1. Soil conditions: flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep and fertile soil layer, suitable soil structure, good physical and chemical properties, suitable for sand farming, with non-Liliaceae vegetables as the top crop.
2. Seedling raising: select varieties with full seeds, no impurities, no pests, cold resistance, insect resistance, heat resistance, strong tillering ability and good appearance and internal quality. 5-6 kilograms of seeds can be used per mu of nursery land, and 6-7 mu can be transplanted into the field. Seed treatment. Dry seeds can be used for direct seeding (mainly in spring). In Guangzhou, the seeds are sown in10-1February and transplanted in March-April, or the seeds can be soaked in warm water at 40℃ for 12 hours to remove the seeds and impurities, and then the mucus on the seeds is washed to accelerate germination. Wrap the soaked seeds with wet cloth and put them at 16-20℃ to accelerate germination. Rinse with clean water 1-2 times a day, and sow when more than 60% of the seeds are exposed. Soil preparation and fertilization. The seedbed should be Gao Qian plot with dry irrigation and waterlogging drainage, and sandy loam should be selected. Before sowing, deep ploughing, shallow ploughing and fine harrowing should be carried out, and the ridge, ridge height 12- 14 cm and ridge width 100 cm should be leveled.
3. Sowing: step on the furrow (border) once, step firmly, water along the furrow (border), mix 2-3 times of sand in the furrow after water permeates, cover it with fine soil, cover it with film or straw after sowing, and remove the bed cover when 70% seedlings are unearthed. Water and fertilizer management after sowing. Water once 2-3 days before emergence, keep the soil surface moist, and water once every 7 days from full seedling to seedling height 16 cm, combined with watering, to prevent waterlogging in high wet rainy season. After beginning of autumn, water and topdressing twice, and apply 4 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer per mu each time. Generally, harvesting is not carried out before planting to promote the health of seedlings and roots. When it gets cold, you should stop watering. In addition, weeding should be done in time.
4. Planting: seedling stage 120 days, seedlings with 7-9 leaves, when the plant height reaches 18-20 cm. When planting, stagger the high temperature and high humidity seasons. The main planting methods are: single plant close planting, small cluster close planting, small ridge cluster planting, wide ridge big kneading and so on. Take out leek seedlings, cut off the tip of fibrous roots, leave 2-3 cm to promote the development of new roots, and then cut off a section of leaves to reduce leaf evaporation and maintain the balance between root absorption and leaf evaporation. The plant spacing is 10×20CM, and 8- 10 plants are planted in each hole; Or 30-36× 20 cm, planting 20-30 plants in each hole, and planting deep without burying tillering nodes.
5. Water and fertilizer management: Three days after planting, water twice, and hoe the seedlings 2-3 times in time. The soil is semi-dry and semi-wet, and drainage should be done in time in rainy season. Leek has strong fertilizer tolerance. Before planting, plough deeply (2 meters per pit) and apply sufficient decomposed base fertilizer, and apply 2000 kilograms per mu. The fertilization principle is that organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are used together, and the ratio is not less than 1: 1. Fertilization should be based on the growth, weather and soil moisture, and the principle of light application and diligent application should be adopted. Seedling height should be less than 35 cm, and 500 kg of 2% compound fertilizer water should be applied per mu. When the seedling height is above 35cm, 800kg of 3% decomposed manure and 5kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, and the dilution ratio is increased when the weather is dry.
A small amount of chives can be harvested 45 days after planting. At that time, the emphasis was on "cultivating roots and strengthening seedlings", and the early morning harvest was suitable. Mixed sowing of coriander or other leafy vegetables in the early stage of planting can reduce the temperature and increase the income.
6. Cultivation of leek yellow: Most of the newly planted leeks were not harvested in that year, and the next year was the season of abundance, mainly leek green and leek flowers. Leek green can be harvested every year, and it should be cultivated, fertilized and ridged every time. If it is planned to soften leek yellow, the time for harvesting leek green will be extended by 7 days. There are many cultivation methods of leek, and most of them adopt local softening method. In this method, a special circular ceramic tile cylinder with a height of 30-40 cm and a diameter of 15-20 cm is used. At present, Chinese chives are covered with cement products for shading, and the cylinder head is covered on the cylinder cover during the day and ventilated at night. Before softening, intertillage and weeding, heavy fertilization and topdressing, and soil cultivation and insect prevention. Softening time, 7-8 days in summer; Winter is 10- 12 days. In the third year, there is more than one green and one yellow.
7. Cultivation of leek flowers: (1) Strengthen fertilizer and water management: leek flowers are planted on May 5- 10/0 of the following year. In order to meet the nutrient demand of continuous stem picking of leek flowers, 30 kilograms of imported potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and in addition, 65,438+is applied once per mu from March to June. In the off-season, fertilizer can be applied once every half month, and 30 kilograms of imported potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be applied every mu; In order to meet the demand of leek flowers for phosphorus and calcium, phosphate fertilizer is applied once a quarter, with an area of 70kg/mu, and lime is applied 1-2 times a year, with an area of 80-100kg/mu. Spray water after each fertilization to prevent fertilizer from being damaged. Leek flowers are afraid of waterlogging, and avoid waterlogging. Drainage should be done in time after rain. In case of drought, water them thoroughly or irrigate them with "horse racing water" to keep them moist but not accumulate water. Sufficient water, partial nitrogen or lack of potassium and calcium are all easy to cause the flower stem to go through the heart.
(2) Pay attention to soil cultivation: Because leek has the characteristics of jumping roots, soil cultivation can not be ignored. Before winter (after flower bud differentiation in winter), a large area of soil cultivation should be carried out in combination with the application of overwintering fertilizer (30 kg imported compound fertilizer per mu) to promote growth, so that plants can accumulate more nutrients for normal bolting in the coming year. Small-scale soil cultivation of 1-2 can be carried out in a planned way at ordinary times. The soil should be cultivated in sunny days, and the roots of plants with weathered topsoil on the ground should be cultivated (immature deep soil is not suitable). When cultivating the soil, close the spreading leaves with your hands and cultivate the soil. This measure can not only prevent lodging, but also improve ventilation and light transmission in the field.
(3) Intertillage and weeding, timely thinning: During the growth of leeks, the climate is mild and rainy, and weeds are easy to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to intertillage and weed, hoe the topsoil and raise the soil temperature, so as to support roots and plant trees. Yellow leaves and dead leaves are often removed and concentrated outside the field to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission. However, it is not suitable to cut seedlings with a knife, otherwise it will affect the future plant growth and nutrient accumulation, and also have a certain impact on the yield of flower moss. When plants are enclosed, if it is found that too many trees affect the normal growth of plants, they should be thinned in time. In order not to interfere with normal production, thinning is generally carried out in the off-season of harvest (generally, thinning is not needed in the first year and the first half of the second year after planting).