In architectural form, Lingnan Garden has distinct characteristics: First, it is light, transparent and simple. Second, the decoration is exquisite and gorgeous. Wood carving, brick carving, ceramics, gray plastic, door and window grids, leaking windows and many other folk handicrafts. They are all carefully carved and then set with colored glass to make patterns. Under the action of color light and shadow, it is like a delicate woven cotton. Thirdly, the layout and local components are influenced by western architectural culture, such as the Romanesque arched doors and windows and baroque capitals used in traditional buildings in China, the regular pool made of stone, the cast iron flower stand outside the hall, etc., which all reflect the Lingnan cultural characteristics of compatibility between China and the West.
From 18 to the beginning of 19 century, thirteen private gardens with large scale and elegant style emerged in Haizhu District and Xiguan, Guangzhou, including Panjiayuan Garden, Wu Jia Garden, Haishan Fairy Hall and other famous gardens, which were called "merchants' gardens". They are not only the pinnacle of Lingnan gardens, but also the grand occasion for European countries to imitate "Chinese-style" gardens in the Qing Dynasty. The four existing Lingnan gardens in Qing Dynasty are Qinghui Garden, Yuyin Mountain Residence, Liangyuan Garden and Keyuan Garden. Other famous gardens include Bijiang Golden Pagoda, Baomo Garden, Shunde Lotus Garden and Yue Hui Garden.
Chinese name: Lingnan Garden mbth: Lingnan Garden belongs to four famous gardens in Lingnan area: Qinghui Garden, Yuyin Mountain Residence, Liangyuan Garden and Keyuan, including their development history, classification, attribution type, layout type, regional type, garden characteristics, courtyard layout, spatial expression and architectural modeling, garden site selection, garden elements, mountains, water, stones, architecture, calligraphy and painting, plants, etc. Representing gardens, Qinghui Garden, Liangyuan Garden, Yuyin Mountain Residence and Keyuan, the development of Lingnan is the general name of the south of the five mountains in China. Its territory mainly involves southern Fujian, all of Guangdong, eastern and southern Guangxi, and it is located on the southeast edge of Eurasia with low latitude. There are five mountains as barriers in the north and the South China Sea in the south. It is mountainous, sparsely populated, with a criss-cross river network, influenced by strong sunshine and sea-land monsoon, and has excellent climatic conditions. The Tropic of Cancer runs through this territory. Due to the adjustment of the monsoon, it is still beautiful, with lush plants all year round, showing a typical subtropical and tropical natural landscape, which is known as the scenery of the South China and is famous at home and abroad. Natural gardens formed by natural landscapes and private gardens suitable for Lingnan people's living habits are also different from the grandeur of northern gardens and the delicacy and beauty of Jiangnan gardens, but have the characteristics of lightness, transparency and exquisite decoration. According to historical records, Lingnan Garden was built in Zhao Tuo (? -Former 137), imitating the palace gardens of many emperors in past dynasties, a grand palace garden was built in Panyu, Du Yue (now Guangzhou). The existing Jiuyao Garden, whose predecessor was the remains of Hu Xian, pushed the Lingnan Royal Garden to its peak, and then disappeared with the decline of the separatist regime. However, with the gradual rise of social economy, the development of culture and art and the increasingly frequent exchanges at home and abroad, Lingnan gardens gradually show more and more local folk customs. Representatives of Lingnan Gardens in Qing Dynasty include Haishan Fairy Hall, Wu Jia Garden, Guangzhou General Garden and Changshou Temple Garden. The openness, compatibility and diversity of Lingnan gardens are first manifested in the overall absorption of the Central Plains garden culture by the royal gardens in South Vietnam. In the Qing Dynasty, colored glass was widely used in classical gardens, which was very different from that in Jiangnan and North China. In addition, western-style garden buildings such as Chen Mansion and Liyuan, Russian-style garden buildings in Longyan Zhongshan Park, western-style planning and layout of Caonuan Park and Yuntai Park, and a large number of Manchu windows in classical gardens all reflect openness and compatibility. Lingnan gardens are divided into royal gardens, private gardens and public gardens. There are four royal gardens of Nanyue King, Sangxi of Fujian Yue King, Western Imperial Garden of Southern Han Dynasty, Crystal Palace of West Lake in Fujian and so on. Jiuyi Stone in Yaozhou, Southern Han Dynasty still exists in Jiuyi Garden in Guangzhou. When gardening, Liu Li ordered people to collect a large number of strange stones from all over the world, which piled up like a forest and were beautiful. According to ancient records, these stones are considered to be the Lingbi stones of Taihu