Shanwei is a prefecture-level city approved by the State Council at the beginning of 1988, and its administrative areas are Yuanhai and Lufeng. It has jurisdiction over Haifeng, Lufeng and Luhe counties, 3 offices, 40 towns, 10 township and 13 agricultural and forestry farms. The total area is 527 1 km2 and the total population is 2,583,000 (1.998). There are nearly one million overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in this city. Verbally, people still use that kind and vicissitudes name-Hai Lufeng.
Shanwei has a long history. According to the study of cultural relics unearthed in the southeast coast, ancestors fished, hunted and planted here in the Neolithic Age 6000 years ago. "Gong Yu" has the saying of Kyushu, when Shanwei belonged to southern Yangzhou in Kyushu; Zhou Li Xia Guan Zhi Fang is known as the land of uniforms; Spring and Autumn belongs to South Vietnam; When the Warring States entered Chu, it was called Baiyue. From the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty, Shanwei belonged to Boluo County in the South China Sea. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu's Ding Yuan (11years ago), Haifeng County was under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County, covering the whole Shanwei City and parts of Huilai, Puning and Jiexi. In the 11th year of Emperor Wendi (59 1), Dongguan County and Lianghua County were listed as Zhou Xun, and Haifeng County was changed to Zhou Xun. Tang Gaozu Wude five years (622), Haifeng disarmed, anlu county is located in the east. Anlu County originally belonged to Da 'antun (now under the jurisdiction of Daan Town, Lufeng City), and now it governs Lufeng City, Luhe County and parts of Huilai, Puning and Jiexi. Until the first year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (627), Anlu County was abolished and Haifeng County was restored, which was still under the jurisdiction of Zhou Xun. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Zhou Xun was changed to Zhou Zhen, and Shanwei belonged to Zhou Zhen. In the fourth year of Song Kaibao (97 1), Zhou Zhen was established in Guangnan East Road, and Tianxi was five years old (102 1). Because of the taboo of the name of Prince Zhao Zhen (later Renzong), Zhou Zhen was changed to Huizhou, and the four counties of Shihaifeng, Boluo, Heyuan and Guishan (now Huidong) belonged to Guangnan. Haifeng County has jurisdiction over eight capitals, namely Xingxian, Suk Kim, An Yang, Shitang, Fan Shi, Jikang, Fangfang and Longxi. Shanwei in Yuan Dynasty belonged to Guangdong Road and Huizhou Road in Jiangxi Province. Ming dynasty belongs to Huizhou prefecture, Guangdong province. In the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Huizhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province; In the 9th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (173 1), Fan Shi, Fangkuo and Jikang in the east of Haifeng County were placed in Lu Fengxian. The county is located in Donghai (now Donghai Town of Lufeng), and Haifeng and Lufeng counties belong to Huizhou Prefecture. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province during the flood season, and 19 (1930) was under the jurisdiction of the fourth administrative supervision area of Guangdong Province.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Haifeng and Lufeng were under the jurisdiction of Yuedongjiang Commissioner's Office. 1953 changed to East Administrative Office; 1957 belongs to Huiyang Commissioner's Office; 1958 12 was assigned to Shantou District Commissioner's Office; 1September, 983, under the jurisdiction of Huiyang regional institutions. 1988 65438+ 10, with the approval of the State Council, Shanwei city was established in the administrative areas of the former Haifeng and Lufeng counties, and the seven towns of Shanwei, Hongcao, Magong, Tung Chung, Tiangan, Jiesheng and Zhelang along the southern coast of Haifeng county were analyzed to build urban areas. Luhe County is located in 8 towns including Hotan, Hekou, Xintian, Luoxi, Shuilip, Shanghu, Nanwan and Dongkeng in the northern mountainous area of Lu Fengxian. At the end of 1992, Tiangan Town, Zhelang Town and the newly-built Red Bay Economic Development Experimental Zone were established in the urban area of this city. 1995 the overseas Chinese farm under the jurisdiction of Lufeng was established as an overseas Chinese management area, and the above two areas were dispatched by the municipal government. 1995, with the approval of the State Council, Lufeng withdrew from the county to build a city (county-level city), which was directly under the jurisdiction of the provincial government and entrusted to the Shanwei Municipal People's Government for escrow. At present, the areas under the jurisdiction of the whole city (including escrow) include Lufeng City, Haifeng County, Luhe County, urban area, Red Bay Economic Development Experimental Zone and Overseas Chinese Management Zone. There are 47 towns, 6 sub-district offices and markets within the jurisdiction, and the municipal government is located in Shanwei City.
