joyful atmosphere of cleaning and welcoming the Spring Festival cleanly.
lucky money
When visiting the New Year during the Spring Festival, the elders should distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, because "old" and "special" are homophonic, and the younger generation can spend a year safely with lucky money. There are two kinds of lucky money, one is to put colored rope in the shape of Jackie Chan at the foot of the bed, which was recorded in Yanjing year; The other is the most common, that is, parents wrap the money distributed to their children in red paper. Lucky money can be given in public after the younger generation pays New Year's greetings, or it can be put under the child's pillow by parents when the child is asleep on New Year's Eve.
Folks believe that giving children lucky money, when evil spirits or "Nian" hurt children, children can use the money to bribe them and turn evil into good luck. A Qing Wu Manyun's poem "Lucky Money" said: "A hundred yuan long colored thread was collected from the pillow, and the price of firecrackers was discussed, which kept Joule busy all night." From this point of view, lucky money is tied in children's hearts, and children's lucky money is mainly used to buy firecrackers, toys and candy and other things needed for holidays.
At present, the custom of elders giving lucky money to younger generations is still prevalent, and the amount ranges from tens to hundreds. Most of these lucky money are used by children to buy books and school supplies, and the new fashion has given new content to the lucky money.
paste up Spring Festival couplets
Spring Festival couplets are also called door couplets, spring stickers, couplets, couplets and peach symbols. They depict the background of the times and express good wishes with neat, dual, concise and delicate words, which are unique literary forms in China. Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of bright red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival. This custom began in the Song Dynasty and was popular in the Ming Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph Poetry of Spring Festival couplets discusses the origin of couplets and the characteristics of various works.
There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, cross string, spring strip and bucket square according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Cross-dressing" is posted on the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls.
Stick the window grilles and the word "fu" upside down.
In the folk, people also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. Window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also integrate decoration, appreciation and practicality. Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art in China, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often pasted on the window, it is also called "window grilles". With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles show auspicious things and good wishes incisively and vividly, and decorate festivals with colorful colors.
While putting up Spring Festival couplets, some people have to put large and small "Fu" characters on doors, walls and lintels. Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. The word "Fu" symbolizes good luck and wishes for a happy life and a bright future. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, some people simply put the word "Fu" upside down, indicating that "Fu has arrived" and "Fu has arrived". Others elaborate the word "Fu" into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp yue longmen, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, and so on.
New Year picture
Hanging New Year pictures during the Spring Festival is also very common in urban and rural areas. Thick black and colorful New Year pictures add a lot of prosperity and festive atmosphere to thousands of families. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China, which reflects people's simple customs and beliefs and places their hopes on the future. New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". With the rise of block printing, the content of New Year pictures is not limited to monotonous themes such as door gods, but has become rich and colorful. Some New Year pictures workshops have produced classic color New Year pictures, such as Fu Lushou's Samsung, God bless the people, abundant crops, prosperous livestock and welcoming the New Year, to meet people's good wishes of celebrating and praying for the New Year. There are three important producing areas of Chinese New Year pictures: Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Weifang in Shandong; Three schools of New Year pictures have been formed, each with its own characteristics.
The earliest existing collection of New Year pictures in China is the woodcut New Year pictures of the Southern Song Dynasty, which depict four ancient beauties: Wang Zhaojun, Zhao, Ban Ji and Lvzhu. The most popular folk painting is the Year of Marrying the Rat. It depicts an interesting scene in which a mouse marries a bride according to human custom. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zheng of Shanghai combined the monthly calendar with the New Year pictures. This is a new form of New Year pictures. This new year's picture, which was combined into one, later developed into a calendar and has been popular all over the country.
stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve
Keeping the Lunar New Year's Eve is one of the most important activities, and the custom of keeping the Lunar New Year's Eve has a long history. The earliest record can be found in the Local Records of the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year's Eve, all parties give gifts to each other, which is called "the year of giving back"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "not old"; Young and old get together to drink and wish a complete song called "age division"; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for dawn. This is the so-called "shou sui".
