By 20 12, in addition to Xinchang Town Health Center, each village has 2 health clinics, 8 clinics and 26 village doctors (formerly "barefoot doctors"). In the first year of you in the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1086), Shi Li Qu Shiyan tried out camp-based meaning. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were private schools run by the government in addition to private schools. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty (1875 ~ 1908), Xinchang Town opened five primary schools successively. During the Republic of China, Xinchang Town successively opened Daming Girls' School, Zhao Nan Primary School, Pu Zuo Primary School, Xinchang Town No.1 Central Ethnic School and No.2 Central Ethnic School. Early childhood education in Xinchang area began in the Republic of China. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), junior high school classes were attached to Tiecheng primary and secondary schools, which was the beginning of junior high school education in Xinchang town.
After liberation, the school carried out the educational policy of all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique, and various schools such as middle school, primary school, preschool education and adult education developed. From 65438 to 0958, Xinchang Town began to have high school education. From 65438 to 0978, Xinchang Town formed a complete education system for children, primary schools, middle schools and adults. By 20 12, there were two kindergartens in Xinchang town (Xinchang town kindergarten and Xinchang town stalagmite central kindergarten), 16 class, with 595 children and 58 educators. There are 2 primary schools (Xinchang Town Primary School and Xinchang Town Stalagmite Central Primary School) with 43 classes, with students 18 12 and faculty 170. There are 2 middle schools (Xinchang Middle School and Xinchang Town Stalagmite Junior Middle School), 32 classes, 1897 students and 2 18 faculty members. Adult secondary cultural and technical school 1 institute, with 7 teachers. The popularization rate of nine-year compulsory education in Xinchang Town is 99.60%. The child climbed onto the latch.
According to the New Town Chronicle edited by Lu Defu, local residents have the custom of "climbing the latch" on the first day of the first month. Speaking of "On the first day of the New Year, children get up early to climb bolts", there is a folk story. After the story spread, people living in coastal areas consciously guided their children to climb the latch when they learned to walk, and then let them exercise climbing trees, swimming and rowing when they grew up, and learn some self-defense skills. Over time, it has become a folk custom of coastal people in the form of "On the first day of the New Year, children climb the door". Of course, later generations have different meanings of "On the first day of the New Year, children climb the latch", hoping that children can grow up day by day, get healthier and better in the future, and take the meaning of "increasing day by day".
The custom of "becoming attached to the god of wealth" has been popular since the Ming Dynasty. The reception of the God of Wealth in Xinchang area was also held on the fourth night of the Lunar New Year. On this night, the merchants lit candles, arranged incense tables, greeted the god of wealth and prayed for blessing. The boss burned incense in turn to worship and hung red live carp above the incense table to win the favor of "red carp (profit) has fish (profit)" And entertain guests to drink the wine of the god of wealth. If you don't arrange for the clerk to kowtow and worship, and it's not your turn to eat the wine of the god of wealth, you will signal to pack up and stop business.
There are two gods of wealth in Xinchang town. On the fourth night of the first month, two gods of wealth were carried out of the temple. The Golden-faced God of Wealth entered Xinchang Street from Guojia Temple via Qian Qiu Bridge and Hongtong Street to the south, and the White-faced God of Wealth entered Yang Shen Temple from Qinglong Daoyuan to the north via Minjiawan. According to the scheduled time, the two roads of the God of Wealth were in the North Temple and the South Temple respectively, and they walked in the opposite direction at the same time. A "living God of Wealth" wearing a robe of God of Wealth acts as a guide, and a "porter" (that is, a porter) carries the wealth Buddha. Then, every time the store door opens, the bosses compete to pick up the god of wealth and set off firecrackers (that is, to promote prosperity) for a year.
Lantern Festival Lantern Festival has always been very influential in Xinchang Town. At that time, homemade lanterns will be hung at the entrance of Sanlichang Street, including Kuixing Lantern, Dragon and Phoenix Lantern, Zodiac Lantern, Temple Flagpole Tower Lantern, Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea Lantern and the Monkey King Lantern in Journey to the West. These lanterns reflect traditional and classical operas. There are not only octagonal lights with geometric figures, multi-layer rotating lanterns, but also fish scale shrimp and crab aquarium lights that introduce Nanhui marine culture and are vivid. In addition to static hanging lanterns, there are dynamic dragon dancing lanterns (that is, dragon dancing).