Across the country, there may be many friends, and even friends in Guangdong may not even have heard of the name Shanwei, or they have only heard of it, but they don't know much about Shanwei. Of course, what's more, just because of another city with the word "Shantou"-Shantou Special Economic Zone, we think it has a beginning and an end, and we get the impression of Shanwei!
In fact, as long as I mention another name of Shanwei-Hai Lufeng, I'm afraid no one in the world doesn't know it, even overseas! For example, there is a folk proverb: "There is thunder in the sky, land, sea and air on the ground." Someone has made such an interpretation of it. Tough and tenacious folk customs always breed restless expectations and always accumulate the desire for change. When they are ready to go, they will explode: hey, our sea breeze! Shanwei City is basically established on the basis of Haifeng County and Lu Fengxian! When it comes to Shanwei, we can't help but mention the word "Hai Lufeng"! The popularity of Hai Lufeng in the whole country and at home and abroad is much higher than that of Shanwei, which is much louder! (In recent years, many people have proposed to change Shanwei City to "Hailufeng City", and even the local provincial people's congress representatives have formally adopted this as a proposal and submitted it to the Ninth Provincial People's Congress for deliberation! )
At present, many people's comments on Shanwei people are fierce and cruel. Indeed, Shanwei people are really fierce, which is actually the same as shanwei people's bravery in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the revolution. At that time, many people were "Shi Gandang".
Now there is a problem that people are puzzled by the complicated relationship between Hailufeng and Chaoshan. Whether Hailufeng belongs to Chaoshan is controversial. For some time, Shanwei people are also confused about whether they belong to Chaoshan area. Because in terms of language, customs and history, most of them can be classified as Chaoshan people. However, because they are far away from the base camp of Chaoshan for a long time, their languages and customs are very different! Therefore, I lack a sense of identity with Chaoshan, and I don't quite agree that I belong to "Chaoshan area". In addition, coupled with the Chaoshan people from other places, there is also great controversy about whether to include Shanwei in Chaoshan area! For example, many Chaoshan networks and websites have always identified Chaozhou, Jieyang and Shantou as Chaoshan cities when discussing Chaoshan. Many Chaoshan people disagree whether Shanwei is a "person" or a "person D"). What's even more ridiculous is that in many books about Chaoshan culture, it is said that Chaoshan is divided into Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang, but Shanwei dialect is classified as Chaoshan dialect, especially in Chen Zehong's "Overview of Chaoshan Culture". Haifeng is the earliest place where archaeology in Chaoshan area was discovered, and that book also includes Hai Lufeng. This makes Shanwei people particularly puzzled. In short, a considerable number of Chaoshan scholars often don't include the "Shanwei" in Chaoshan area when discussing "Chaoshan area"! It can be said that historically, Shanwei is not as closely connected with other Chaoshan areas. On the contrary, it has a stronger connection with Huizhou! Because Hailufeng area has been under the jurisdiction of Huizhou for a long time, and it has the sense of identity of Huiyang people. Of course, in some trendy websites, Chaoshan includes Shanwei. At the same time, in many universities, people from Hai Lufeng are generally Chaoshan people. But is Hailufeng the same as Chaoshan? There are many different views at present.
Of course, when people mention "Shanwei", they often think of "Chaoshan" involuntarily! Shantou Shanwei, everyone is a "Shantou person", and most people are of the same ancestry, and the language spoken is inextricably linked with customs. So, they are connected! However, Shanwei, formerly known as "Shan Mei", is close to the South China Sea and is rich in fish and shrimp. It is called the coastal fishing port and has beautiful coastal scenery, so it is named "Shan Mei". So Shanwei didn't intend to hook up with Shantou from the beginning. Of course, the original Chaoshan people, like the residents of Hailufeng, mostly came from Putian and Zhangzhou, Fujian, which are connected to form a region, speaking the same language and living the same customs and habits. And it was the same administrative region a long time ago, such as Jieyang in ancient times, both of which were included. These are the reasons why Hailufeng was classified into Chaoshan area.
In fact, Shanwei people are very different from Chaoshan people in other regions! In Hailufeng, Chaoshan culture in coastal areas and Hakka culture in inland areas develop independently and depend on each other, which is both brilliant and unique! Perhaps it is because Huizhou government, which pays equal attention to both Guangfu culture and Hakka culture, has long been under the jurisdiction of Shantou (only from the late 1950s to the early 1980s) and is surrounded by Hakka people. Shanwei faces the sea, and the others are in the middle of Huizhou, Heyuan, Meizhou and Jieyang. Hui, He and Mei are all Hakka areas, and Jieyang, which borders them, is mostly a semi-Hakka area, such as Jiexi, Puning and Jieyang. Therefore, people commonly call Hai Lufeng a "half-mountain traveler". However, due to the geographical relationship, many etiquette customs are not much different from other areas in Chaoshan. But at the wedding, the former Hailufeng was different from Chaoshan. The previous Hai Lufeng wedding was a bit like a funeral. When Hailusheng's daughter got married, all the cousins came as companions and sang wedding songs for three nights. On the eve of marriage, mothers, sisters-in-law and other women also joined the ranks of crying marriage. When getting on the sedan chair, the family cried like a funeral. The bride's dress is white. She looks like a dutiful wife with an umbrella. But now this kind of wedding has basically disappeared.