Lake brought back from the periphery of Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province. However, according to modern experts' research, Taihu Lake really can't be wuyue and Nantang in the Five Dynasties, far away from the jurisdiction of the Southern Han Dynasty. It should be shipped from Fengzhou (now closed) in the province along the Beijiang waterway. Private gardens include four famous gardens in Guangdong, Wild Goose Garden in Guangxi, Xinzhuang in Fujian and Taiwan Province Province. The best preserved garden in Lingnan is Yuyin Mountain Residence in Panyu. Gray plastic lintels, stone mounds, regular pool banks, wood-carved cave covers and covered bridges are all examples of Lingnan gardens. Public gardens include West Lake in Huizhou, Qixingyan in Zhaoqing, Qingyuan Mountain in Fujian and Longhuyan in Taiwan Province. The layout types of Lingnan gardens are courtyard style, natural landscape style and comprehensive style. Courtyard style is a major feature of Lingnan gardens, as small as Japanese classical gardens. Almost all private houses, restaurants, teahouses and hotels have courtyard gardens, such as Dongguan Keyuan, Guangzhou White Swan Hotel and Haikou Overseas Chinese Hotel. The regional types of Lingnan Gardens are Guangdong Gardens, Guangxi Gardens, Fujian Gardens, Taiwan Province Gardens and Hainan Gardens. Guangdong Garden is the mainstream of Lingnan Garden, which is characterized by the cliff pattern, the gentle roof and wide eaves of the building, the cold alley of the watchtower, the three sculptures of decoration, the contrasting colors of blue, green and yellow, the covered bridges and the flowers of the four seasons plants. Guangxi gardens are characterized by the accumulation of natural landscape, history and culture, which are manifested as stone forests, stone peaks, stone cliffs, stone ponds and wall carvings. Hainan gardens are characterized by sea view, island view, reef view and beach view, with grass tops, fish ornaments and simplicity as architectural features, and coconut groves, betel nuts and bougainvillea as plant features. Coral stones are used to build mountains of various gardens, slopes of Dadonghai, gates of Ocean Park and mountains of Wugong Temple. Fujian gardens take rocks and plastic drum stones as landscapes, with straight ridges and the tail of high waves as architectural features, and with straight ridge dragon carvings, fish grass, mountain flowers and stone carvings as decorative features. Gardens in Taiwan Province Province are characterized by gray plastic stone mountains, goo goo stone mountains and imitation of famous mountains in Fujian, with Minnan architecture as the architectural feature, flat-topped arch bridges as the bridge feature, and gray plastic or brick carved melon and fruit utensils as the decorative feature. There are roughly four kinds of courtyard layouts in Lingnan: 1) courtyard buildings; 2) vestibular backyard; 3) learning the side field; 4) Front room. The layout of buildings around the garden means that buildings are arranged around the garden, and buildings, corridors and walls form a closed space. Its characteristic is to arrange more buildings in a very limited area without causing cramped and crowded conditions. For example, Keyuan in Dongguan. The layout of vestibular backyard or vestibular backyard is another common garden layout in Lingnan. Most of the houses in the garden are located in the backyard community, which is self-contained. The house and garden are relatively independent and partitioned, but there is no physical wall to separate them, but they are separated and connected. The space between the garden area and the residential area, or use the flower wall of the cave door, or use the small courtyard of the corridor, or use the water of the flowers and trees pool. The garden is a part of the owner's life and its layout is relatively spacious. The house adopts courtyard form, with dense layout, but more flexible and free. Examples include Qinghui Garden in Shunde. Study is a unique architectural type in Lingnan, which is usually combined with residential buildings and gardens. Most study rooms are located next to the house. The study and the house are separated by a wall and connected by doorways. The shape, size and scale of the study garden are flexible, and the garden space is transparent and circuitous. Open buildings or sketches such as open courts, courtyards, corridors and flower walls are often used. The study garden is decorated with water features and rockeries, and planted with flowers and trees, which is naturally interesting. This kind of study side yard often appears in the house garden in eastern Guangdong. The layout of the front house * * * The layout of the front house * * Or the courtyard next to the front house is a traditional quadrangle, and the garden is behind or next to the house. The central axis symmetry method is mostly used in houses, and large houses can have multiple axes and pass through strictly symmetrical courtyards. On the back or side of some houses, a small garden with free layout often appears