Chinese name: Deterioration time of waste plastics: 500 ~ 1000 years. Impact: The main components that often cause large-scale pollution: resin and plastic, recycling grade, introduction, classification and labeling. According to national regulations, plastics refer to plastics with resin (or directly polymerized with monomers during processing) as the main component and additives such as plasticizers, fillers, lubricants and colorants as the auxiliary components. Plastic is a synthetic polymer compound, which can change its shape freely. Plastics are materials polymerized from monomer raw materials through synthesis or condensation reaction. It consists of synthetic resin, filler, plasticizer, stabilizer, lubricant, pigment and other additives. Its main component is synthetic resin. Plastic knowledge 2 Plastic knowledge 1 recycling level The recycling of recyclable waste plastics can be divided into four levels: the first-level recycling refers to the treatment of recyclable waste plastics (leftovers, etc.). ) products with the same or similar performance as new materials are made by ordinary processing methods. Secondary recycling refers to the treatment of waste plastics (scraps, etc.). ) by one or more processing methods into products with slightly worse performance than new materials. Tertiary recovery refers to the recovery of chemical components in waste plastics to make them monomer or fuel. Four-stage recovery refers to the recovery of energy from waste plastics by incineration. Waste plastics are the general name of plastics used in civil and industrial applications and eventually eliminated or replaced. Can be divided into: 1. Recycled plastics, 2. Processing plastics, 3. Recycled plastics, 4. Reusable plastics, 5 Recyclable plastics and 6. Nonrecyclable plastic. 1. The recycled plastics are pretreated by factory molding and extrusion. , and then reprocessed with scrapped or unqualified molded products in the secondary processing plant. Note: In many specifications, recycled plastics are limited to clean plastics, which meet the requirements of new materials, and the quality of their products is actually equivalent to that of products made of new materials. 2. Processed plastic thermoplastics prepared from waste industrial plastics by non-original processors. Note: Processed plastics may or may not contain fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, colorants, etc. 3. Recycled plastics are made of washed and crushed wastes. Note: In a broad sense, recycled plastics refer to the reuse of any waste or waste products, including pyrolysis to recover useful original chemicals. The recycled plastics may or may not be mixed with fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, colorants, etc. 4. Reusable plastic molded products can be reused for many times, and their performance meets the requirements of relevant laws and regulations. 5. Recyclable plastics refer to plastics that can be recycled after being discarded and reused after certain treatment. 6. A plastic that cannot be recycled after being discarded. The specific chemical compositions and distinguishing methods of different plastics are as follows: the commonly used waste plastics are classified as PE, PP, PVC, PET, EPS, PA, ABS 1, and PET polyethylene terephthalate, also known as polyester, is commonly found in Bote bottles. Features: The molecular structure is highly symmetrical and has certain crystal orientation ability, so it has high film forming and formability. PET has good optical properties and weather resistance, and amorphous PET has good optical transparency. In addition, PET has excellent wear resistance, frictional resistance, dimensional stability and electrical insulation. PET bottles are widely used because of their high strength, good transparency, non-toxicity, permeability resistance, light weight and high production efficiency. 2.HDPE polyethylene is basically divided into three categories: high pressure low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). Film is its main processing product, followed by sheets and coatings, hollow containers such as bottles, cans and barrels, and other various injection and blow molding products, insulation and sheathing of pipes, wires and cables. Mainly used in packaging, agriculture, transportation and other departments. HDPE high-density polyethylene is commonly found in cosmetic water containers, bottles and plastic bags in supermarkets. LDPE low density polyethylene is often used for hose packaging of toothpaste or facial cleanser. 3, PVC PVC-for example: water pipes, curtains, credit cards, packaging, kettles, soft films. PVC and PVC are common in pipes, outdoor furniture and raincoats. 4. PP polypropylene is common in bottle caps, straws and microwave food boxes. Features: low price, light weight, good processability and wide application. The development of catalysts and new technologies has further promoted the expansion of application fields. Someone said: "As long as the material of a product is changed into plastic, then this product has the potential to use polypropylene." Main uses: woven bags, waterproof cloth, durable consumer goods: such as cars, home appliances and carpets. 5. PS polystyrene is divided into unfoamed and foamed. Unfoamed styrofoam is common in some beverage containers (such as Yakult); Foaming foam, commonly known as styrofoam, is often used to package rubber particles, disposable insulating plastic cups, frozen meat containers, lunch boxes and so on. Features: Excellent electrical insulation (especially high-frequency insulation), colorless and transparent, light transmittance second only to plexiglass, colored water resistance, good chemical stability, average strength, but fragile, prone to stress embrittlement, resistant to organic solvents such as benzene and gasoline. Suitable for making insulating transparent parts, decorative parts, chemical instruments, optical instruments and other parts. Other plastic products that can be recycled include the uses of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic: lighting appliances, signboard advertisements, building doors and windows, stair treads, lighting wave boards, roof lighting covers, building decorative boards, furniture, daily necessities, and motor industrial products (machine transparent covers, helmets, light-transmitting plates, polycarbonate (PC), polylactic acid (PLA) and Nylon). And