Koreans pay great attention to etiquette in their daily lives and are known as the state of oriental etiquette. In the Korean nationality, the custom of respecting the elderly and loving the young contains many etiquette.
In the past, in a family, a small table was reserved for the elderly for three meals a day. Now, although the family eats at the same table, they still have to serve the old people with rice and soup first. The younger generation is not allowed to eat before the elder moves the spoon and chopsticks. No matter what is delicious on weekdays or New Year's Day, let the old people try it first. When parents reach the age of 60, 70, 80 and 90, their children will hold a banquet to celebrate. At a banquet, the oldest person is called "sitting". When making a toast, you should respect "sitting" first, and then toast in order of age. When young people propose a toast or pass something to the elderly, they must pass it with both hands. If you pass with one hand, be sure to raise the other hand to your chest and make a gesture of passing with both hands. Young people and elders of the same age sit together to drink, and after receiving the glass, they should drink from the side. It is considered impolite to drink in front of old people. When smoking, young people should not fight with their parents or elders. When walking, young people can't walk the same way as old people, and when entering and leaving the house, young people can't take the lead.
Koreans are generally very hospitable. Visitors, whether relatives, friends or strangers, should be warmly received. No matter whether life is rich or not, the food provided to guests is better than usual. When sleeping at night, guests are arranged in a room alone, providing the cleanest bedding.
One of the characteristics of traditional Korean houses is kang. When entering the house, you must take off your shoes outside the door or on the outdoor floor. Men should sit cross-legged when visiting other people's homes. When a woman is sitting in someone else's house, she should curl her legs to one side of her body after sitting on the kang. The posture is "sitting like kneeling, sitting like kneeling". No matter men or women, they can't stretch their legs at the people on the kang, let alone stretch their legs.
Korean is divided into three equal order: respect order, equivalence order and inferior order (also called inferior order), that is, the same sentence has three different expressions because of different speakers. Use honorifics for elders, superiors and people who meet for the first time. If you use equivalent or inferior words, it means vulgarity and impoliteness, and you will be laughed at.
Korean food customs
There are many traditional Korean flavor foods, the most famous of which are cakes, cold noodles and pickles.
The cake is made by mashing steamed glutinous rice, cutting it into cubes, sprinkling bean flour, and adding dilute honey and sugar.
Cold noodles are made by adding starch and water to buckwheat noodles, mixing them into noodles, cooling them with cold water after cooking, and adding sesame oil, pepper, pickles, beef sauce and beef soup. It tastes cool and delicious.
Kimchi is made by soaking Chinese cabbage for a few days, washing it, mixing it with pepper and other ingredients, and sealing it in a vat. The longer the curing time, the more delicious the taste. Kimchi is a regular dish for Koreans from winter to the next spring. The taste of kimchi is also a sign of housewife's cooking skills.
There are many pickle jars of different sizes in front of and behind the corridors of traditional Korean houses, which is also a typical feature of Korean houses. Even Korean families who live in high-rise buildings now sometimes put a few vats at home and pickle pickles themselves.
Koreans like to eat rice. They are good at cooking rice. They are very particular about using water and fire. The iron pot for cooking has a deep bottom, a closed mouth, a tight cover and even heating, and can hold one's breath. The cooked rice has soft particles and suitable taste. You can cook double-layer rice or multi-layer rice with different flavors in one pot at a time.
Various cakes made of rice flour, such as sliced cakes, muffins, cakes, cakes, cold noodles, etc. It is also the daily staple food of Koreans.
The common daily dishes of Koreans are "Bazhen cuisine" and "Jiangmuer" (miso soup). "Bazhen cuisine" is a dish made of eight raw materials: mung bean sprouts, soybean sprouts, tofu, dried tofu, vermicelli, platycodon grandiflorum, bracken and mushrooms through stewing, mixing, frying and frying. The main raw materials of miso soup are Chinese cabbage, autumn cabbage, Daxing cabbage and laver. Use sauce instead of salt and cook it with water.