unexpectedly. Spatial expression and architectural graphic space are one of the main manifestations of garden art, and artistic effects can be achieved through division, combination, connection, cohesion and transition. Lingnan Garden is a kind of garden space surrounded by buildings. In Lingnan gardens or courtyards, there are various forms of enclosure. Courtyards in the form of quadrangles are more common in some more formal architectural groups in Lingnan, such as official residences, temples, ancestral halls and academies. In addition to the basic form of quadrangles, there are other combinations. If the walls and buildings are combined into a yard, the small courtyard in the lake of Dongguan Keyuan is a small courtyard surrounded by three walls. Lingnan gardens have local characteristics in layout. For example, Panyu Yuyin Mountain House adopts geometric pattern plane layout, which consists of two water chambers side by side, one in the shape of "Hui" and the other in the shape of square; Dongguan Keyuan adopts the layout of "spacious connecting rooms" and builds a large garden in groups. The space in the garden is a bit like a small neighborhood, which is very different from the previous layout of single buildings and cloisters and winding paths. Buildings in Lingnan gardens are generally light in shape, transparent and open, simple in structure and small in size. The outline of the building is soft and stable, generous and simple. The hall of Lingnan Garden is generally divided into three rooms, and the open room and the secondary room are often separated by lattice fans or door covers, which are divided into spaces with different functions such as meeting guests, making friends, reading and resting, such as the deep willow hall and garden hall of Yuyin Mountain Room. However, the single plane of many buildings in Lingnan gardens is not necessarily a rectangular plane with three bays. For example, the double clean rooms in Keyuan are Asian-style, and the exquisite waterside pavilion in Yuyin Mountain House is octagonal. If the royal gardens in the north are endless mountains and rivers, it gives people the impression that there is no specific environmental space restriction, while the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are built on their own world and dominated by secret thoughts, then the Lingnan gardens reflect that the owners of the gardens want to own their own small world, but they also want to expand outward and understand the thoughts and feelings of the outside world. The spatial feature of Lingnan gardens is the combination of introversion and diffusion. The garden space of Lingnan House Garden is also enclosed and closed, but in the landscape organization, especially in the sight organization, the space inside and outside the garden is organically combined, resulting in a sense of spatial diffusion. Lingnan Garden has a small area and a single garden space organization, so it can't enrich the garden space by various means like Jiangnan Garden. Lingnan Garden organizes the scenery outside the garden into the garden with the help of the scenery outside the garden, thus forming a rich garden space level. There are two main forms of this technique with the help of external scenery: Lingnan gardens are mostly located in places with beautiful natural scenery. Therefore, at the junction of the homestead and the outside world, the best orientation of the environmental landscape is used for open layout. The common technique used in Lingnan gardens is to borrow the water surface, which can play a very good role, be flat and open, and have a wide field of vision. Moreover, with the hall as the interface, you can watch the scenery outside the garden in the garden, while watching the garden buildings outside the garden shows the charm of the garden because of its beautiful shape. Landscape viewpoint elevation method uses pavilions or rockeries to raise sight. When you climb the pavilion or rockery, you can not only have a panoramic view of the space in the garden, but also see the streams, lakes and fields outside the garden and the distant peaks. The garden has a wide field of vision, overlooking the sea and the sky, and the garden composition is very rich, achieving the effect of "building outside the mountain" Site selection of gardens In the construction of Lingnan gardens, the most important thing is site selection, which can best express the aesthetic orientation and life interest of gardeners. The site selection principle of Suzhou gardens is: the gardens are located in the depths of alleys and mixed in the middle of residential buildings, that is, to seek a secluded place in the downtown area and create an urban forest through artistic conception and artificial means. The principle of gardening in Lingnan is to leave the downtown area as far as possible, build the garden house in the real natural environment of mountains and rivers, and even integrate the garden into nature and become a part of nature. Gardeners advocate nature, pursue simplicity, pay little attention to artificial rockeries and flowing water, and