FRP, modified polystyrene, plastics, high impact polystyrene (non-brittle rubber), general polystyrene, nylon polyamide, polyformaldehyde, Saigang, plexiglass, sub-afterburner, polycarbonate-(bulletproof rubber) biaxially stretched polylactic acid film (BOPLA), etc. There are many varieties and models for the classification and identification of waste plastics, which come from different industries. According to the structure and performance, plastics can be divided into thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. At present, most of the materials that can be recycled in China are thermoplastics because they are soluble and plastic. Different sources of waste plastics lead to different utilization levels and different prices of waste plastics. The first is color. The lighter the color (even colorless and transparent), the wider the application range. For example, white can be adjusted into many other colors, or it can be made into white products at the same price. Secondly, because of the needs of the product, various ingredients are added to the raw materials. By the end of 20 13, from the domestic market, the content of CaC03 (stone powder) is the main factor that determines the utilization value of waste plastics. The more CaC03, the lower the price. From the naked eye, the product is not bright. If it is dull (except matt), the content of CaC03 will be high, which will be very heavy in terms of hand feel. If it burns, the burning part will turn red and become ashes. In addition, pay attention to reinforced products (referring to glass fibers). As of 20 13, only PA, PBT, PP and other enhanced products can be used, and the price is not high. There are also many kinds of alloy materials. At present, there is only one kind of ABS+PC in the domestic market, and the others are not good. According to the specific gravity (density) of raw materials, it is judged whether the mixed materials can be reused. At present, the most common problems are that ABS and PS, PC and PMMA, PVC chips (bottle material) and PET chips, PE and PP chips are mixed together. After these substances are mixed, it is difficult to separate them by ordinary methods because of their similar densities. So the mixture can't be crushed, otherwise the price will be very low and no one will even want it. Identification of waste plastics generally has the following steps: 1, look at the color; 2. Look at the brightness (transparent materials can be removed in this step); 3. Handle (weight and smoothness); 4. Ignition (observe whether the flame color smokes or not, and whether it contains off-fire combustion); 5, smell (all kinds of plastics have different tastes, including flame retardants, etc. ); 6, wire drawing (CaC03 multi-wire drawing is definitely not possible, and the reinforcing wire can not be drawn). The State stipulates that the State Environmental Protection Administration of China, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issue the Regulations on Pollution Prevention and Control of Waste Plastics Processing and Utilization. The new regulations will take effect on 20 12 10 1, and some irresponsible recycling and processing behaviors will be strictly prohibited, including: prohibiting the processing and utilization of waste plastics in residential areas; It is forbidden to use waste plastics to produce ultra-thin plastic bags (ultra-thin plastic shopping bags with a thickness of less than 0.025mm and ultra-thin plastic bags with a thickness of less than 0.0 15mm) that have been banned since 2007; It is forbidden to use waste plastics to produce plastic bags for food; It is forbidden to engage in hazardous waste recycling activities of waste plastics without a hazardous waste business license, including waste plastic packaging materials contaminated by hazardous chemicals and pesticides and discarded disposable medical plastic products (such as infusion sets and blood bags); Without sewage treatment facilities that meet the requirements of environmental protection, it is forbidden to engage in processing activities such as granulation of waste woven bags, tank bottom elutriation, deplating (coating) of waste plastics, and brine sorting; It is forbidden to hand over the residual garbage and filter screens generated during the processing and utilization of waste plastics to units or individuals that do not meet the requirements of environmental protection for disposal; It is forbidden to burn waste plastics in the open air, residual garbage and filter screens generated in the process of processing and utilization; The new regulations apply to waste plastics recovered in China and imported waste plastics. Especially for imported waste, the recycling industry must earnestly abide by various relevant policies and prohibit the following acts: it is forbidden to import unwashed waste plastics. ; It is forbidden to transfer all or part of the imported waste plastics to units or individuals other than the utilization enterprises specified in the import license, including entrusting other enterprises to clean the imported waste plastics; It is forbidden to sell the remaining waste plastics produced during the sorting or processing of imported waste plastics directly without cleaning; It is forbidden to sell waste plastics in imported waste paper directly without cleaning. The new regulations require recycling enterprises to immediately report to the port customs, inspection and quarantine departments and local environmental protection departments, and cooperate with them to deal with imported waste plastics that are prohibited by the state or do not meet environmental control standards. In addition, the waste plastics processing and utilization distribution center is also encouraged to implement centralized park management for retail investors of waste plastics processing and utilization, and to centrally treat waste water, waste gas and solid waste generated by waste plastics processing and utilization. The regulations require provincial environmental protection and commerce authorities to organize verification and publish a list of qualified waste plastic processing and utilization enterprises; The problems found in the verification shall be dealt with according to law and the results shall be announced to the public. From 20 13 10, only recycling enterprises that have passed the inspection by regulatory agencies are allowed to import waste plastics.