I. Opening an account 1. Open an account in a securities company, and handle the relevant procedures such as shareholder account card, fund account, online trading business and telephone trading business of Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Then, download the online trading software designated by the securities company. 2. Open a current account in the bank and deposit the funds into the bank through the bank-securities transfer business. 3. Transfer the funds from the bank to the fund account of the securities company through the online trading system or telephone trading system. 4. Buy and sell stocks through online trading system or telephone trading system. 5. The handling fee is about 100 yuan (different for each securities company). When the stock market is in a downturn, it is generally free to open an account. 6. To buy stocks, you must entrust a trading agent of a securities company, so you must open an account with a securities company. People who buy stocks are not allowed to trade directly on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. This is the same as the sale of second-hand houses, which is represented by intermediary companies. Account opening steps: opening a securities account-> opening a capital account-> Notes for handling designated transactions: 1. Be sure to open an account in person. First of all, we should open securities accounts in Shanghai and Shenzhen; Secondly, you can get a securities trading card by opening a capital account. Then, according to the regulations of Shanghai Stock Exchange, you have to handle designated transactions, and then you can buy and sell stocks in Shanghai stock market in the sales department. 2. To open a securities account, you need to hold the original and photocopy of your ID card, and to open a capital account, you also need to bring the original and photocopy of your securities account card. If you need to entrust others to operate, you need to go through the entrustment formalities with the agent (the agent must also carry my ID card). 3. One ID card can only open one securities account. If an account has been opened in another securities company, it is necessary to open an account after the securities company has gone through the formalities of canceling the designated transaction and transferring it to custody. When opening an account, you only need to open a capital account and handle the designated transaction. 2. As a shareholder, entrustment cannot directly enter the stock exchange to buy and sell stocks, but only through the members of the stock exchange, and the so-called members of the stock exchange are the usual securities operating institutions, that is, brokers. You can give orders to brokers to buy and sell stocks. This is called entrustment. Entrustment must be based on transaction password or securities account. What needs to be pointed out here is that the legal entrustment in China's securities trading is the entrustment of price increase and decrease that takes effect on the same day. This means that the entrustment instructions issued by shareholders to securities firms must be clear: ① shareholder name ② fund card number ③ buy (or sell) ④ Shanghai (or Shenzhen) ⑤ stock name ⑧ stock code ⑧ entrusted price ⑧ entrusted quantity. And this entrustment is only valid on the day when the entrustment is issued. The abbreviation of stock is usually four or three Chinese characters, and the code of stock is six digits. The code and abbreviation of a stock must be consistent when it is entrusted for sale. There are four ways of entrustment: 1. Commission for over-the-counter delivery: You bring your ID card and account card to the counter of the securities business department where you open a capital account to fill in the Power of Attorney for Buying and Selling Stocks, and then the staff at the counter will review and implement it. 2. Automatic entrustment by computer: that is, you personally enter the code, quantity and price of buying and selling stocks on the computer in the lobby of the securities business department, and the computer will execute your entrustment instructions. 3. Telephone automatic entrustment: that is, dial the telephone automatic entrustment system at the counter of the securities business department where you open a capital account by telephone, and enter the code, quantity and price of the stock you want to buy and sell with the numbers and symbol keys on the telephone to complete the entrustment. 4. Remote terminal entrustment: that is, you send a buy or sell order through a remote terminal connected to the computer system of the securities counter or the Internet. 5. Anti-fraud entrustment: In order to help joining investors reduce the risk of joining as much as possible, the anti-fraud entrustment business launched by Roentgen Anti-fraud Franchise Network is planned from three aspects: joining business, rights protection and store operation. Note: Except for the way that the counter staff confirms your identity, the other three entrustment methods all confirm your identity through your transaction password, so be sure to keep your transaction password well to avoid unnecessary losses caused by disclosure. After confirming the identity, the commission will be sent to the matching host of the exchange computer transaction. The matching host of the exchange checks the legality of the received entrustment, then determines the transaction price according to the bidding rules, automatically matches the transaction, and immediately sends the result to the securities company to let you know whether your entrustment has been closed. Entrustments that can't be closed are queued according to the principle of "price first, time first", waiting for the entrusted transactions that come in later. The entrustment that cannot be concluded on the same day will automatically become invalid, and the entrustment will be re-entrusted in the above way the next day. Thirdly, the trading rules also stipulate the number of stocks to be bought and sold: that is, the number of stocks entrusted to buy must be an integer multiple of one hand (each hand 100 shares), but the number of stocks entrusted to sell must not be an integer multiple of 100 shares. The buying or selling price must be within 10% of yesterday's closing price. Price priority and time priority are implemented in stock trading: during the continuous bidding period, because many investors may buy and sell the same stock at the same time, the exchange has formulated the principle of "price priority and time priority". If the current price of a stock is 5.66 yuan, if investor A enters the purchase price of 5.66 yuan and investor B enters the purchase price of 5.67 yuan at the same time, investor B's declaration takes precedence over investor A's declaration ... If the purchase prices declared by everyone are the same, the transaction will be made first. The same is true for selling stocks. If the current price of a stock is 5.66 yuan, A enters the selling price of 5.66 yuan, and B also enters the selling price of 5.65 yuan, then B's declaration takes precedence over A's declaration. If both parties enter the same selling price, then whoever declares first will make a deal first. This situation is more prominent when the share price of a stock suddenly rises sharply or suddenly falls sharply.