do not envy the ingenious structure of Jiangnan gardens that makes mountains close at hand. Among the four famous gardens in central Guangdong, Qinghui Garden and Liangyuan Garden were built on the edge of the town, while Keyuan Garden and Yuyin Mountain House were built in the countryside to obtain good environmental conditions. Landscape elements mountain-Lingnan garden forest is not a mountain, there are several kinds of garden mountains: one is the cliff in the cliff waterfall pool bureau, such as Jiushi Mountain and Fenglai Peak in Qinghui Garden; The second is Gushi Island of Gushitan Bureau, such as Zhengushi in Shiwan Lake of Shiwan Botanical Garden and Plastic Gushi in Nanhu Park; The third is the reef island, such as turtle stone and lake stone in Foshan Liangyuan; Fourth, general heaped mountains, such as Coral Stone Mountain in Wugong Temple in Haikou. There are few mountains in Lingnan gardens, even in modern parks, because water is water and mountains are mountains, such as the real landscape in Guilin gardens, which has hardly been transformed. Water-Lingnan Garden is dominated by water, which is managed by various patterns: first, the stone pools and waterfalls in the Cliff Waterfall Bureau, such as the hometown water and water pools in the White Swan Hotel and the Sandie Spring in the Guangzhou Villa Hotel; The second is the lake scenery, such as the West Lake in Huizhou, Chaozhou, Leizhou, Fuzhou and Quanzhou, the Star Lake in Zhaoqing, the Liuhua Lake in Guangzhou, the Dongshan Lake and the Liwan Lake. The third is the pool, which is different from the Cliff Waterfall Pool Bureau in that there is no waterfall and the water surface is wide, such as Longtan in Longtan Park, Tan Lei and Sun Moon Lake in Taiwan Province. Fourth, winding water, such as Yunxi in Guangzhou Sculpture Park; Fifth, Jing Quan, such as Li Anquan and Ganquan in Guangzhou, and the well site of Sanjie Building in Yufeng Park in Liuzhou; The sixth is the boat pond. Stone-Stone and marble are different from gardens in the south and north of the Yangtze River. Stone materials include Guangxi Hushi, Guangdong Huangshi and Shi Ying, Minnan Granite, Hainan Coral Stone and Taiwan Province Otolith. Lingnan stone management does not overlap, but develops horizontally, which can be divided into stone placing method, stone piling method, wall hanging method and plastic stone method. Stone materials are placed in yellow wax stone, lake stone and granite, which are divided into three ways: paving, throwing stones and burying stones. If the stone body is placed on the soil, if it is thrown at will, it will throw clouds, such as Jin Chahua Park; Shi Gen is half buried, which is called Ping, such as Huli Park; More than half of Shi Gen is called buried stone, such as Nanshan Temple. Rock-piling method is mostly used for lake rocks or coral rocks, such as Haishijiao Mountain in Zhongshan Park, Coral Mountain in Wugong Temple in Haikou and Eyan Mountain in Wuyuan, Taiwan Province. The method of stacking stones is mainly used in Shi Ying's cliff hanging method, which has the most Lingnan charm. For example, Sandie Spring in Guangzhou Hotel can be used both outdoors and indoors. The former is like a cliff in the teahouse of Liuhua Lake Park in Guangzhou, and the latter is like a cliff in the stone room of White Swan Hotel. Plastering method uses gypsum and cement to imitate stone, saving stone. Almost all the ancient caves in the children's play area of modern parks are made of plastic stones, and it is best to use plastic drum stones in southern Fujian, such as Nanhu Park in Xiamen. From the architectural types, there are watchtowers, ship halls, covered bridges and so on. Diaolou originated from blockhouses, such as Keyuan Invitation Mountain Pavilion, Qinghui Garden Liu Fenting, Liyuan Yu Pei Building and so on. In addition to Zhou Shi in Jiangnan Garden, there are boats in Lingnan, such as the Purple Cave Boat in Baomo Garden, and a unique boat hall, which integrates the living room with the building and has a slight sense of boat. It is often used for good girls, so it is commonly known as Miss House, such as Qinghuiyuan and Yuyin Mountain House. In classical gardens, bridges are often combined with corridors, forming stone arch bridges at the top of corridors, such as Yuyin Mountain House. As far as the combination mode is concerned, the courtyard of the building is combined with multiple courtyards through "high walls and cold alleys", or the building and courtyard are integrated through "joint houses"; As far as a single form is concerned, most of them are high column foundation, wide eaves gallery, thick wall, blue tile roof, pressed tile, upturned roof ridge, stained glass window, brick carving window and gray plastic door; As far as decoration is concerned, the most typical ones are "three carvings and three sculptures": wood carving, brick carving, stone carving, pottery sculpture, clay sculpture and gray sculpture. In classical gardens, there are three carvings all over the garden, such as doorways, door couplets, window lintels, pedestals, desks, cornices, cornices, moon