Most Korean dishes have certain nourishing and medical functions after eating, such as "Shenqi Bushen Decoction" eaten in spring and "dog broth" eaten in dog days. There is a saying in Korea that "dog broth is like tonic in dog days". Nowadays, in cold winter or hot summer, dog broth is often put on the special table of Korean families.
Life etiquette
People's birthday
Fertility locals call a woman pregnant "happiness". When a woman is pregnant, her family or in-laws begin to prepare clothes and bedding for her children. After the baby is born, give good news to relatives and friends, and relatives and friends will congratulate each other. Most of them are gifts, and a few people send baby products. After giving birth, the mother will not go out to work for a month. Hanging a piece of red cloth at the door of the delivery room signals people not to go in and out casually, commonly known as "confinement". During this period, women should stay in bed and eat more nutritious foods with high fat and protein, such as eggs, noodles, brown sugar millet porridge and chicken soup. The bride's family wants to buy a 5-foot red cloth and make a red coat with raw edges for the baby. The local valley called it "Mao Er Shen". On the day of the full moon, the parents will take the mother and son back, commonly known as "hiding in the nest", and wait for 3 to 5 days before sending them back. When I go back, I will bring home 10 piece of steamed white flour, which is shaped like a dragon like a fish and symbolizes good luck. In the 1990s, the custom of "cohabitation" was abandoned, and the wind of eating "full moon wine" rose. In order to celebrate the great event of importing people into the home, a banquet was held at the full moon to entertain relatives and friends, and the baby was held to the guests as a token of gratitude.
Birthday is commonly known as "birthday" and "birthday". Before the 1970s, on birthdays, we just ate a few boiled eggs and noodles in the morning, that is, longevity noodles. After 80s, with the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, most old people, children and young people attach importance to birthdays. Parents buy their children birthday presents, mostly school supplies, toys, clothes and so on. Blow out candles, sing "Happy Birthday" songs, share birthday cakes, and some relatives also give birthday presents.
Han people pay attention to their 60th and 66th birthdays. The 60th birthday will be a feast for friends and relatives. On the 66th birthday, give the birthday girl 6 ounces of meat, 6 ounces of bread and 66 jiaozi, and invite relatives and friends to drink birthday wine. Generally speaking, a rich table will be prepared at home or in a restaurant to entertain guests. During the dinner, guests will toast the birthday girl, offer songs, share birthday cakes, laugh and be beaming.
The 60th birthday of the Korean elderly is called "Flower's Birthday". We need to hire a host, a band, a hotel and a video recorder. Longevity table is a Korean custom. There is a table in front of Longevity Constellation, on which all kinds of cakes and fruits are placed, which is rich and beautiful. On the birthday, relatives and friends accompanied the birthday girl, took a bus to the park to see the scenery and take photos, and took them to the hotel to sit down in turn. The birthday girl was the first relative and sat around the birthday girl. According to the way of men and women, let the guests sit down, and the word "longevity" is hung on the main hall of the hotel. The band was put aside. After the host announced the start of the ceremony, the music started. In the music of the birthday song, the son, daughter-in-law, girl and uncle of the birthday girl give gifts in turn, and the guests deliver birthday speeches. Song and dance were arranged during the dinner, and the atmosphere was cheerful. At the end of the ceremony, the guests stepped into the banquet table and danced while eating until evening.
remarriage
Marriage of Han nationality generally goes through four stages: introduction, love, recognition of relatives and marriage.
When young men and women enter the age of talking about marriage, relatives and friends propose marriage one after another. Young men and women choose their partners mainly from occupation, education, ability, family background, personality, income, appearance and other aspects. If you think the other person's conditions are satisfactory, then make an appointment to meet.
After the young men and women in love introduce each other, if they agree, they will enter the stage of love. Through frequent contact, the two sides have deepened their understanding of each other's personality, hobbies and conduct. Most young men and women in the town are free to fall in love.
