1. Regular and quantitative diet

Diabetic patients should try to keep their blood sugar stable and avoid large fluctuations, especially those who use hypoglycemic drugs and insulin. It is not advisable to blindly diet or skip a meal in order to lower blood sugar. Irregular diet is not conducive to doctors to adjust the dosage of drugs, but also causes hypoglycemia. Therefore, the diet should be regular, quantitative and reasonable. Suggest breakfast at 6:30~8:30, lunch11:30 ~13: 30 and dinner 18:00~20:00. On this basis, it is best to take part of the staple food in the main meal as supplementary food and eat it between meals.

2. The food is balanced and impartial.

Everyone has a preference for food. They usually eat more food they like, and most people who don't like it will eat less or even not. But in fact, for adults, no food can meet all nutritional needs, and every food has its nutritional advantages. Therefore, the Dietary Guide for China Residents suggests that we can eat all kinds of food in a balanced way, and the more kinds, the better. People with diabetes should avoid habits such as picky eaters and partial eclipse.

3. Dietary fiber is beneficial to blood sugar control.

Food provides energy for human life activities. In China, carbohydrates are the main energy source, and glucose is one of the most important carbohydrates. Most complex carbohydrates in food can only be absorbed after being digested and decomposed into glucose, which provides energy for human body. Glucose in the blood is called blood sugar. Knowing this, if you want to make blood sugar rise slowly after meals, you must delay the process of food digestion and absorption. Coarse grains contain a lot of dietary fiber, which can delay the digestion process, and these dietary fibers are often lost in the process of grain finishing. Therefore, as long as the digestive function is normal, it is best to increase the proportion of coarse grains in staple food.

4. Light diet: less oil, less salt and less sweetness.

With the improvement of living standards of China residents, the intake of animal food has also increased significantly. These delicious foods supplement high-quality protein and bring more fat. Coupled with the large increase in edible oil, our fat intake has also increased unconsciously. On the other hand, the survey on the nutrition and health status of residents in China in 2002 showed that the daily salt intake of urban and rural residents in China was 65438±02g, which greatly exceeded the recommended limit of 6g recommended by Dietary Guidelines for Residents in China. Although refined sugar can bring sweet and pleasant taste to food, it is decomposed and absorbed faster and has a great influence on blood sugar. Therefore, diabetic patients should pay attention to reducing animal fat, edible oil, salt, pickles, pickles, soy sauce, refined sugar, candied food and sweet drinks in their daily diet.

Second, the food choice of diabetes

1. Potato

The choice of grain should pay attention to the matching of thickness, in which coarse grains should account for about half of all staple foods. The coarse grains here refer to unprocessed grains, such as millet, coix seed, sorghum, oats, oat flour, corn flour and so on.

Potatoes include potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams, taro and so on. Because it contains more carbohydrates than other vegetables and can provide energy for human body, potatoes are also eaten as staple food. Compared with cereals, potatoes have the advantages of lower energy, slower digestion speed and less influence on blood sugar. Replacing some staple foods with potatoes can be beneficial to blood sugar control.

vegetables

Diabetic patients are suitable to choose some vegetables with low energy and high dietary fiber content, especially leafy vegetables. Such as: Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, celery, spinach, rape, oil wheat, chrysanthemum, cucumber, tomato and so on. It is generally recommended to take about 500g/day (1 kg). Among them, cucumbers and tomatoes are low in energy and can also be used as extra meals to alleviate hunger between meals.

3. Meat

Meat is the most important source of high-quality protein for human body, so we should pay attention to the choice of kinds and cooking methods when eating meat. Fish and other aquatic products are the first choice for meat. Because the water content of fish, shrimp and shellfish is high and the corresponding energy is low, the consumption can be appropriately increased by choosing aquatic products. Secondly, you can choose meat such as chicken and duck. It should be noted that the skin fat and cholesterol content of poultry is high and should be discarded when eating. The fat content of livestock meat is higher than that of fish, mainly saturated fatty acids. In order to reduce fat intake, it is recommended to avoid choosing ribs and beef brisket. Tenderloin is better. Cooking methods of meat should also be based on low-temperature cooking methods such as boiling, stewing and rinsing, and frying, frying and roasting should be avoided.

4. Fruit

Fresh fruit can not only provide rich vitamins, but also contain a lot of phytochemicals beneficial to human body. However, the sugar in fruits is often high, which has a great influence on blood sugar. People with diabetes should mainly choose apples, pears, oranges, grapefruit, strawberries and kiwis with low sugar content. Moreover, fruit should be eaten between meals, which can control blood sugar fluctuation to a minimum.

5.6 grams of salt, two spoonfuls of oil.

Restricting the use of salt and edible oil can be done step by step. Eating habits are developed from childhood, and sudden changes are often unsuitable. It is suggested that the majority of diabetic patients use special salt-limiting spoons and oil pots to control the intake of salt and oil. The daily consumption of salt should not exceed 6g, and the oil should be controlled at about 25g.