After the Lantern Festival in 2006, Jiefang Daily published a story about the size of dried tofu, and Xinchang Town held a folk tradition of welcoming the chef with Lantern Festival. A little news attracted tens of thousands of people to watch. On that day, Xinchang Town Street starts from Hongqiao in the north and reaches Baoqiao Street in the south. In front of the parade, gongs and drums are loud, and the "Kitchen God" is ushered in. In the middle, the curtain of "Welcome to the Kitchen God on the fifteenth day of the first month" is played, followed by playing the bamboo and bamboo in the south of the Yangtze River. The Lantern Festival meets the Kitchen God, which has not been seen for many years, has attracted tens of thousands of tourists.
Charcoal fire stall "Charcoal fire stall" originated from "crossing the fire" in the Tang and Song Dynasties, which means that villagers make a fire with firewood and then make it into "jumping fire" or "crossing the fire", which means that the fire is prosperous; Another meaning is to drive away evil spirits. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it spread here, and at the time of the full moon, it evolved into a folk custom of "making money into the land to sweep away poverty".
Tomb-Sweeping Day Flying Kites During the outing in Tomb-Sweeping Day, many parents accompanied their children to fly kites in the fields, which the locals called "flying kites". Flying a kite is a primitive aircraft with a long history. Judging from the "kite frame" collected by Xinchang Guzhen Company from local people, its history is at least in the Qing Dynasty. In this folk custom, before liberation, small-sized "butterfly harriers" and "bird harriers" were generally released by peasant children, and small-sized harriers were generally released with sole lines. Most children from wealthy families release large-scale "Banmen Harriers" and "Centipede Harriers", regardless of size. In the past, some villages folded kites and put them in the center of the living room. First, a kite offering ceremony was held, and Taibao calligraphers were invited to sing Taibao, and then kites were released.
Baihua Birthday On the 12th day of the second lunar month, Baihua Birthday, local slang people have the traditional habit of offering sacrifices to the god of flowers. In the past, they would tie lanterns to worship the flower god. Today's flower bonsai exhibition is called Xinfeng. Xinchang slang people have a traditional "February 12th Hundred Flowers Birthday". Xinchang people have always had the custom of planting bonsai around the "Hundred Flowers Birthday", so the cultural department follows the trend and respects local traditions. In the 1990s, Nanhui County Cultural Bureau awarded Xinchang Town the title of "Hometown of Flower Bonsai". So far, Xinchang has a flower bonsai association, which organizes related activities every year at the Flower Festival.
Yang She wrote between the lines in "Guangxu Nanhui County Chronicles and Customs" that Yang Jisheng, an honest official in People's Republic of China (PRC), was framed and imprisoned by Yan Song after exposing Yan Song's top ten crimes. Yang Jisheng turned black with anger. After Yan Song's top ten crimes were exposed, Yang Jisheng was rehabilitated. Xinchang people specially trained Yangshe to commemorate their backbone, and made the black face a god. On March 28th every year, they would make sacrifices, sing Taibao on the ancient stage across the street, and hold social sacrifices. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, on March 28th every year, the Li people specially invited the Taibao painter Xu monk from Xinnan Township to take the stage to rap, which became a folk custom of offering sacrifices to the gods and entertaining the people.
Water Dragon Club "Water Dragon Club" was originally a folk dragon dance custom in Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as "Dragon Boat Festival". With the west wind spreading eastward, new fire fighting equipment "water gun" and "water pump" appeared on the beach. So people usually call it "School Yang Long". This custom continued until the early years of the Republic of China. Xinchang Town set up four fire zones, which were located in Minjiawan, Zhongnan Street, Qiujia Lane, Zhongbei Street, Pailou Lane and Hongtong Teahouse Lane. On May 20th of the lunar calendar, Xinchang Town Chamber of Commerce initiated the organization of Water Dragon Club.
