(1) self-service chopsticks with spork.
(1) spork with extended handle: It is suitable for patients with limited shoulder and elbow joints and unable to reach dishes, bowls or mouths.
(2) spork with thick handle: It is suitable for patients with limited finger flexion or weak grip. The thick handle is convenient for the patient to hold and increases the stability of holding (Figure 3-3- 1).
(3) spork with curved handle: It is suitable for patients with poor wrist control. If the fork or spoon can't reach a proper angle with the dish or mouth, the angle of spork will be changed to meet the needs (Figure 3-3-2).
(4) Multifunctional spork: The tip can be used as the back of a fork or as a spoon, thus avoiding the trouble that patients frequently change spork.
(5) spork with "C" handle: It is suitable for patients who can't hold spork handle because of poor finger grasping function. When in use, four fingers are inserted into the C-shaped hollow part together.
(6) spork inserted in the universal cuff: It is also suitable for patients with poor finger grasping function who can't hold spork's handle, and spork is fixed in the palm by using the universal cuff.
(7) Matching application of wrist extension splint and universal cuff: it is suitable for patients with low grasping function of wrist and fingers at the same time (Figure 3-3-3).
(8) Chopsticks with springs at the upper ends: the upper ends of chopsticks are provided with spring pieces, and the chopsticks are automatically separated due to the tension of the spring pieces after being loosened. Suitable for patients with extensor weakness or weak strength who can't loosen chopsticks by themselves.
(Figure 3-3-4)
(2) vegetables, bowls and cups.
(1) separation concave plate: the dishes in the plate can be separated, and the edge is deep and close to vertical, so it is difficult to take out the food from the plate when taking the dishes with a spoon. Suitable for patients who can only eat with a spoon in one hand.
2) The food plug and the food with protruding side: its function is to prevent food from being pushed out of the food by the patient (Figure 3-3-5, Figure 3-3-6).
(3) Bowl with negative pressure sucker: The bottom of the bowl is equipped with negative pressure sucker, which can prevent one side edge of the bowl from being pushed up and food from being taken out of the bowl.
(4) Cup with "C" handle: suitable for patients with insufficient grip strength. When in use, four fingers are inserted into the hollow part of the C-shape together.
(5)T-handle cup: also suitable for patients with poor grip strength. Put the ring finger of the middle finger on the top and bottom of the horizontal beam of the T-shaped handle and clamp it to pick up the cup.
(6) Cup with straw clamp and straw: The straw clamp is fixed on the edge of the cup, and the straw passes through the clamp. The length and shape of the straw can be adjusted according to the needs of patients, which is suitable for patients who can't hold cups.
(7) Cup with suction mask: suitable for patients with upper limb tremor or low coordination.
(3) Special type of knife: When the finger strength is weak and it is impossible to press the back of the knife with the palm of your finger, you have to use your whole hand and arm to cut the knife. This kind of knife can also be used when cutting vegetables in the kitchen.
(1) Inverted "T" saw blade: Use increased vertical pressure and saw blade to overcome cutting difficulties.
(2) I-shaped rocking cutter: not only can you use the force of pressing down, but you can also use the force of rocking to both sides to cut.
(3) L-shaped knife: you can hold the handle by hand and shake it (Figure 3-3-7).
(4) Saw blade: With the strength of hands and arms and the advantages of saw blade, cutting difficulties can be overcome.
2. Dressing self-help tool (1) Dressing stick: There is an L-shaped hook at the end of the stick, which can pull up the clothes to be worn or pull down the clothes to be taken off.
(2) Fastener: It consists of a traveler and a handle. When in use, hold the handle. First, the traveler passes through the button hole and covers the button, then the traveler is pulled out of the button hole together with the button, and finally the traveler is separated from the button to complete the buckling action.
(Figure 3-3-8)
(3) Zipper ring: it is a ring inserted into the zipper hole, and the patient can pull the zipper by putting his finger in the ring, which is suitable for patients with poor finger grasping function.
(4) Self-help by wearing socks: it is an elastic plastic sheet with a narrow bottom and a wide top, and the edge of the wide mouth is tied with two belts. When in use, the plastic sheet is wound around the sock from the narrow mouth to the wide mouth, and the foot is inserted from the wide mouth. When the foot enters the sock, the plastic sheet is pulled out to complete the sock-wearing action (Figure 3-3-9).
(5) Self-help tools for tying shoelaces
3. Self-help appliances for decoration and decoration
(1) mirror comb self-help tool
(1) A comb with a lengthened handle and bent at a certain angle is suitable for patients with limited shoulder and elbow joints who can't reach their heads (Figure 3-3- 10).
2) Patients can use a mirror with an extended handle to check the integrity of their skin.
3) The handle of the mirror is made of a serpentine tube, and there is a C-shaped clip on the handle, which is convenient for the patient to grasp and the angle can be adjusted according to the patient's needs.
4) Comb inserted in the universal sleeve: suitable for patients with poor finger grasping function and unable to hold the comb.
(2) Self-help tool for cleaning and hygiene 1) Toothbrush inserted in the universal cuff: it is suitable for patients with poor finger grasping function who can't hold the toothbrush.
2) Nail clipper with base: suitable for patients whose fingers can't close together or whose palm-to-palm strength is weak. Press the nail clipper with your palm or wrist to finish nail cutting. The base is fixed on the table with suction cups (Figure 3-3- 1 1).
(3) "C" handle electric shaver: It is suitable for patients with poor finger grasping function and unable to hold the shaver firmly.