On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year's Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the stove and chat, wait for the time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and keep vigil all night, which symbolizes driving away all evil diseases and epidemics and expecting good luck in the new year. This custom gradually became popular. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, wrote a poem "Shou Sui": "Cold words and winter snow, warm with spring breeze". To this day, people are used to celebrating the New Year's Eve.
In ancient times, observing the age has two meanings: the old man's observing the age means "resigning from the old", which means cherishing time; Young people keep their age in order to prolong the life of their parents. Since the Han Dynasty, the time for the alternation of the old and new years is generally at midnight.
firecracker
There is a folk saying in China that "open the door and set off firecrackers". That is, when the new year comes, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Firecracker is a specialty of China, also known as "Firecracker", "Firecracker" and "Firecracker". Its origin is very early, and it has a history of more than two thousand years. Setting off firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, which is a kind of entertainment in festivals and can bring happiness and good luck to people. With the passage of time, firecrackers are more and more widely used, and there are more and more varieties and colors. Every major festival and happy celebration, as well as marriage, building, opening, etc. We should set off firecrackers to celebrate and make good luck. At present, Liuyang, Hunan, Foshan and Dongyao, Yichun and Pingxiang, Jiangxi, Wenzhou, Zhejiang and other regions are famous fireworks towns in China. The firecrackers produced have many colors and high quality, which are not only sold well all over the country, but also exported to all parts of the world.
Pay new year's call
On the first day of the new year, people get up early, put on the most beautiful clothes, dress neatly, go out to visit relatives and friends, and wish each other good luck in the coming year. There are many ways to pay New Year's greetings, some of which are led by the same patriarch from door to door. Some colleagues invited several people to pay New Year greetings; Others get together to congratulate each other. This is called "group worship". Because it takes time and effort to pay New Year greetings at home, some elites and scholars later congratulated each other with stickers, thus developing the later "New Year cards".
When paying New Year greetings during the Spring Festival, the younger generation should first pay New Year greetings to their elders and wish them health and longevity. The elders can distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, because "old" and "special" are homophonic, and the younger generation can spend a year safely with lucky money. There are two kinds of lucky money, one is to put colored rope in the shape of Jackie Chan at the foot of the bed, which was recorded in Yanjing year; The other is the most common, that is, parents wrap the money distributed to their children in red paper. Lucky money can be given in public after the younger generation pays New Year's greetings, or it can be secretly put under the child's pillow by parents when the child falls asleep on New Year's Eve. It is still very popular for elders to give lucky money to younger generations.
An important activity of the Spring Festival is to congratulate the New Year at new friends and friends' homes and neighbors, which used to be called New Year greetings. The wind of the Han people's New Year greetings began in the Han Dynasty. It was very popular after the Tang and Song Dynasties, and some people who don't have to go in person can use famous cards to congratulate them. It was called "thorn" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so the business card was also called "famous thorn". After the Ming Dynasty, many people put up a red paper bag at the door to collect famous posts, which was called "Menben".
According to their social relations, the forms of folk New Year greetings can be roughly divided into four categories:
One is to visit relatives. On the first day, you must go to your father-in-law's house and bring gifts. After entering the door, first bow down to the Buddha statue, ancestor statue and memorial tablet, and then bow down to the elders in turn. You can stay for dinner and play.
The second is a courtesy visit. If you want to pay a New Year call to your colleagues and friends, you should only bow to the Buddha when you enter the room. If you are equal to your master, you only need to bow. If you are older than yourself, you should still take the initiative to bow your head. The host should get down from his seat to help you, or even say that he is not polite to show his humility. This situation is generally not suitable for sitting for a long time, so leave after a few pleasantries. After the host worships, he should pay a return visit another day.
The third is a thank-you visit. Anyone who owes money to others (such as lawyers and doctors) in the past year will buy some gifts and send them to express their gratitude by taking the opportunity to pay a New Year call.
The fourth is a series of visits. For neighbors, we didn't have much contact in the past, but we can get along well when we meet. On New Year's Eve, we just went to the yard and said "Congratulations on getting rich" and "Shun Shun Bai Shun" when we met. We just sit in the house for a while, without much etiquette.
In ancient times, there was a difference between New Year greetings and New Year greetings: New Year greetings were to knock on elders; The New Year is a time for peers to congratulate each other. Now, some organizations, groups, enterprises and schools get together to congratulate each other, which is called "group worship".