The biggest difference between the two should be the psychological slander between the two places.
For example, Chaoshan people say that Hai Lufeng is artificially "filling the field"? And Hai Lufeng is called Chaoshan people. It can be seen that the two places do not agree with each other psychologically. Of course, other psychological attribution is basically the same. But I think they are still different. However, Hailufeng culture is not a Chaoshan subculture, and we don't recognize it. Not to mention the Fulao subculture, Hailufeng language and culture is closer to Fujian culture. I believe that most of us in Shanwei don't want to belong to other people's culture without our own culture.
Another difference is language. Shanwei dialect is very miscellaneous, basically Fengxian, Lu Fengxian, downtown and so on. This is very popular in most areas.
"Fulao dialect". That is, Minnan dialect deeply influenced by Hakka dialect and Guangfu dialect. In Luhe County, Haifeng County and a few northern areas of Lu Fengxian, there are many Hakka dialects deeply influenced by Fulao dialect. There are also a small number of vernacular users concentrated in Shanwei Port and Magong Port, and most of them are deep-water fishermen. Others are "Jami dialect" and "She dialect"! Among them, "Zhanmi dialect" is a mixed dialect with Mandarin elements but deeply influenced by Hakka dialect and Minnan dialect. There are three dialect islands, namely Qingtang Village, Xin 'an Town, Lufeng City, Kanshitan Town, Daan Town and Longyintang Town, Pingdong Town, Haifeng County, with a population of about 9,000. "She language" is the national language spoken by the residents of She nationality living in Luohong Village, Ebu Town, Haifeng County, with a population of about 180. Let me briefly talk about the difference between Chaoshan dialect and Hailufeng Fulao dialect: Shanwei people say that things are "connected" or "refined"
In addition, the original Chaoshan area used "Pei" in pronunciation, and Hailufeng used it, just like Fujian Min dialect and Taiwanese dialect. Others are the same or similar in other respects. However, I think birds of a feather flock together is a very important symbol of a group.
The language of Shanwei people, whether Chaoshan dialect or Hakka dialect, has been deeply influenced by each other for a long time and its form has changed greatly! For example, compared with other places in Chaoshan, the "Fulao dialect" spoken by Shanwei people is biased because of the influence of Hakka people. Because of the influence of Chaoshan dialect, the Hakka dialect of Shanwei people is harder than that of Xingmei. !
In fact, Shanwei people are a unique crowd different from Chaoshan people and Hakka people! Their personalities have both the advantages of chaozhou people and the disadvantages of Hakkas, and they are combined on this basis. They not only have chaozhou people's united, loyal and strong character, but also have Hakka's optimistic, self-reliant and tenacious character! They are formed by the deep integration of these two different nationalities. I can't tell which is the character of Chaoshan people and which is the character of Hakka people! Their manners, behaviors, attitudes towards things and people, customs, customs, etc. , are unique to people other than Shanwei people, deeply branded with the brand of "Shanwei people"!
However, due to the geographical relationship between Hailufeng area and Chaoshan, traffic geography problems. In particular, language, psychology and customs are close, and the original Chaoshan administrative region is not the same. In this way, Hailufeng area can be classified as Chaoshan area. Of course, it is ok not to delimit Hailufeng, but it is absolutely not allowed to delimit Hailufeng dialect into Chaoshan dialect. Because language is the most important factor in judging a family. Of course, there are still too many different views on whether Hailufeng belongs to Chaoshan. In short, if Chaoshan certainly includes Hailufeng, it is because Hailufeng's culture is basically the same as Chaoshan. But if it refers to the original Chaoshan, it certainly does not include Hailufeng. In fact, everything is the same, but there must be no confusion, such as the embarrassment in the "Overview of Chaoshan Culture" edited by Chen Zehong.
As for the origin of the original Chaoshan administrative region and Hailufeng, how to locate it specifically. Because I am inexperienced and afraid of self-defeating, it depends on experts and scholars to give a conclusion. But the only thing that is certain is that Shanwei people and Chaoshan people belong to the same clan and are fellow villagers to some extent, which is an indisputable fact.