Tomato fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in flavor. It can be eaten raw, cooked and processed into tomato sauce, juice or canned whole fruit. Tomato is one of the most widely planted fruits and vegetables in the world. This is the soilless tomato planted in the greenhouse I carefully decorated for you. Let's have a look.

Soilless culture of tomato in greenhouse

1 facility conditions

Install soilless culture system in greenhouse, including culture tank, irrigation facilities and culture substrate.

1. 1 cultivation tank: 80cm in the north and 30cm in the south of the greenhouse. The north-south aquaculture pond is made of brick, with an inner diameter of 48cm wide and a pond frame of 24cm high. Bricks should be tiled, with a groove spacing of 72cm. Spread a plastic film with a thickness of 0. 1mm on the tank base, and press the edge of the film with a top brick, with a thickness of 3cm. Or directly wrap the substrate with a strong plastic film.

1.2 irrigation facilities: an independent irrigation system is built in a single greenhouse, and automatic drip irrigation equipment is adopted. Plastic pipes can be used for the drip irrigation belt in the main pipeline and the cultivation tank in the greenhouse, and the drip irrigation belt in the tank is 1? 2, and covered with 0.65438±0mm thick narrow plastic film.

1.3 cultivation substrate: the organic substrate can be corn stalk, mushroom residue, sawdust, etc. The inorganic matrix can be sand or slag, such as coal gangue, sawdust and corn stalk, and the mixing ratio is 1:2:2. Before use 15 days, pile the substrate with a thickness of 25 cm, spray it wet, cover the film and sterilize it, then add 2 kg of organic soilless culture special fertilizer to each square meter of substrate, sterilize chicken manure 10 kg, mix well and fill the tank.

2 Seedling raising and field planting

2. 1 Variety selection: there is no strict requirement for tomato variety selection in organic ecological substrate cultivation, and varieties with high yield, disease resistance and good quality should be selected according to the consumption habits of local residents.

2.2 Cultivation season and stubble arrangement: Tomato with organic ecological substrate can be cultivated in sunlight greenhouse and plastic greenhouse, and can be cultivated in early spring, late autumn and winter. Sow in late October and late March in early spring stubble 65438+1; Sow in late July and early September after autumn stubble; Seeding in winter and spring1late October 165438+ and sowing in late February.

2.3 Seedling raising and field planting: artificial soilless plug seedling raising method is adopted. Mix the seedling substrate with peat and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 2: 1, then add 10 kg to the mixed substrate according to 1 m3, bake in chicken manure and mix evenly. Water the substrate, sow after water seepage, each hole 1 grain, directly sow the dry seeds, and cover the seedling substrate with a thickness of 0.5 cm after sowing. Before eclosion, the temperature was kept at 25? 30℃, the temperature after emergence is 20 ~ 25℃ during the day and 10~ 15℃ at night. The seedling tray should be kept moist. When 3 ~ 4 real leaves grow, they can be planted out of the tray for about 30 days. Before planting, the cultivation substrate should be leveled and watered 1 time to make the substrate fully absorb water. After seepage, the substrate was planted in two rows in each trough, so that the substrate was slightly higher than the seedling hill, with a spacing of 30 cm, and 3 000 plants were planted per mu. Water it after planting.

3 cultivation management

3. 1 fertilizer and water management: topdressing starts 20 days after planting, and then topdressing every 10 day, and each plant is applied with 10 ~ 15g special fertilizer; Topdressing once after 7 days, with 25 grams of special fertilizer applied to each plant each time. Fertilizer should be evenly spread 5 cm away from the roots so that it can penetrate into the matrix with water. In addition, carbon dioxide gas fertilizer can also be applied in the shed. Generally, water it every 5 days after planting.

3.2 Temperature and light management: after planting, the indoor temperature is 22 ~ 25℃ during the day and 10 ~ 15℃ at night. 25 ~ 28℃ during the day and 12C at night after fruit setting.

3.3 vine pruning: seedlings with 6? When the leaves are 7, hang the vines with polypropylene plastic rope. The upper part of the rope is fixed on the scaffolding wire, and the lower part is tied on the pole base. Stems and vines are wrapped around hanging ropes and keep growing upright. When pruning, only the growth results of the main shaft are kept, and all the side branches in the leaf axils are removed, and the length of the side branches is 10? 15cm.

3.4 flower protection and fruit thinning: dip the flowers with 10 ~ 15 mg/kg 2.4-D solution at 7 ~ 9 am to improve the fruit setting rate. In order to ensure the large size and high quality of fruits, 3 ~ 4 fruits should be left per plant, and the remaining flowers and fruits should be thinned out in time.

