Yunnan Province, referred to as Yunnan and Yunnan for short, is located in the southwest border of People's Republic of China (PRC) (China). During the Warring States period, this was the place where Yunnan tribes lived. Yunnan, meaning "the south of colorful clouds", is named after being located in "the south of Yunling". The provincial capital is Kunming. The total area is more than 380,000 square kilometers, accounting for 4. 1 1% of the national area, ranking eighth among provincial administrative regions in China. The total population is 44 1.5 million (in 2004), accounting for 3.36% of the national population, ranking 1.2. The provinces and regions adjacent to Yunnan Province are Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Tibet, and the three countries adjacent to Yunnan Province are Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. The Tropic of Cancer runs through the south of this province. Among them, Old Town of Lijiang is one of the largest and oldest ancient cities in Yunnan. Capital: Kunming. There are 8 prefecture-level cities and 8 ethnic autonomous prefectures in Yunnan Province. It has jurisdiction over 12 municipal districts, 9 county-level cities, 79 counties and 29 ethnic autonomous counties.

Yunnan is the province with the largest number of ethnic minorities in China. There are 52 ethnic groups in the province, of which 26 ethnic groups have a population of more than 5,000, with a fixed distribution range. The distribution of ethnic groups is characterized by large mixed communities and small settlements. Among them, there are 15 indigenous peoples in Yunnan: Bai, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Naxi, Jingpo, Bulang, Pumi, Achang, Nu, Jino, De 'ang and Dulong.

Yunnan Expressway has complex terrain, many bends, long turns and foggy sections, which are prone to traffic accidents. You should be very careful when driving and pay attention to the traffic signs. In general, the speed limit of expressway is 1 10km/h for cars and 80km/h for big cars. If there are unfavorable driving factors such as rain, snow and fog, the speed limit indicated by electronic traffic signs will be lower. Please pay attention to the identification of drivers and friends.

Yunnan is also a big geological museum. A large number of sauropod dinosaur fossils were unearthed in the early Jurassic strata in Lufeng County, and they were well preserved. Now this county has built a dinosaur museum for tourists to visit. In addition, Maotianshan Mountain in Chengjiang County is a "star" in geological circles, because a large number of well-preserved Cambrian multicellular fossils have been unearthed here, which strongly proves the existence of the "Cambrian Big Bang". Dongchuan District of Kunming is also a famous "Debris Flow Museum" in China. In the early days, due to the large-scale unscientific mining of copper mines and the influence of climate and topography, large-scale mudslides frequently occurred, and the phenomenon of mudslides was typical.

Yunnan tourism

There is a magical and colorful tourist hotline in the southwest of Chinese mainland, which is the golden tourist route of "Yunnan Tour".

The main tourist attractions in Yunnan: Kunming, Dali, Lijiang, Shangri-La, Meili Snow Mountain, Lugu Lake, Xishuangbanna, Tengchong and Ruili are rich in tourism resources, and they have become important tourist destinations with their beautiful natural scenery, colorful ethnic customs and pleasant climate.

Old Town of Lijiang, the ancient Naxi city, (UNESCO World Cultural Heritage, 1997)

Lugu Lake

Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, can carry special products.

Pu 'er tea, Sanqi series products, Cordyceps sinensis (super expensive, with enough money, hehe! ), Zhaotong Gastrodia elata, variegated copper handicrafts, ethnic handicrafts, tree-shaped jade (if the store can be responsible for postal transportation), jadeite products, silverware, butterfly wing paintings, ethnic costumes, milk fans, sour peppers, sour pepper cakes, sweet peppers, Dai-flavor baked dry bar, bean powder sugar, "Yunnan Eighteen eccentrics" snacks, mangosteen and flowers (consignment can be handled at the airport). Matters needing attention in Yunnan tourism

1, the temperature difference in Yunnan is not large every morning and evening (12~ 15 degrees Celsius), so please pay attention to dress to prevent colds;

2. Yunnan is located in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with strong outdoor ultraviolet radiation. Pay attention to sun protection and bring sun protection products;

3. Lijiang, Shangri-La, Deqin and other places have higher altitudes, so pay attention to rest to prevent mountain reactions;

4. Next to the cable car station under the Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang, there are winter clothes and oxygen bags for rent, and guests can rent them according to their own needs; When queuing at the cable car station,

