2. The backward economy is the material condition of bandits.

(1) Land annexation is serious, resulting in a large number of refugees.

(2) After years of famine, some victims became fugitives.

(3) exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees.

In short, during the period of the Republic of China, the war in Xiangxi continued for years, the rural economy went bankrupt, and a large number of rural people were forced to leave the land, which fundamentally formed a hotbed of bandits.