(4) The self-service fetching device is suitable for patients with mobility difficulties, such as patients who can't get out of bed or can't leave a wheelchair. The commonly used fetching device has a trigger control handle at one end and a fork clip at the other end. When the control handle is pulled, the clamp at the other end is closed, so that the required articles can be grasped and the length can be selected according to the needs of patients (Figure 3-3- 12).
4. Toilet self-service equipment
(1) Anal stimulator, which is used to stimulate the anus to cause defecation when defecation dysfunction occurs, and its top end is inserted with an anal embolus.
(2) The toilet paper holder is a special metal clip, which is convenient for patients with poor upper limb mobility to clean the perineum with toilet paper.
(3) Easy-to-open catheter forceps can open the catheter with less force by using the lever principle.
(4) Lifting toilet, it is difficult for patients with lower limbs weakness or the elderly and infirm to stand up after sedentary. When using this toilet to stand, you can press the cross bars on both sides of the toilet with both upper limbs, and the seat ring will be lifted, which is helpful for patients to stand and leave the toilet.
5. Bathing self-help appliances
(1) The U-shaped back brush is a sponge brush or a brush with a handle and an extended angle, which is used to brush the back that is difficult to brush (Figure 3-3- 13).
(2) For patients who have difficulty in taking a bath, you can use a special bath chair or bath bed, which is made of plastic and stainless steel, with a hole in the middle of the seat or a fence. With the help of the water temperature control valve, the patient can operate the faucet with hose with one hand to take a bath by himself.
If there is no special bath chair, put anti-slip mats in the bathtub and stick solid handrails inside and outside the pool.
(3) Wheelchairs for showers
Step 6 read and write self-help tools
(1) Page-turning device: It consists of a C-shaped clip and a pencil with a rubber head, and it can turn pages through the wrist.
For patients with inflexible hand function and difficulty in turning books, it is helpful to put half a rubber finger sleeve on the index finger to turn books.
(2) Typing self-help device: it is made by inserting a rubber-tipped pencil with a "C" clip when the fingers are inflexible or weak (Figure 3-3- 14).
(3) Use a table tennis bold pen.
(4) For the plastic pen holder, insert the thumb and forefinger of the pen into the corresponding holes respectively (Figure 3-3- 15).
(5) A pen container which is convenient for keeping fingers in the palm position (Figure 3-3- 16)
(6) Bed reading shelf: a shelf that can hold books up in front of bedridden patients from both sides of the bed for bedridden patients to read; Patients can also wear diamond-shaped glasses for long-term bedridden patients to read. These patients look up at the ceiling with their eyes, which makes it difficult for them to read and watch TV. Through the principle of prism refraction, this kind of mirror can let patients see the TV and other things placed at the foot of the bed.
7. Communication self-help tools
(1) The telephone with C-clip is suitable for patients who have difficulty grasping and can't hold the receiver.
(2) a microphone supported by a serpentine tube
(3) Dialer: It is suitable for patients with difficulty in dialing due to inflexible fingers.
8. Kitchen self-help appliances
(1) Special chopping board and vertical nails are used to fix vegetables such as potatoes and onions, and some edges are equipped with right-angle baffles to prevent vegetables from slipping out (Figure 3-3- 17).
(2) The brush fixed on the wall of the washing pool is suitable for patients with only one hand to fix the brush with negative pressure sucker on the wall of the washing pool, so that the action of washing potatoes, cucumbers and other fruits can be conveniently completed with one hand (Figure 3-3- 18).
(3) Bottle opener, with anti-skid pads on the top and bottom, suitable for patients with weakened grip strength (such as patients with peripheral nerve injury SCI) (Figure 3-3- 19).
(4) pot holder: to prevent the pot from moving when stirring (Figure 3-3-20)
(5) water pourer
9. Mobile self-service tools
(1) The conveying plate is made of hard material, such as wood or glass fiber, and is placed between two conveying surfaces during the conveying process.
(2) The rope ladder is fixed at the end of the bed to assist the posture change from supine position to sitting position.
10. Entertainment self-help tool (1) The common card holder is a wooden bracket with a strip groove. When in use, the card is inserted into the groove, which is suitable for patients with poor hand grip and unable to hold playing cards.
(2) Gardening self-help tools (Figure 3-3-2 1)
1 1. Common self-help tools for quadriplegia
(1) Mouth stick and head stick: The mouth stick is a wooden stick or an aluminum alloy stick, one end of which is provided with a bite for the mouth to bite, and the other end is provided with a plurality of replaceable joints, such as a rubber head for turning pages with a pencil and a writing brush, which can be placed on a shelf when not in use, and quadriplegic patients can touch various keys with the mouth stick to turn pages, write and draw pictures. The head stick is made of a stick fixed on the head and extending forward and downward. The structure of the stick end is the same as that of the mouth stick, and its purpose is the same.
(2) Environmental Control System (ECS) is a central control system to help severely disabled patients selectively control and use household appliances or other equipment. It can control the lights, telephones, radios, televisions, electric doors, electric beds and electric curtains in the surrounding environment by touching various buttons through finger breathing (through straws). It is suitable for patients with quadriplegia who can use head stick or mouth stick, or patients with poor finger function who can only touch keys. Occupational therapists are responsible for evaluating and selecting environmental control systems and training patients. In the environmental control system, the connection between the contact and the terminal equipment can be wireless or wired.
Figure 3-3-7
Figure 3-3-8
Figure 3-3-9
Figure 3-3- 10
Figure 3-3- 1 1
Figure 3-3- 12
Figure 3-3- 13
Figure 3-3- 14
Figure 3-3- 15. 16
Figure 3-3- 17
Figure 3-3- 18
Figure 3-3- 19.20
Figure 3-3-2 1