New Year greeting is a traditional folk custom in China, and it is a way for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and express their best wishes to each other. In ancient times, the original meaning of the word "Happy New Year" was to pay New Year greetings to the elderly, including kowtowing to the elderly, congratulating them on a happy New Year and greeting their lives. In case of friends and relatives of the same generation, you should also salute and congratulate.
In ancient times, if neighbors had too many relatives and friends, it was difficult to walk around the whole house. It's called "flying mail", and let the servant take the business card to pay a New Year call. There is a red paper bag with the word "Fu Jie" written on it in front of each house, which is the purpose of posting flying cards. This custom began in the upper class of the Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the Yantai Moon Order described the Beijing New Year Festival: "It's the moon, the film flies, and the car goes empty." Become fashionable. A large family has a special "door book" to record the guests' contacts and flying photos. There are four virtual "relatives" on the front page of the door: one is a centenarian living in centenarian lane; One said he was rich and lived in Yuanbao Street. One is your infinite adult, living in the university archway; One day, Fu Zhao visited his master and lived in Five Blessingg Building. For good luck. So far, the gift of New Year cards and greeting cards during the Spring Festival is the legacy of this ancient exchange of flying cards.
Scholars in the upper class have the custom of greeting each other with famous cards. Hui Zhou, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said in Qingbo magazine: "During the Song Dynasty, servants were often used to stab people in the name of the New Year." At that time, the scholar-officials had a wide circle of friends, and it took time and energy to pay New Year greetings everywhere. Therefore, some close friends did not go in person, but sent their servants to take a card cut with plum blossom stationery, two inches wide and three inches long, with the recipient's name, address and congratulations written on it. In the Ming dynasty, people visited instead of paying New Year's greetings. Wen Zhiming, an outstanding painter and poet in the Ming Dynasty, described in the poem "New Year": "I don't want to meet each other, but I want to be fluent, and my famous articles are full; I also throw a few pieces of paper at people. The world hates being too simple and not too empty. " The "famous thorn" and "famous divination" mentioned here are the origins of today's New Year cards. New Year cards are used to connect feelings and exchange greetings, which are convenient and practical and still popular today.
From about the Qing Dynasty, the form of "group worship" was added to the New Year greetings. In "Jade Tan with a Side Hat", the Lord of the Qing Dynasty said: "At the beginning of the year, the capital must make regular group worship to unite the friendship of the New Year and show the nostalgia", and "book guests, have a banquet and enjoy the day every year".
With the development of the times, the custom of New Year greetings is constantly adding new contents and forms. Nowadays, in addition to following the previous way of greeting the New Year, etiquette telegrams and telephone greetings have mushroomed.
However, from the first day of the first month to the fifth day of the first month, most families do not receive women, which is called "taboo". It's just that men want to go out to pay New Year greetings, and women can't go out to visit until after the sixth day of the first month. New Year greetings will last for a long time until the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month. Visiting relatives and friends in the evening is called "Night Worship Festival", and it is called "Lantern Festival" after October of the lunar calendar, so there is a joke that it is not too late to have a cold meal.
If for some reason you don't follow the routine ceremony and make up for it in the future, it's called "worshiping the old"
Responder: zhxr 63- Supreme Level of the underworld 2-9 13:56
United States of America
The United States has not been established for a long time, and there are countless immigrants from China. Therefore, American etiquette culture can be said to be the confluence of many cultures, many of which are completely contrary to the habits of China people.
First, the etiquette of meeting.