Edit the stock classification of this paragraph.

According to the listing area, it can be divided into: A shares: also known as RMB common shares, tradable shares, public shares and common shares. Refers to the common stock registered in Chinese mainland and listed in Chinese mainland. Subscribe and trade in RMB. B shares: also known as RMB special shares. Refers to the special stock registered in Chinese mainland and listed in Chinese mainland. Indicate the face value in RMB, and can only subscribe and trade in foreign currency. H shares: also known as state-owned shares, refer to the shares of state-owned enterprises listed in Hong Kong. S shares: refers to the shares of enterprises whose core business is production or operation in Chinese mainland, registered in Singapore or other countries and regions, but listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. N shares: refers to foreign shares registered in Chinese mainland and listed in new york. In addition, according to the performance, it is divided into: ST shares: ST refers to stocks that have suffered losses for two consecutive years and have been specially treated; *ST refers to the stocks of domestic listed companies that have suffered losses for three consecutive years. Taking off the hat means that it used to be ST, but now it has been taken off. Junk stock: the stock of a company that operates at a loss or violates regulations. Blue-chip: The company is operating well, with good performance and earnings per share above 0.5 yuan. Blue chip: In the stock market, the shares of large companies that occupy an important leading position, have excellent performance, are active in trading and have rich dividends are called blue chips.

Edit this paragraph to select stocks.

The process of stock investment analysis is divided into eight steps. In the analysis summary column, the analysis is synthesized to form a more comprehensive analysis result. The following is the main content of the "eight-step stock model": 1. Advantage analysis: What does the company do? Is there a brand advantage? Is there a monopoly advantage? Is it an index stock? 2. Industry analysis: What is the industry prospect? What is its position in this industry? 3. Financial analysis: What is the profitability? What is the growth momentum? Is the product profitable? Can the product be exchanged for real money? Is the guarantee ratio high? Do major shareholders owe much? 4. Return analysis: Is the company's return to shareholders high? More money or more dividends? Is there a good dividend plan in the near future? 5. Main force analysis: Does the organization increase or decrease positions? Are the chips more concentrated or scattered? What is the ups and downs? What's the big deal? 6. Valuation analysis: Is the current stock price overvalued or undervalued? 7. Technical analysis: How has the unit performed recently? Where are the support and resistance levels? 8. Analysis summary: What is the analysis result? What are the variables?

Edit the basic terms of stock trading in this paragraph.