Recognition is also called engagement. Young men and young women fall in love and reach an agreement, and the man's parents propose to "recognize relatives." On this day, parents and immediate family members of both parties will be present to introduce each other, and hold a banquet at home or in the hotel to make an agreement on the right date for marriage. The man should give the woman an appropriate dowry according to his own financial situation.
On the wedding day, an elder of the groom's family led nine people to pick up the bride with "leaving home meat" (about 6 kg of pork and 4 peeled green onions tied with red lines), followed by a video car. After arriving at the bride's home, the groom puts on a wedding dress and the bride and groom eat "happy noodles". There is a poached egg in Dalian, and everyone eats one. The bride's family should cut off half of the "mother's flesh" and take the other half back. The bride will be carried in the car by her brother, and the mother will not send the girl and attend the wedding. When the bride receives her mother-in-law's door, she sets off firecrackers first and is greeted by the wedding procession. Accompanied by the groom, the bride wears a wedding dress and walks up to her mother-in-law with a red washbasin in her hand. First, she brings a red flower to her mother-in-law's head, and then gives the red washbasin to her mother-in-law, who will give her daughter-in-law a red envelope after receiving the basin. Subsequently, the person who saw the bride off carried the clothes and household appliances accompanied by the bride into the new house. The bride and groom should "sit" in bed, put an axe under the bedding, sit on it, and leave the bridal chamber for the hotel after about 10 minutes. Firecrackers should be set off when the car arrives at the hotel. On the left and right sides of the main hall of the hotel are unit leaders from the elderly on both sides. The host announced the wedding, and the bride and groom walked into the front of the main hall with music. First, boys and girls go on stage to put flowers on the bride and groom; The marriage certificate is read by the witness; The old people on both sides spoke; Congratulatory message from the unit leader; The bride and groom exchange tokens; Husband and wife toast each other; The bride and groom pay tribute to their parents, judges and guests. After the ceremony, the banquet began. The banquet is usually 16, and four Joy Meetballs are essential. During the dinner, the bride and groom should toast table by table, and the elderly of both men and women should pay money to comfort the chef, commonly known as "reward money" in the local area, and the chef should "enjoy food" on her wine table. And "returning to the table" is to pack a table of dishes and bring them back when the family leaves the table. Three days after marriage, the bride and groom will "return to the door". 1985- 1999, the wind of wedding ceremonies is getting worse and worse, and the relevant departments have repeatedly called for promoting simple marriage, but the results have been minimal.
The Korean wedding was held at the woman's house. On the wedding day, the groom wears a suit, accompanied by his elders to the woman's house, and then the host presides over the wedding. The bride, wearing pink (or white) national costume and veil, enters the room with the groom. There is no difference between wedding ceremony and Han nationality. After the ceremony, the groom and his entourage will receive a "big table" in different rooms of the bride's house. In addition to cakes and fruits, the groom's "big table" is indispensable to a cooked rooster with a big red pepper in his mouth, which symbolizes happiness. During the dinner, the bride's family often used riddles, shouting and other methods to examine the groom's intelligence. If they can't answer, they should ask for money and banknotes as hospitality when the bride comes home three days later. The groom will eat 1 egg in the bowl at dinner, leaving 1 egg for the bride. After the dinner, the bride and groom will give gifts to their parents and elders in turn (kneeling on the ground, hands across their foreheads, from top to bottom, the foreheads should reach the kang surface). When saying goodbye, the elders will accompany a groom's house, and the bride and entourage will also receive a "big table". At the end of the banquet, the bride will send a big gift to the relatives of the groom in turn to show their recognition. The rest of the food in the "big dining table" was brought back by her family and reserved for "Huimen" on the 3 rd. That night, friends and relatives got together, drinking, singing and dancing until midnight.
Three funerals
After the construction of the district, the dead in Badaojiang District were cremated in urban and rural areas, and the funeral procedures were complicated. In the 1990s, the trend of reburial was very long.
The mourners should wear old clothes before they die and be sent to the hospital morgue for storage after death.