Americans don't necessarily shake hands when they meet, but just smile and say hello, even if it's the first time they meet, and China regards holding hands as the basic etiquette. However, China does not have too many restrictions on shaking hands, and Americans have certain manners to shake hands. For example, between men and women, the woman reaches out first. If the woman has no intention of shaking hands, the man can only nod and bow. Between the old and the young, the elders reach out first; Between the superior and the subordinate, the superior reaches out first; Between the host and the guest, the host holds out his hand first. And look at each other when shaking hands and take off your gloves, otherwise it will be considered impolite. In America, people like to call each other by their first names, which is a friendly gesture. Even though they may call each other by their surnames at the beginning of the conversation, they will change their names later. In China, people like to be called so-and-so manager and so-and-so president, because it is a symbol of status and status. But in America, people rarely use formal titles to address others. Official titles are only used for judges, senior government officials, military officers, doctors, professors and senior religious figures. It is worth noting that the United States has never used administrative titles such as directors, managers and responsible persons to address others. In addition, when talking with people, you must not talk about personal affairs, such as age, marriage, income, beliefs and so on. Don't ask the price of what others buy; When you see someone coming back, you can't ask him where he went and where he came from, otherwise he will be disgusted. Americans often use "nose sticking out of someone's private life" to express their contempt for questioners. In China, however, the boundaries of personal privacy are far less profound, and people don't care about others' general understanding of their lives. However, when dealing with Americans in China, it seems common for China people to ask each other some family information. Americans may think that you have violated his privacy and have ulterior motives, and such a business may be ruined.
Second, the etiquette of giving gifts, dating and visiting.
Generally speaking, Americans don't give gifts casually. Gifts are usually not very expensive, just books, stationery, chocolate candy and the like. When visiting patients, they mainly send flowers and bonsai. Different from China, Americans think odd numbers are auspicious, and sometimes they don't feel humble if they only send three pears, while China pays attention to pairs. When Americans receive gifts, they must immediately open them, enjoy or taste them in front of the giver, and express their gratitude immediately. In addition, American gifts attach importance to packaging. It is very likely that you will receive a gift with three floors inside and three floors outside, but only a few chocolates can be opened. Don't be disappointed or think that Americans are stingy. Americans value their hearts more than the value of gifts.
Americans pay attention to efficiency and often have strict plans every day, so you must make an appointment in advance to visit American families, otherwise you will be regarded as an uninvited guest and close the door. So you should write or call one or two days in advance to make an appointment. Once the appointment is made, you must arrive on time, not late or too early, because the housewife should set the living room for tea before the guests come. If you go early and the housewife is not ready, it will cause a lot of inconvenience to receive you. For those large formal occasions, punctuality is more important. If you go early, you should wait outside for a few minutes before you go in.
Wipe off the dirty things on your shoes before you enter, so as not to dirty the floor. Take off your hat after entering the door. Put the raincoat and umbrella outside. Then say hello to the hostess first, and then say hello to the host. If the host's house is full of guests and friends, just shake hands with the host and acquaintances and nod to others. If the host asks you to sit down, you should sit down at once. Don't push to sit down, don't flip the owner's supplies at will, and don't ask the price of the supplies. Don't smoke easily when you are a guest. If you want to smoke, ask the ladies present if they mind, and propose a toast to others first. If the host offers you a cigarette, even if you have your own, you should accept the host's cigarette, which is different from China's habit. People in China tend to refuse out of politeness, but in the eyes of Americans, he will think that you look down on him and make the relationship between friends worse. Generally speaking, the visiting time should not be too long, but don't leave immediately after eating and chat with the host for a while. If the husband and wife visit together, the wife should stand up and leave first. If you don't know your host very well, you should make a phone call or write a note to express your gratitude after the visit. In this way, Americans will think you are polite and make a good impression.
Third, table manners.
When eating, wait until all the guests have served, and the hostess motioned before starting to eat. Guests are not allowed to eat any food until the hostess picks up the spoon or fork. People in China are used to eating while serving, and the hostess is often the last one to sit down and eat. It is impolite to keep silent while eating in America, but don't talk while chewing food. You shouldn't put down your knife and fork when you talk, but don't swing it around. Don't blow your nose or burp while eating, and apologize to the people around you for sneezing or coughing. When picking vegetables, you'd better take a little of everything, which will make the hostess happy. After eating, the hostess should leave her seat first, and then the guests will leave together. Put the napkin on the table, don't fold it as it is, unless the host asks you to stay for the next meal.
During the dinner, the host should keep the conversation lively and interesting so as not to let every guest be left out in the cold. The host shouldn't eat too fast. If most people have finished eating and a few people haven't finished eating, we should slow down so as not to make the guests feel uneasy. During the dinner, the guests dropped their knives and forks on the ground, so they should change them politely. If a guest accidentally breaks plates and bowls, the hostess should calmly clean them up and comfort the guests, and never show displeasure. Finally, the host must never calculate the cost of entertaining guests in front of them.