In the past, in Xinchang town, on June 24, lotus lanterns were lit in the post-market river from Nanshan Temple to North Street for the Water-splashing Festival. By then, the river in the aftermarket will be brightly lit, like a hose and a pearl on the water. According to Shen Shenyuan and Wang Yuzhou in Talking about Xinye, the wind spread to Xinye and became a kind of "Lotus Lantern Festival". Another family said that this custom came from the Ming Dynasty, when the coastal new city, Shaolin monks and soldiers came to reinforce and lit lights in the river in the aftermarket, which formed the power of "changing arowana overnight" and feared the Japanese pirates. The water-splashing festival held by the villagers is not only a psychological consciousness of praying for God and protecting Thailand, but also a concept of preparing for war for the villagers to defend their hometown.
The time of offering sacrifices to the drug king was earlier than the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. In the folk custom of Xinchang Town, there is a custom of offering sacrifices to the King of Medicine on June 24th. On June 24th, Xinchang residents got together and went to Wang Yao Temple and Leizu Temple in Dongyue Temple to pay homage to the statue of Wang Yao, and then invited Taibao calligraphers to rap and entertain. People in the village offered sacrifices to Yao Wang, asking him not only to bless the prosperity of the pharmaceutical industry, but also to bless the health of ordinary people.
Sacrifice to Lu Ban On the seventh day of July every year, mud carpenters in Pudong gather at the Lubange Club in Hongxi Street, Xinchang to sacrifice to Lu Ban. Speaking of Lu Ban, he was a carpenter during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, because of the widespread use of iron, carpentry was more useful. Others can build houses, make chariots and transport ships, but Luban is world-famous because he can create and build Zhao Zhouqiao. People all praise him as an original architect. Therefore, every year on July 7th, masons gather in Luban Pavilion to offer sacrifices to Luban, praising the Chinese virtues of Luban's exquisite craftsmanship and building a bridge for the people. He is not only a place to worship ancestors in folk beliefs, but also a place to learn skills from teachers. At that time, the masons will invite Taibao painters and calligraphers to rap folk stories for their ears after the memorial ceremony.
Gong Yan Temple dedicated to Pinglang is located in the north of Hongqiao in Xinchang Town. It turned out that the Xinye Salt Merchant Cheng of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty was named "Pinglanghou" as a place of folk sacrifice because of his meritorious service in governing the Yellow River.
On July 30th, the shore sacrifice was the birthday of the Tibetan King and Bodhisattva. It is said that this night is the time for the Tibetan King and Bodhisattva to open their eyes. Every household in Xinchang area planted rows of wooden sticks on their own eaves, street eaves and water splashing places to illuminate the eyes of the Tibetan king. Children will also light incense on eggplant and make eggplant lanterns.
Mid-Autumn Festival is a custom all over the country, and Xinchang area is more distinctive than other areas. On this day, in addition to eating moon cakes, setting reunion wine, eating edamame and taro, there are also incense in the courtyard, offering sacrifices to heaven and earth and Ramadan Palace. "Xiang Dou" originated from the worship ceremony in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and then spread among the people. memorial archway
Erpin Square: Located in Nanbei Street, it was built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and was ordered to be built by Qing Zhu of Taichang Temple. The archway has three doors, four columns and five floors. It is magnificent and beautifully carved. Zhu Jiazu was named "Shi San Er Pin Fang" because he was once the official capital of Sun San, and was once called "the first memorial arch in the south of the Yangtze River" to praise his achievements.