Yunnan history

In 279 BC, Zhuang Xia, a general of Chu State, entered Dianchi Lake and established Dian State. 22 1 year ago, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, established counties (now Qujing) in northeast Yunnan, and opened Wuchi Road to connect with the mainland. 109 years ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Guo Chang, a general, to Yunnan to conquer Southwest Yi, and set up Yizhou County and Twenty-four Counties to govern Dianchi County (now Qujing), which opened up a trade route to Myanmar and India. During the Three Kingdoms period, in 225, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, led his army to surrender to Meng Huo, the most famous name in South China. In 1930s, the Juan family entered Yunnan and became king in Kunchuan (now Qujing). cuan clan's rule lasted for 400 years. Nanzhao State and Dali State were in the Tang Dynasty. In 738, the leader of Mengshezhao tribe in Erhai area merged with five other imperial edicts to establish Nanzhao State, which was named the king of Yunnan by the Tang Dynasty. The following year, Taihe City (now Dali City) was established as its capital. In 902, Zheng Maisi, the powerful minister of Nanzhao, acceded to the throne and became the chief minister. In 929, Zhao Shanzheng destroyed the big factory and the country and established Datianxing. The following year, Dongchuan ordered Yang Gan to destroy Da Tian and rejuvenate the country, and changed the country name to Dayining. In 937, Duan Siping, a Bai nationality, destroyed righteousness and established Dali, the capital of Dali. The territory includes Yunnan province, Guizhou province, southwest Sichuan province, northern Myanmar and some areas of Laos and Vietnam. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Kublai Khan sent Mongolian troops to conquer Dali, and/kloc-0 formally established Yunnan Province in 276. The provincial capital (Kunming) Zhongqing Road Semu Saidian Chiren Pingzhang Management Office. The development of important copper and silver mines in Yunnan accounts for more than half of the national output. A large number of Semu people and a small number of Mongolians migrated to Yunnan, forming today's Hui and Mongolians. 138 1 year, the Ming emperor Hongwu sent generals Fu Youde and Mu Ying to attack Yunnan, destroyed Liang Wang in the Yuan Dynasty, and Han immigrants began to enter Yunnan in large numbers. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Emperor Li Yong of Nanming fled to Yunnan. In the early years of Qing Dynasty, 1659, the then king Wu Sangui was sent to hunt down Li Yong. 1662 Wu Sangui recaptured the emperor Li Yong from Myanmar and hanged him in Kunming. Wu Sangui is stationed in Yunnan. From 1856 to 1873, the Hui people in Yunnan established the Du Wenxiu regime with Dali as the center. After the war, the population of Hui nationality in Yunnan decreased greatly. In the late Qing Dynasty, Britain conquered Myanmar and France conquered Vietnam. The forces of the two countries had a certain influence on Yunnan. Several trading ports have been opened in the border areas: Tengchong, Mengzi and Simao. 19 10, the French-invested Yunnan-Vietnam Railway (now called Kunhe Railway in China) was opened to traffic. 1909, the Qing Dynasty implemented the New Deal, and Yunnan organized a new army to establish the Army Wujiangtang. On October 30th (Double Ninth Festival), Cai E and Tang led the new army to launch the Double Ninth Festival uprising and left the Qing Dynasty. 19 15 12.25, Cai E and Tang launched a national defense movement against Yuan Shikai. During the Republic of China, the Dian army formed a separatist regime in Yunnan, and Tang and Long Yun (1928 ~ 1945) ruled Yunnan successively.

Yunnan geography

Yunnan's landforms are bounded by Yuanjiang Valley in Yunnan and Kuangu in the southern section of Yunling Mountains, and the whole province of Yunnan can be roughly divided into two topographical regions, east and west. The eastern part of Yunnan is the eastern and central part of Yunnan Plateau, which is called Yunnan Plateau and belongs to the western part of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The average altitude in Yunnan is about 2000 meters. There are mainly undulating low mountains and round hills in Yunnan, where various types of karst landforms are developed, including the famous Yunnan Shilin, Qiubei Puzhehei, Luoping Duoyi River, Yiliang Jiuxiang Cave, Jianshui Yanzi Cave and Luxi Arugu Cave. The western part of Yunnan is the longitudinal valley area of Hengduan Mountains, with mountains and valleys alternating. Yunnan has a magnificent and steep terrain, among which the parallel flow of the three rivers is the most spectacular. Generally speaking, the altitude of northwest Yunnan is 3000 ~4000 meters; Southwest Yunnan elevation1500 m ~ 2200 m; The terrain near the Yunnan border is gradually gentle, with an altitude of only 800 meters ~ 1000 meters, and some areas drop below 500 meters, which is where the tropical and subtropical regions of Yunnan are located.

