The simple recovery method is as follows:
1, classification
Smash the recycled waste battery, peel off the zinc shell and bottom iron of the battery, take out the copper cap and graphite rod, and the remaining black substance is a mixture of manganese dioxide and ammonium chloride as the battery core. Some useful substances can be obtained after centralized collection and treatment. Its graphite rod should be cleaned and dried before being used as an electrode.
Step 2 make zinc particles
Clean the peeled zinc shell, put it into a cast iron pot, heat and melt it for 2 hours, remove the upper scum, pour it out, cool it, drop it on the iron plate, and get zinc particles after solidification.
Step 3: recycle copper sheets
After flattening the copper cap, clean it with hot water, then add a certain amount of 10% sulfuric acid to boil for 30 minutes, remove the surface oxide layer, take it out, clean it, and dry it in the air to get the copper sheet. ?
4. Recover ammonium chloride
Putting the black substance into a cylinder, adding warm water at 60 DEG C, stirring for 65,438+/-0 hours, completely dissolving ammonium chloride in water, standing, filtering, washing the filter residue with water twice, and collecting mother liquor; Vacuum distilling the mother liquor until a white crystalline film appears on the surface, cooling and filtering to obtain ammonium chloride crystals, and recycling the mother liquor.
5. Recover manganese dioxide
Washing the filtered filter residue with water for three times, filtering, evaporating the filter cake in a pot to remove a small amount of carbon and other organic matters, fully stirring in water for 30 minutes, filtering, and drying the filter cake at100-1/0℃ to obtain black manganese dioxide.
Extended data:
Waste batteries contain toxic substances such as mercury, cadmium, lead and zinc. If people are poisoned by mercury, it will damage the central nervous system and the mortality rate is as high as 40%. The main harm of cadmium is nephrotoxicity, and it can also cause "pain" (causing osteoporosis, rickets and fractures), and it is also a carcinogen; Eating lead-containing food will affect the synthesis of enzymes and normal heme, and affect the nervous system;
Within one month of landfill treatment, the metal shell of waste batteries will be corroded and perforated, and harmful substances in waste batteries will enter the soil and water, causing environmental pollution. According to the test of environmental experts, if 6 tons of domestic garbage is mixed with a mercury-containing battery.
After these wastes are buried, the mercury concentration in the soil will exceed the safety standard; If waste batteries are mixed with domestic garbage and enter the incineration plant, mercury, cadmium and other metals in them will be gasified and discharged into the atmosphere at high temperature, polluting the atmospheric environment and affecting human health.
Mercury and cadmium in the battery will not leak out and cause harm during normal use.
Cadmium is an element that the human body does not need. Cadmium in human body is accumulated from the external environment through respiratory tract and digestive tract after birth. The clinical manifestations of chronic poisoning are emphysema, bone changes and anemia.
Japan has found that some areas suffer from painful diseases (bone pain) due to long-term consumption of contaminated rice and water with high cadmium content. The main lesion is osteomalacia, and the pain starts from the lower limbs and then spreads to the whole body until bedridden.
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