Stalagmite archway: located in the north-south direction of Xinchang Street. In ancient times, the new field was still a beach. The ancestors laid stone piles in the west of Baoqiao Port to resist the impact of the tide. In the future, when they came to dig a harbor for dredging, stone piles appeared like bamboo shoots, so they were called "stalagmite beach" and later changed to "stalagmite lane" to set up a memorial archway.
arch bridge
Jiabao Bridge: It crosses Baoqiao Port and connects Dongheng Port and Houjing River. Founded in the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (1443), it was built by Shen Shen, an imperial doctor, to facilitate people's exchanges, also known as the Gratitude Bridge. Hongfu Bridge: Located at the intersection of North Street, Hongxi Street and Hongdong Street, it was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the 47th year of Qingganlong (1783). It is one of the well-preserved ancient bridges in the ancient town. There is a geomantic stone embedded in the center of the bridge. It is said that stepping on feng shui stones will bring good luck. Qian Qiu Bridge: It was built in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty (1662 ~ 1722), located at the eastern end of Hongdong Street and across Donghenggang. 1983 has been renovated and is in good condition at present. The bridge is engraved with blessing words to persuade people to be kind. Listed as a cultural relics protection unit. Zhangzhai: Located at No.271Xinchang Street, it was built in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, covering an area of 403 square meters, and is a courtyard with four entrances. The facade room is Sibu Village of Zhang Xinchang, and the decorative style of the instrument door, hall and cloister is exquisite and unique. Houdai is a gray tile bungalow built in the late Qing Dynasty. There is an saddle water bridge by the river, and a household bridge connecting Zhang Garden on the other side (now abandoned). Old streets-residential buildings-small bridges and flowing water-private gardens, this living mode is unique to the new land. On May 29th, 2002, Zhang's former residence was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Nanhui District.
Hu Guiqing House: Located at No.64 Hongdong Street, it was built in 19 of the Republic of China (193 1). There are two entrances, and the mansion is exquisitely carved and the pattern is complete. There are two-story eaves along the street, six-color wooden doors are tall, and there is an instrument door inside, which reads "Yong Yi Xiong". The generation of "Yong" and "Yi" are like brothers, helping each other from generation to generation.
Jia Qiantang: Jia Qiantang is located in Hongdong Street 122 Lane, which is divided into East Hall and West Hall. It was built in the late Ming Dynasty. This is a house with four entrances and three bays. The front door of the hall is beautifully carved. This is the oldest preserved woodcarving ornament in the ancient town.
Lushiwu: This is Lushiwu, which was built in the early years of the Republic of China and has three bedrooms. Walking through this alley, you can see an instrument door. The latch on the instrument door is made of bronze. It has been preserved as good as new for nearly a hundred years, and it is the best preserved couple in Xinchang Town, which is extremely rare. Nanshan Temple: Built in the 10th year of Yuan Dade, with a building area of more than 2,000 square meters, it has three main halls. It's well preserved now. Two ginkgo trees in the temple have a history of more than 700 years and have not been listed as cultural relics protection units.
Dongyue Temple, also known as Guojia Temple, is located in the northeast corner of Xinchang Town. The original temple was built in the 16th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 18) by Guo.
Church of Jesus: Located at No.37 Donghou Old Street, it was built at 1949, and it is a traditional western-style church. The walls are clear water red bricks, the Chekarika steel roof truss, and the windows are slender pointed arch three-petal flower windows, which are quite distinctive in the Church of Jesus in Shanghai. It is listed as a cultural relic protection unit. The history of stone revetment in Xinchang Town can be traced back to the Song Dynasty, and it has been 800 years. Xinchang has 6000m stone revetment, of which1.500m belongs to Ming, Qing and Republic of China. The role of Anshui Bridge (water port) is to facilitate the docking of ships, so as to load and unload goods and personnel. The saddle water bridge in the ancient town has different shapes because of the different surrounding environment.
Revetment: Baojiaqiao Port, Hongqiao Port and Xingang in Xinchang Town are surrounded by Sanchenghe Street, with rippling blue waves. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, long stone revetments were built on both sides of Chenghe River. The revetment is about 3 meters high from the river, elegant, solid and simple, rich in the characteristics of Jiangnan water town. There is a 3600-meter stone revetment today. Listed as a cultural relics protection unit.
Water bridge (saddle-shaped): A saddle-shaped water bridge built by the rich along the Chenghe River, which is a twin brother with the stone revetment. The water bridge is beautifully built, and the ship stone is chiseled with fine dark eight immortals. There are still 20 saddle-shaped water bridges. Shanghai cultural relics experts call it the "cultural relics at home" of the bridge. Listed as a cultural relics protection unit.