6. Choice of special foods for diabetes.

Now there are all kinds of special foods for diabetes in the market, and many large supermarkets have set up special counters for diabetes foods. But through observation, we will find that these foods have different labels, such as sucrose-free, low-sugar, sugar-free, xylitol and so on. So how should we choose? To understand this problem, we must first understand the classification of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates can be divided into sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, among which sugars can be divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides and sugar alcohols. Low-sugar and sugar-free foods mean that the content of monosaccharide and disaccharide per 100g food is lower than 5g and 0.5g respectively, which is clearly stipulated by this limited country. Sucrose is only one kind of disaccharide, and it is the most common sugar in daily life. The main ingredients such as rock sugar, white sugar and soft candy are sucrose. Xylitol does not belong to monosaccharide and disaccharide. Although it is sweet, it has little effect on blood sugar, so now many special foods for diabetes use it as a sweetener. Just because the price of xylitol is higher, the food containing xylitol will be more expensive.

From the above introduction, you must understand that sugar-free and xylitol foods are the first choice for diabetics, followed by low-sugar foods. As for sugar-free food, it is often just a gimmick used by merchants to confuse people. Glucose and maltose are inevitably added, which can not achieve the purpose of stabilizing blood sugar.

It is worth noting that not sugar-free foods can be safely eaten at will. Sugar-free foods are only low in added monosaccharides and disaccharides, not without carbohydrates. For example, rice, steamed bread and other staple foods eaten every day are not sweetened in the production process, but they still have a strong ability to raise blood sugar. This is because the staple food will be decomposed into monosaccharides after digestion, and then absorbed into the blood, which is also the main form of energy provided by staple food. Therefore, it is not that sugar-free foods will not raise blood sugar. It should be noted that eating sugar-free foods should also be moderate.

7. Diabetic patients should pay attention to supplementing water.

We know that water is the main component of the human body, and 80% of newborns are water. Although the water content of human body will gradually decrease with the increase of age, the water content of adults is still around 55%, which still accounts for more than half of the body weight. Because diabetes will have symptoms of increased urine volume, diabetic patients will control urine volume by reducing drinking water. In fact, the main reason for polyuria is that the increase of blood sugar exceeds the reabsorption capacity of the kidney, and the increase of urine concentration takes away more water from the body. If you reduce the amount of drinking water, the water lost in the blood will not be replenished, resulting in water shortage in the body. Therefore, diabetic patients should pay more attention to hydration. The recommended daily drinking amount is 1700~ 1500ml, which is equivalent to drinking three bottles of 550ml Nongfu Spring mineral water every day.

Third, the dietary misunderstanding of diabetes

1. Blind reduction of staple food

Some people think that eating less or not eating staple food can reduce the rise of blood sugar. Indeed, this method will have a certain effect in a short time. However, carbohydrates in staple food are the main source of human energy and should account for more than half of the total energy in the whole day. In particular, glucose is usually the only energy source for the brain and red blood cells. In the process of human energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism also needs carbohydrate to participate. Blindly reducing staple food will change the state of human energy metabolism, and this unhealthy diet is not desirable.

2. Be a vegetarian and don't eat meat.

Animal food is the most important source of high-quality protein, and its amino acid ratio is suitable for human needs, so it is irreplaceable for plant food. Animal food can also provide rich vitamins and minerals for human body, especially iron in red meat is not only rich in content, but also easier to absorb than plant food. Therefore, whether it is to control weight or blood sugar, eating vegetarian food is not worth the loss.

3. Don't limit the intake of vegetable oil.

In fact, animal oil and vegetable oil are both lipids. It provides more than twice as much energy as carbohydrates of the same mass in protein. Therefore, eating too much animal fat or vegetable oil will lead to too much total energy, which will affect the control of blood sugar. In addition, long-term excessive intake of fat will also increase weight, leading to a decline in insulin sensitivity in the body. It will also cause dyslipidemia and increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in diabetic patients. Therefore, on the basis of reducing animal-derived fat as much as possible, vegetable oil should also be restricted, and the daily intake of vegetable oil for diabetic patients should be below 25g.

4. Don't eat breakfast

Many diabetic patients, especially young patients, skip breakfast or only eat milk and eggs instead of staple food to control total energy intake and lower blood sugar. I don't know. Controlling heat in this way often fails. Because if you don't eat breakfast, you will be particularly hungry at noon, and unconsciously you will eat more than before, which will make your blood sugar rise faster. In fact, the purpose of blood sugar control is to stabilize blood sugar, which is extremely harmful to human body. Because diabetic patients have absolutely or relatively insufficient insulin secretion and poor blood sugar regulation ability, this practice of skipping breakfast will aggravate blood sugar fluctuation and violate the principle of blood sugar control. Therefore, diabetic patients must balance the calories in three meals to avoid a certain meal energy being too high or too low. In addition, setting dinner besides three meals, such as 9: 00 a.m., 3: 00 p.m. and bedtime dinner, will make the food for dinner more evenly distributed throughout the day and help blood sugar reach the standard smoothly.

5. You can eat more things that are not sweet.

It is said that you can eat more things that are not sweet, because the sweeter the food, the stronger the ability to raise blood sugar. In fact, this is not accurate.