Prevention and treatment of physiological diseases

Tomato growth mainly needs the following physiological diseases: 4. 1 Umbilical rot (black navel): at the early stage of fruit development, between coloring, the top of the fruit centered on the bottom of the stigma turns dark green in water at first, and then fades or even fades black, but it does not rot and sinks inward. The damaged fruit changes color quickly, but it has no commercial value.

Prevention and control measures: apply more organic fertilizer, reasonably mix it when nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are too high, not too much nitrogen fertilizer, and properly apply more calcium fertilizer to avoid the soil being too dry or too wet. Acidic soil can be adjusted with lime (250 ~ 100 kg per 667 square meters). In addition, leaves and fruits can be sprayed with 0.5% calcium chloride aqueous solution every 10 day, twice in a row. Three times.

4.2 Umbilical fissure: At the early stage of fruit development, the pericarp of the fruit is irregularly cracked, and placental tissue and seeds are exposed. With the expansion of the fruit, the position of umbilical fissure also increases.

Preventive measures, we should choose low-temperature tolerant varieties to prevent the temperature from being too low when the flower buds divide. The daily temperature should be above 20℃ and the night temperature should be above 10℃.

4.3 hollow fruit (hollow fruit): the development between the peel and the inside of the fruit is unbalanced, that is, the embryo seat of the fruit is poorly developed, and a cavity is generated between the fruit walls. There is little pectin in the space, pectin substances are underdeveloped and there are almost no seeds.

Prevention and control measures, the application of auxin concentration should be appropriate, the method should be appropriate, and the temperature should be prevented from being too high or too low during flowering to avoid abnormal pollination and fertilization. Timely fruit thinning, strengthen water and fertilizer management, and avoid drought and water shortage.

4.4 Pointed fruit (peach-shaped fruit): Pointed fruit is a peach-shaped fruit with a protruding navel.

Prevention and control measures, the anti-falling agent or 2.4-D used for flower spraying must use different suitable concentrations according to different varieties, and during this period, there should be no drought and water shortage.

5 pest control

Agricultural control and biological control are given priority to, supplemented by chemical control. The greenhouse is equipped with insect net and ultraviolet trapping equipment. According to the number of stubbles, and sterilizing at high temperature. When using chemical control, choose pesticides with low toxicity and residue, and pay attention to the interval of safe use to ensure that the products are not contaminated by pesticides.

Beauty methods of tomatoes

1, tomato distiller's grains mask

Methods: Peel and cut tomatoes, then mash them in a mask bowl, and then pour the distiller's grains into it and stir. Apply evenly to face after cleansing, 15 minutes, then rinse with water.

Efficacy: Moisturize and whiten skin, shrink pores and make skin whiter and firmer.

2, tomato wax gourd mask

Methods: Wash tomatoes and wax gourd, peel and cut into pieces, then add cheese and put it into a juicer to make a paste. After cleansing, apply them to your face, and then wash with clean water 15 minutes.

Efficacy: Promote skin metabolism, effectively sterilize, control oil and remove acne.

3. Tomato Cleansing Mask

Methods: Wash the tomatoes, peel and cut into pieces, and put them into a juicer to make tomato juice. Just take the juice and mix it with flour, stir it evenly and apply it to your face. /kloc-Wash in 0/5 minutes.

Efficacy: It can thoroughly clean oil stains, make pores fresher, moisturize and whiten skin.

4, tomato vitamin C mask

Methods: Wash tomatoes without peeling, mash them in a mask bowl, mash vitamin tablets and honey together, then mix these materials together to make a paste, wash them and apply them to your face. 15 minutes later, wash them with clear water.

Efficacy: Clean pores, eliminate acne and make skin whiter and more delicate.

5, tomato yogurt mask

Methods: Wash and cut tomatoes into pieces, then put them into a juicer to make tomato juice, then add honey and yogurt to mix well, apply them to your face after cleansing, and then wash them.

Efficacy: Replenish moisture, prevent skin moisture loss, effectively improve dryness, and make skin appear more moist.

Articles on soilless culture of tomato in greenhouse;

1. How to cultivate tomatoes without soil?

2. Planting tomatoes in greenhouse vegetables

3. Cultivation techniques of open-air tomatoes in northern China.

4. Cultivation techniques of tomato in greenhouse in winter

5. Greenhouse vegetable planting experience