beams, melon pillars, sparrows, seats, railings and roofs. Among them, the gray carving and brick carving have the most Lingnan flavor, such as the "Suwu Shepherd" gray carving in Qinghui Garden and the melon and fruit brick carving in Banqiao Garden. Calligraphy and Painting The cultural relics of Qinghuiyuan include Li Zhaoluo, He's calligraphy. Keyuan has a collection of works by Zhang, the founder of Keyuan, and Juchao and Julian, representatives of Lingnan Painting School. On the ebony screen of Yu Yinshan's residence in the deep willow hall, the poems of Liang Shanzhou, Zhang Chuanshan and Weng Fanggang, three great talents in the late Qing Dynasty, and the calligraphy of Liu Yong, a great scholar during the Qianlong period, are engraved. Lin Yuan Huo Zongjie, Zhao Shaoang and Yang Shanshen Baomoyuan Art Museums have a large collection of ancient and modern famous paintings and calligraphy, and Jiya Museum has a collection of 190 grass paintings reflecting the folk life in Guangzhou more than 200 years ago. There is also the back door of Huizhou Xiaotaoyuan, which is a "neither deep nor shallow lake, half brick and half pavilion"; Yu Yinshan's couplet "can hold three bows and red rain, and the dark green clouds in the corner of cloudy days"; Haishan Fairy Hall in Liwan Lake Park has a joint name "Lotus World, Lizi Time"; Keyuan invited Shan Ge to join "There is a river crossing before, and the bright moon goes straight in", Keyuan yuechi county Pavilion joined "You can float in a house and don't want to go with the flow", and the main entrance joined "One hundred thousand people buy more neighboring water, and half the house grows flowers"; People live in Luting, "three points of water and four points of bamboo add seven clear months, and the five-step building and ten-step pavilion look at the Yangtze River"; Huizhou West Lake Liu Ruting couplet "does not increase or decrease, does not live or die, is unclean, like a dream like a bubble, like a shadow like a shadow, like dew like electricity" and so on. Plants are summarized as "flowers in four seasons, rain with scenery", and the characteristic trees are palm-shaped king coconut, fake betel nut, king coconut and bottle coconut; There are rattan fireworks, cordate telosma, wisteria, rhododendron and green radish; There are shade-tolerant orchids, bananas, taro, ferns and sunflowers; And banyan and litchi. Influence 18 to 19 at the beginning of the century, large-scale and elegant private gardens built by thirteen businessmen emerged in Haizhu District and Xiguan, Guangzhou, including Panjiayuan, Wu Jia Garden and Haishan Fairy Hall, which were called "Shanghong Garden". They are not only the pinnacle of Lingnan gardens, but also the grand occasion for European countries to imitate "Chinese-style" gardens in the Qing Dynasty. This period is the heyday of the spread of "Chinese style" garden style in Europe. Foreign businessmen often get together in the yards of Hong Kong businessmen, and Chinese and foreign painters carefully describe gardens and distribute "export paintings" of scenery to the whole world, which makes Guangdong gardens widely spread. /kloc-In the 8th century, there were more than 20 Chinese gardens in Paris alone, and most of the furniture and handicrafts in Versailles came from China. The ruler of Saxony once built a Piernitz Palace on the Elbe River near Dresden, and the "Water Palace" was built according to the architectural style of China. King Frederick II of Prussia also built a "Chinese Tea Pavilion" next to the "Unintentional Palace" in Potsdam, which became a striking scene in this royal garden. During the period of 1742~ 1744, British architect Chambers visited Guangzhou twice to inspect garden buildings. Chambers brought China's architectural design style to Europe, which greatly influenced the development of "Chinese style" of western architecture in18th century. In his classic book Oriental Horticulture, Chambers said: For China's garden art, Europeans "can only absorb the essence of the sun". He built a tall China Tower in the Yuan Qiu designed by himself in the suburb of London. This aesthetic taste has obviously formed a social architectural fashion. For example, British writer Addison and poet Pope have all built China gardens. According to records, when Zhang Deyi, a graduate of Thirteen Lines Wentong Museum, visited Sweden, he was "like returning to his hometown" in the Chinese-style house in the Swedish Palace. The cursive calligraphy stickers were hung on the walls, and the utensils and furnishings were all shipped from Guangdong ... The fashion of imitating China sentiment in Europe lasted for nearly a hundred years, and this period was the Thirteen Lines period. On behalf of the garden Qinghui Garden Shunde Qinghui Garden is one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong, belonging to the provincial cultural relics protection unit, and its overall style is famous for its elegance and simplicity. This garden was built in the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800) and covers an area of more than 22,000 