Bull market: There are more buyers than sellers in the stock market. A bullish stock market is called a bull market. Bear market: the antonym of bull market. There are more sellers than buyers in the stock market, and a bearish stock market is called a bear market. Opening price: refers to the first transaction of securities on a stock exchange every business day, and the transaction price of the first transaction is the opening price of the day. According to the regulations of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, if there is no transaction within half an hour after the opening of the market, the opening price of the previous day is the opening price of that day. Sometimes, if a security has not been traded for several days, the stock exchange will put forward a guiding price according to the price trend of the securities entrusted by customers as the opening price after trading. The average price or average selling price on the first day of securities listing is the opening price. Closing price: refers to the transaction price of the last transaction of a security before the end of trading activities in a stock exchange. If there is no transaction on that day, the latest transaction price is taken as the closing price, because the closing price is the standard of the current market and the basis of the opening price of the next trading day, which can be used to predict the future securities market; Therefore, when analyzing the market, investors generally take the closing price as the calculation basis. Quote: It is the highest or lowest bid reported by traders for a security in a certain period of time in the securities market. Quotation represents the highest price that buyers and sellers are willing to pay. The buying price is the price at which the buyer is willing to buy a security, and the selling price is the price at which the seller is willing to sell. The order of quotation is customarily to quote first and then quote. In the stock exchange, there are four kinds of quotations: one is shouting, the other is gesturing, the third is filling in the declaration record form, and the fourth is inputting it into the computer display screen. Leading stock: refers to the stock that has influence and appeal to other stocks in the same industry in a certain period of stock market speculation, and its ups and downs often play a guiding and exemplary role in the ups and downs of other stocks in the same industry. The leading stock is not static, and its position in the same industry sector stocks can only be maintained for a period of time. Large-cap stocks and small-cap stocks: stocks with total tradable share capital exceeding 1 100 million are called large-cap stocks; 50 million to 1 100 million stocks are called the mid-market; Less than 50 million shares are called small-cap stocks. As far as the price-earnings ratio is concerned, the price-earnings ratio of small-cap stocks is higher than that of mid-cap stocks, and mid-cap stocks are higher than that of large-cap stocks. Especially when the market is weak, there are more opportunities for small-cap stocks. In the bull market, large-cap stocks and mid-cap stocks are more suitable for the entry and exit of large funds, so stocks with large plates are more optimistic. Because of its large circulation and great influence on the index, it often becomes a tool for the market to adjust the index. Investors should choose individual stocks. Generally, small-cap stocks should be selected in bear markets and large-cap stocks should be selected in bull markets. Price limit: refers to the trading price of securities other than those on the first day of listing, which shall not exceed10% relative to the closing price of the previous trading day; Entrustment exceeding the price limit is invalid. Anti-fraud entrustment: In order to help joining investors reduce the risk of joining as much as possible, the anti-fraud entrustment business launched by Roentgen Anti-fraud Franchise Network is planned from three aspects: joining and starting a business, safeguarding rights and opening a shop. Long market: Long refers to investors who are optimistic about the stock market and expect the stock price to be bullish, so they buy the stock at a low price and sell it when the stock rises to a certain price to obtain the difference income. Generally speaking, people usually call the stock market whose share price keeps rising for a long time a bull market. The main feature of stock price changes in bull market is a series of ups and downs. Shorting the market: Shorting means that investors and stockbrokers think that the current stock price is high, but they are pessimistic about the stock market prospect and expect the stock price to fall, so they sell the borrowed stock in time and buy it when the stock price falls to a certain price to obtain the difference income. This trading method of selling before buying and earning the difference from it is called short position. People usually refer to the stock market with a long-term downward trend as a short market, and the changes of stock prices in the short market are characterized by a series of sharp declines and small increases. Washing dishes: Speculators cut the stock price sharply first, causing a large number of small investors (retail investors) to panic and sell stocks, and then raise the stock price in order to take advantage of it. Back file: in the stock market, the stock price keeps rising, and finally it reverses and falls back to a certain price because of the rapid rise of the stock price. This adjustment phenomenon is called back file. Generally speaking, the retracement of stocks is less than the increase, and usually it returns to the original upward trend when it falls back to about one-third of the previous increase. Rebound: in the stock market, the stock price is in a downward trend, and the adjustment phenomenon that the stock price eventually reverses and rises to a certain price due to the rapid decline of the stock price is called rebound. Generally speaking, the rebound of stocks is less than the decline, usually when it rebounds to about one-third of the previous decline, it resumes its original downward trend. Short selling: investors predict that the stock price will rise, but their own funds are limited, so they can't buy a lot of stocks. Therefore, they pay a part of the deposit first, buy stocks from banks through brokerage, and then sell them when the stock price rises to a certain price, so as to obtain the difference income. Short selling: investors predict that the stock price will fall, so they pay mortgage loans to brokers and borrow shares to sell first. When the stock price falls to a certain price, buy the stock, and then return the borrowed stock to get the difference income. Kill more: that is, the bull kills the bull. Investors in the stock market generally think that the stock price will rise that day, because everyone is rushing to buy stocks. But the stock market backfired, and the stock price did not rise sharply, so it was impossible to sell the stock at a high price. Until the end of the stock market, stock holders rushed to sell, which led to a sharp drop in the stock market closing price. Short selling: short selling. Stock holders in the stock market agreed that the stock would plummet that day, so most people rushed to sell short hats to sell stocks. But the stock price didn't plummet that day, and they couldn't buy stocks at a low price. Before the stock market closed, short sellers had to compete to make up their positions, which led to a sharp rise in the closing price. Gap: refers to the sharp jump of stock price under the stimulation of strong bullish or negative news. Gaps usually appear before the beginning or end of a sharp change in stock prices. Fill in the blank: it is the act of buying back previously sold shares. Lock-in: refers to the trading risks encountered in stock trading. For example, investors expect the stock price to rise, but the stock price has been falling after buying. This phenomenon is called long locking. On the contrary, investors expect the stock price to fall and short the borrowed stock, but the stock price has been rising. This phenomenon is called short-selling level: the stock market is affected by bullish information. When the stock price rises to a certain price, the bulls think it is profitable and sell it in large quantities, so that the stock price stops rising or even falls back. In the stock market, the price when encountering resistance is generally called a level, and the level when the stock price rises is called a resistance line. Support line: The stock market is affected by bad news. When the stock price falls to a certain price, bears think it is profitable and buy a lot of stocks, so that the stock price will not fall or even rise. The checkpoint when the stock price falls is called the support line.