Fourth, dress etiquette.
Americans' clothes mainly reflect their personality, so it is difficult to tell whether they are rich or poor and what their status is from their clothes. If a man in a fashionable suit looks like the boss of a big company, he may actually be an artist or even a beautician in the entertainment circle. Wearing jeans, sneakers and an old T-shirt, he looks like a tramp, but in fact he may be a slovenly professor. So in America, you must never respect your clothes first, and then respect others. Once a foreign businessman from the United States came to China, the receptionist thought that it must be the boss's powerful person in a suit and tie, but ignored the bearded person in the group. Although I have devoted too much enthusiasm to the "straight suit", fortunately, I have not ignored the "beard". Later, once I introduced my identity, I knew who was the real boss, and that "suit" was just an employee. So in America, people who dress well are not necessarily rich, and those who dress poorly are not necessarily poor. If we simply judge a person by clothes and hats, we will not only get ourselves into trouble, but also make Americans look down on them.
Although Americans dress casually and are not as particular as Europeans, what they wear in the United States can be described as "not afraid of being worn out and not allowed to wear it wrong". On many occasions, there are strict rules about dress. For example, many companies in the United States design custom uniforms for work. Bosses and employees who work in law firms and banks are dressed in straight suits every day and need to change them every day. If two days are the same, it is easy to be misunderstood as someone who didn't go home to change clothes at night. For example, if you hold a variety of banquets in the United States, you will often indicate whether it is a "black bow tie" on the invitation. If it is marked "black bow tie", men must wear a tuxedo and a black bow tie, and women must wear evening dresses. At this time, men's long ties and women's trousers can't get on the table. If the "black bow tie" is not marked, it means "formal dress", then the suit can go on stage. If it says "white collar", it means wearing a tuxedo and a white tie. Therefore, what kind of clothes to wear at any banquet is very particular. Imagine if in an informal occasion, everyone is wearing short clothes, but only you are wearing a dark black tuxedo; Or every Dou Yun is wearing a long skirt and a T-shirt, but you. This huge disharmony, you don't feel arrogant, others will watch you swaying in the crowd like a thing. Moreover, in the United States, this is an obvious manifestation of disrespect for the host of the banquet. The host will resent you and sever contact with you, which is a great loss for you. Therefore, it is particularly important to pay attention to the collocation of occasions and clothes in the United States.
In short, the United States and China have many different communication habits, and other western countries also have their own cultural habits. Therefore, it is very necessary to know the manners and customs of the other country before communicating with foreigners or going to other countries. This not only respects each other, but also brings convenience to ourselves, avoiding unnecessary troubles and misunderstandings, so as to take the initiative and achieve good results in multi-party competition.
Americans usually drink cocktails before lunch and dinner, but in California, people mostly drink wine.
At the same time, we usually eat a salad before eating the staple food. Stir-fried mushrooms and onion rings can be used as appetizers, steak, pork chops and chicken (legs) are staple foods, and lobster, shellfish, various fish and even freshwater fish are collectively referred to as seafood. French fries are very popular and almost indispensable food.
In addition, we should pay special attention to the fact that if there is leftover food, we must pack it and take it home to avoid waste.
Americans use both knives and knives when eating, and the way they eat is also very particular. Therefore, when invited to have dinner with American friends, we should pay special attention to their dining habits. Generally speaking, there is a knife and two tableware on the dining table. The tableware outside is for you to eat salad, the tableware inside is for staple food and other snacks, and the knife is used to cut meat. If you use both hands, hold the tool in your left hand and the knife in your right hand, don't hold the knife for too long at a time.
American breakfast includes scrambled or boiled eggs, sausages, potato chips, pancakes, jelly, toast, muffins, orange juice and coffee.