Mourn the relatives and friends of the deceased before death, and they will go to mourn when they learn the bad news. Relatives have black gauze around their arms and a leucorrhea around their waist.
Before the cremation of the deceased, relatives took turns to wake for 3 days.
In the early morning of the funeral, relatives and friends knelt in front of the hearse, and people moved the dead into the coffin box and carried them onto the car. After the eldest son got on the hearse, he stood with his hand on the portrait of the deceased. Before cremation, relatives and friends pay tribute to the remains and bid farewell. Three days after cremation, the children will go to the storage place of Gujie to offer sacrifices, which is commonly known as the "round grave" locally. After that, every seven days is an anniversary, a total of five or seven. Every anniversary is commemorated, and the local people attach great importance to the third anniversary sacrifice. Children do filial piety for the deceased, do not hold happy events within 3 months, do not wear colorful clothes.
Hui people generally practice burial. Up to now, the deaths of Hui people have been buried in accordance with Islamic customs. The average family's mourning period is only three days, which reflects the meaning of "the deceased is the soil security". The imam should be invited to preside over the funeral, clean the dead, wrap them in white cloth, bury them in the ground, and transport them into the Hui public cemetery in a corpse box. 7th, 40th,100th, week, year, month and day.
Four etiquette and taboos
Korean etiquette, Lu Yu acquaintance, to shake hands with each other. The guests came from outside, and the family treated each other warmly, offering cigarettes and making tea for the guests. Friends and neighbors should celebrate every happy event. In case of illness or disaster, visit and comfort. Taboo: Don't shake hands with people at work. Visit friends and avoid visiting during meals and lunch breaks. Avoid shaving your head in the first month. Avoid single dishes when entertaining guests. Funeral dishes are singular, so avoid even numbers.
Manchu respects their elders and pays attention to etiquette. The elders in Lu Yu should bow sideways, raise their hands and wait for the elders to pass by. Young students should respect their elders. Young students should pack cigarettes for their elders. Relatives and friends greet each other by shaking hands, and some by hugging. The west side of Manchu is the top, and people and sundries are not allowed to sit on the kang in the west of the room at will. Taboos: beating, killing, eating dog meat, wearing a dog skin hat and laying a dog skin plate. Guests are not allowed to wear dog skin hats or sleeves. It has faded in recent years, and it is not much different from the Han nationality.
Koreans pay attention to etiquette and honor their parents and elders, which is the traditional virtue of the whole nation. The younger generation must use honorifics when speaking to their elders; When people of the same age meet for the first time, they also use honorifics to express elegance and politeness. When eating, the elderly should be served first and a single table should be set for them. After the old man eats with a spoon, the whole family can eat. When eating, the spoon should be put in the soup bowl. If it is on the table, it means that it has been eaten. The younger generation does not drink or smoke in front of their elders; In a family dinner, when young people and old people can't avoid sitting at the same table, young people need to raise their glasses and drink heavily behind the table to show respect for the old people; When smoking, young people are not allowed to borrow a fire from the elderly, let alone bring a fire, otherwise it will be regarded as disrespectful behavior; When walking with elders, young people must walk behind their elders. If they are in a hurry, they must respectfully explain the reasons to their elders. On the way, young people should respectfully stand by the roadside to say hello, and old people should give way when they meet. Don't kill dogs or eat dog meat during weddings, funerals and celebrations.
Hui people pay attention to hygiene and wash their hands before and after meals. The average family is very clean and spotless. Pay special attention to the sanitation of water sources. All wells and springs for human consumption are forbidden for livestock to drink water, and no one is allowed to wash his face, wash clothes or bathe nearby. Taboo others smoking and drinking in their own homes; When eating steamed bread and pancakes, avoid eating them, and be sure to break them into two or more small pieces to eat; Treat the ban on grain as a joke; You can't use fasting as a metaphor, such as "Chili is as red as blood" and so on. Don't slander others behind their backs and talk about their shortcomings.