Edit the business hours of this paragraph

Trading can be started at 9: 15 every day, and the rest time is at noon11:30-13: 00, and it will start again at13: 00 in the afternoon and end at 15: 00. The specific trading hours of Shenzhen Stock Exchange are from Monday to Friday, with the morning market as the front market, call auction time from 9: 15 to 9: 25, afternoon market from 9: 30 to1:30 and 13: 00 to 15: 00. In order to avoid artificial market-making, Shenzhen Stock Exchange entered call auction time again at the last 3 minutes 14: 57 before the afternoon closing, which is different from Shanghai Stock Exchange. Closed days: Trading is not allowed on Saturdays, Sundays and closed days announced by Shanghai Stock Exchange.

Edit the cost of stock trading in this section.

The expenses of stock trading usually include stamp duty, commission, transfer fees and other expenses. 1. stamp duty: according to the national tax law, stamp duty is a tax levied on investors of buyers and sellers at the prescribed tax rate after the stock (including A shares and B shares) is traded. The payment of stamp duty shall be deducted by the securities institutions on behalf of the same investor. Then it will be settled centrally in the clearing and delivery between the securities operating institution and the stock exchange or the registration and settlement institution, and finally it will be paid by the registration and settlement institution to the tax authorities. The charging standard is 4‰ of the transaction amount of A shares. Funds, bonds, etc. There is no such charge. 2. Commission: Commission refers to the fees paid by investors to brokers according to a certain proportion of the transaction amount after the securities are entrusted for trading. This fee is generally composed of brokerage commission of securities firms, transaction fee of stock exchanges and supervision fee of management institutions. The charging standard of commission is: (1) Shanghai Stock Exchange. The commission of A shares is 3.5 ‰ of the transaction amount, and the starting point is 10. The bond commission is 2‰ of the transaction amount (international, floating), starting from 5 yuan; The commission of the Fund is 3.5 ‰ of the transaction amount, and the starting point is 10 yuan; The commission of the securities investment fund is 2.5 ‰ of the transaction amount, starting from 5 yuan; The commission standards for the repurchase business are: 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days and above, and fluctuate according to the turnover below 0. 15 ‰, 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1‰ and 1.5‰ respectively. (2) For Shenzhen Stock Exchange, the bond commission is 2‰ (upper limit) of the transaction amount, starting from 5 yuan; The commission of the fund is 3‰ of the transaction amount, starting from 5 yuan; The commission of the securities investment fund is 2.5 ‰ of the transaction amount, starting from 5 yuan; The commission standards for the repurchase business are: 3 days, 4 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days, 63 days, 9 1 day, 182 days, and 273 days. According to the transaction amount below 0. 1 ‰, 0. 12 ‰, 0.2 ‰, 0.4 ‰, 0.8 ‰, 1.2 ‰, 1.4 ‰ respectively. Fees paid by buyers and sellers for registration of equity change after fund transaction. This income belongs to the income of the securities registration and settlement institution, which is deducted by the securities operation institution in the settlement and delivery era with investors. The charging standard of transfer fees Middle School is: the transfer fees of A-share and fund transactions in Shanghai Stock Exchange is 1‰, and the starting point is 1 yuan, of which 0.5 ‰ is paid by securities institutions to registered companies; Transfer fees, which trades A shares, funds and bonds, is exempted from Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Four. Other expenses: Other expenses refer to entrustment fee (communication fee), withdrawal fee, inquiry fee, account opening fee, magnetic card fee, telephone entrustment, self-service entrustment, credit card fee, overtime fee, etc. When investors buy and sell securities on commission, these expenses are mainly used for communication, equipment, document production and other expenses, among which commission fees are generally used. Investors who buy and sell the securities of the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in Shanghai and Shenzhen shall pay a handling fee of 1 yuan to the securities business department and a handling fee of 5 yuan in different places. Other fees are charged by brokers according to their needs. Generally, there is no clear charging standard, as long as their fees are approved by the local price department. At present, many securities institutions have reduced or exempted some or all of their fees in order to promote competition. 5. Importance of transaction commission: The amount of commission affects your transaction cost to a certain extent, as shown in the following table. Take stocks as an example: 1. If your capital is 1 10,000 yuan and you trade 20 times a month, the commission is 0. 1% and 0.2%.