If you are not familiar with American restaurants, you should pay attention to the following points:
1. Choose a suitable restaurant (such as family restaurant, specialty restaurant, cafeteria);
2. Restaurant business hours (business hours 165438+ 0: 30 am to evening);
3. Generally, you should book a table in advance;
4. After arriving at the dining room, you can't go straight to the dining table and enter the dining table unless there is a notice of "Sit at will" in the dining room;
5. When checking out, don't forget to leave a certain percentage of tip for the waiter (generally 10% ~ 15% of the actual total).
With the accelerated pace of life in the United States, fast food came into being. Its fast food chain stores are all over the world, among which McDonald's fast food chain stores are the most influential. The fast food provided includes: hamburger, roast beef, steak, ham, sandwich, KFC, potato chips, baked pies, ice cream and various carbonated drinks.
In McDonald's, after eating, remember to clean up the garbage and put the tray in the trash can, regardless of Hong Kong or Chinese mainland, otherwise it will be a dirty look.
There are six commandments for Americans to eat:
First, no noise is allowed when eating;
Second, you are not allowed to take other people's food;
Third, smoking is not allowed;
Fourth, don't persuade others to drink;
Fifth, it is not allowed to undress in public;
Sixth, don't say anything disgusting.
India
There are many social etiquette in India: folding ceremony, hugging ceremony, covering ceremony, touching feet ceremony, raising hands ceremony and so on. Shaking hands is also very popular. Indians often greet their guests with wreaths. Indians used to pay great attention to rank, status and identity. India's unique caste system is divided into four grades: one is "Brahman", that is, monks; Second, it is "Khrushchev", that is, aristocratic families and aristocratic families; The third is "barking", that is, civilians; Fourth, it is "sudra", that is, Dalits. In addition, there is "untouchable", which is called "Harry Zhen". The traditional caste system has been widely criticized, but its influence still exists.
The staple food of Indians is rice and pasta, and the cooking methods are frying, boiling and stewing. They like to add all kinds of spices, especially spicy spices. There are many vegetarians in India, and the higher their social status, the more taboo they are. According to the canon, Hindus and Sikhs don't eat beef, Muslims don't eat pork, and Jains avoid killing animals and eating meat.
Indians eat with their right hands.
Japan
Japanese people usually bow as a meeting etiquette. There is also a special emphasis on the degree, length and frequency of bowing. When you bow, don't hold anything in your hand and don't wear a hat. Japan sometimes bows when shaking hands. Japanese women in general, especially rural women in Japan, just bow their heads.
In rural Japan, saying goodbye to relatives and friends usually includes kneeling or shaking hands. What women do is kneel, that is, kneel, and what men do is shake clogs in the air.
When Japanese meet others for the first time, they usually exchange business cards, otherwise it will be interpreted as unwilling to associate.
In communication situations, the Japanese creed is "Don't disturb others". Therefore, it is forbidden to talk loudly and laugh. But in front of outsiders, you have to be all smiles. The Japanese think it's polite.
Japanese cuisine is generally called Japanese cuisine or Japanese cuisine, which can be summarized as "five flavors", "five colors" and "five methods". The "five flavors" are: bitter in spring, sour in summer, sweet in autumn, and astringent in winter. These "five colors" are: green spring, Zhu Xia, white autumn, Dong Xuan, and then the widely used yellow. The so-called "five methods" refer to five cooking methods: steaming, burning, boiling, frying and eating raw.
Japanese dietary taboos are: no fat pork and pig offal, and some people don't like mutton and duck. Japanese people love drinking very much, and people generally like drinking tea.
When eating, the Japanese have the saying "avoid eight chopsticks": first, avoid licking chopsticks; Secondly, it is forbidden to be obsessed with chopsticks, that is, it is not allowed to use chopsticks to sway on food; Third, it is forbidden to move chopsticks, that is, it is not allowed to clip one dish with another. Fourth, it is forbidden to twist chopsticks, that is, it is not allowed to swallow chopsticks upside down in your mouth; Fifth, it is forbidden to insert chopsticks, that is, chopsticks are not allowed to be inserted into meals or used as forks to fork meals; Sixth, it is forbidden to dig chopsticks, that is, chopsticks are not allowed to be used in food; Seventh, it is forbidden to cross chopsticks, that is, chopsticks are not allowed to cross bowls and plates; Eighth, avoid chopsticks, that is, chopsticks are not allowed to be used as toothpicks.