square meters. Tsinghua, Shui Mu, in Qinghui Garden, has elegant and beautiful scenery. Longjia's former residence is integrated with the expansion of the new landscape, and green water, green trees, ancient walls, leaky windows, rocky mountains, small bridges, curved corridors and pavilions are used to interact. Here is a collection of China's ancient architecture, gardens, sculptures, poems and songs, gray sculptures and other arts. It highlights the characteristics of China quadrangle architecture, which is majestic, strange, dangerous, quiet, beautiful and spacious. The main attractions are Chuantang, Bixi Caotang, Cheng Yi Qiu Hong Bookstore, Cheng Yi Pavilion, Yin Xi Bookstore, Zhuwan, Guiji Road, Bisheng Flower Pavilion, Doudong, Qiu Hong Bookstore, Yun Xuan Reading, Mu Yingjian, Liu Fen Feedback and other unique shapes, which are smart and elegant, with quaint doors and windows and endless tastes. The park is luxuriant in trees, rich in variety and colorful, surrounded by antique pavilions. At the same time, it's fascinating to walk around. Liangyuan Liangyuan is the general name of Foshan Liang's homestead. It is mainly composed of groups from many different places, such as Shiershizhai, Qunxing Caotang, Fenjiang Cao Lu and Hanxiang Pavilion. Its scale is grand, and it is mainly located in the Pioneer Road of Song Feng Road. The Liangyuan Garden was built by the uncles of four famous local poets Liang Airu, Liang Jiuzhang and Liang Jiutu in Jiaqing and Daoguang years of Qing Dynasty (1796- 1850), which lasted for more than forty years. Liangyuan is one of the typical representatives of Lingnan literati gardens in Qing Dynasty. Its layout is exquisite, the mansion, ancestral temple and garden are integrated into one, and Lingnan-style "gardens" come one after another with elegant style. Gardening is eclectic, pursuing elegant, natural and picturesque pastoral charm; Full of local characteristics, the garden buildings are light and transparent; Fruit trees are shaded, flowers are in full bloom, and winding water rings and pine banks form the unique charm of Lingnan water town. In particular, it is one of the four famous gardens in central Guangdong, which is famous for its diverse shapes and ingenious combination. In the early years of the Republic of China, a generation of famous gardens were on the verge of annihilation. In view of its historical, artistic and ornamental value, 1982, the Foshan Municipal Party Committee and the city * * * rescued and protected the existing Qunxing Caotang Group for the first time, and 1990 was designated as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. Subsequently, a large-scale comprehensive restoration began in 1994, with a total area of 2 1 1,260 square meters, which made the famous garden glow again. Yuyin Mountain Residence Yuyin Mountain Residence, also known as Yuyin Garden, is located in Nancun Town, Panyu. It was built in Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty for six years (1867), more than 30 years ago. The building area of the whole park is only nearly 2000 square meters, which is the smallest of the four famous parks. Also known for its exquisite architectural style, it is known as one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong, and has been designated as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province and a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangzhou. This ancient garden is exquisitely laid out. By the method of "hiding without revealing" or "shrinking the dragon into one inch", the pavilion, platform, building, feed, hall, pavilion, pavilion, bridge, corridor dike, rocky mountain and clear water are all contained in three acres of land, so that the small garden presents a wonderful scene of garden, scenery, depth and width, and the back door couplet has room for three bows and red. Keyuan Dongguan Keyuan was founded in the 30th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (AD 1850). Located in Xia Bo, Dongguan, it is a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province. It is characterized by small area and exquisite design. On 3.3 mu of land, houses, living rooms, villas, courtyards, gardens and study rooms are artistically integrated together, and landscape bridges, pavilions and courtyards are scattered. Its layout is patchy, interconnected, winding and confusing. The keynote is that there is a landscape in the empty place, the sparse place is not empty, the small place is big, dense and not pressing, occupying water to grow flowers, fragrant, and meticulous. Rich in Lingnan characteristics, it is a treasure of Guangdong gardens. Zhang, the founder of Keyuan Park, was appointed as the provincial judge of Jiangxi Province. He is proficient in epigraphy, calligraphy, piano, chess and poetry. In Keyuan, Zhang Weiping, Jian Shiliang, Xu Sangeng and others are often invited to sing, praise poems and spread art in the park. Ju Lian and Ju Chao painted in Keyuan for ten years, and their students Gao, Chen founded Lingnan School of Painting, making Keyuan one of the birthplaces of Lingnan School of Painting.