There are many fault basins in the ups and downs of Yunnan plateau mountains. These basins in Yunnan, also known as "bazi", are relatively flat, with rivers passing through them and thick soil layers, and most of them are economically developed areas. There are 445 dams 1 445 and 49 dams 100 square kilometers in Yunnan province. The largest dam in Yunnan is located in luliang county, Yunnan Province, with an area of 77 1.99 square kilometers. The top 10 dams in Yunnan are Kunming Dam (763.6 square kilometers), Erhai Dam (60 1 square kilometers), Zhao Lu Dam (524.76 square kilometers), Quzhan Dam (435.82 square kilometers), Gudong Dam (432.79 square kilometers) and Songming Dam (400 square kilometers).

Yunnan is also a big geological museum. A large number of sauropod dinosaur fossils were unearthed in the early Jurassic strata in Lufeng County, and they were well preserved. Now this county has built a dinosaur museum for tourists to visit. In addition, Maotianshan Mountain in Chengjiang County is a "star" in geological circles, because a large number of well-preserved Cambrian multicellular fossils have been unearthed here, which strongly proves the existence of the "Cambrian Big Bang". Dongchuan District of Kunming is also a famous "Debris Flow Museum" in China. In the early days, due to the large-scale unscientific mining of copper mines and the influence of climate and topography, large-scale mudslides frequently occurred, and the phenomenon of mudslides was typical.

Yunnan culture

Yunnan cuisine (Yunnan cuisine for short) is eclectic and unique due to the special geographical environment in Yunnan. Good at cooking delicacies such as delicacies, fresh freshwater fish and vegetables. Fresh, tender, sweet, slightly sour and spicy, with strong heavy oil flavor. It suits the tastes of people in frontier areas and is unique in China. There are many records of homology of medicine and food in herbs in southern Yunnan. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Xiake went to Baoshan for delicious food, and friends offered chicken. When he arrived in Lijiang, Naxi Toast served him 80 flavors, including soft pigs (suckling pigs), yak tongues and other home-cooked dishes. Besides, he eats bamboo rats. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there were hundreds of thousands of peasant rebels and Wu Sangui's men who stayed in Yunnan. In particular, the home cooking of the ghost king in Nanming turned Yunnan into the capital of Yunnan, and famous teachers poured in in in batches, and the skills of Yunnan cuisine have been greatly developed. For example, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, a teacher, wrote a poem for the bow fish in his hometown: "Natsuna has a Gao Qiong belly, and the beautiful spring wine has a round ridge". After the Opium War, due to the opening of Mengzi, Tengchong, Simao, Kunming and Yunnan-Vietnam railways, domestic and foreign trade flourished, and restaurants from all over the country gathered in Yunnan, forming Yunnan cuisine with Chinese cuisine as the mainstay and ethnic minority dishes as the supplement. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway was opened to traffic, and Yunnan became the rear area. Famous chefs from all walks of life gathered in Kunming and along the traffic lines in northeast and west Yunnan, which accelerated the exchange of cooking skills and promoted the further development of Yunnan cuisine. During this period, chefs divided their work among chefs to meet the requirements of dignitaries, wealthy businessmen and celebrities. Yunnan's unique conditions provide rich raw materials for cooking. Yunnan is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, where long mountains, flat dams and rivers and lakes are embedded, forming a colorful geographical feature and a three-dimensional climate with clear dry and wet conditions, which is very conducive to the growth of animals and plants. Yunnan is known as the "kingdom of plants", "kingdom of animals", "kingdom of spices", "hometown of medicinal materials" and "hometown of flowers and trees". According to incomplete statistics, there are 366 species of fish, 92 species of amphibians, 43 species of reptiles/kloc-0, 782 species of birds, 274 species of mammals, more than 200 species of wild edible fungi, and a wide variety of wild flowers, fruits and vegetables.