1. The proportion of Hakkas in northern Guangdong is 65,438+0, 79.65% in Shaoguan area, 65,438+000% in Xinfeng and 99.65,438+09% in wengyuan county (Xinqiao, Yang Yongqi, Wengyuan local tourist flow research, Hakkas account for 97.6%). 4. Shixing county 96.8%6. Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County 76.06%7. Qujiang County (now qujiang district) 72.22%8. Lechang county 64.72%9. Renhua County 30.62% Qingyuan City 65438+. Fogang County 28.88%4, Yangshan County 25. 17%5, Lianzhou City 20.73%6, Liannan Yao Autonomous County 9.06%7, Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County 5.68% (Chen Yanhe's "A Brief Introduction to Hakka Dialect in Xiaosanjiang, Lianshan, Guangdong Province" contains the first Hakka Dialect Symposium album 1994. This picture adopts the image of Hakka in Hou's Survey on the Distribution of Hakka in Guangdong. 2. The distribution of Hakka in counties (cities) in northern Guangdong is 1, and there are four pure Hakka counties (more than 95% are Hakka): Xinfeng County, wengyuan county County, Shixing County and Nanxiong City, all of which are located in Shaoguan City, and the four counties (cities) are adjacent to Heyuan City and Ganzhou City, which has become an important part of the "Hakka Base Camp" in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. Among them, Shaozhou dialect is distributed in the north and west of Nanxiong City. 2. There are no counties and cities with 80%-95% Hakkas. There are three districts accounting for 70%-80%: Shaoguan (excluding Qujiang, which was recently changed from county to district), Qujiang County and Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, all in Shaoguan City. Among them, Shaoguan area and Qujiang county are mainly Cantonese, while Hakka dialect is mainly outside the urban area. The eastern, southern and western parts of Qujiang county are Hakka dialect areas, and the northern and central parts are Shaozhou dialect areas. The total population of Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County is 204,000 (in 2003), including 23,000 ethnic minorities, accounting for 1 1.3% of the county's population, and the Han nationality accounts for 88.7%. Yao nationality is mainly distributed in the northern part of the county, and the eastern, southern and northern parts of the county are mainly Hakka distribution areas, and the eastern and southern Hakka areas are connected with the western Hakka distribution areas in Qujiang, a neighboring county. The county seat is also a Hakka distribution area. 3. There are two counties and cities where Hakkas account for 60%-70%: Lechang and yingde city. Lechang urban area, the urban area is a Cantonese distribution area, the periphery of the urban area is Shaozhou dialect, and the northwest of the urban area is also the distribution area of Shaozhou dialect. The rest of the southwest, north and east are Hakka distribution, which is connected with the Hakka distribution area in Renhua County, a neighboring county. Yingde city, the urban area is Cantonese-speaking, and the towns and villages in the central and western regions are also Cantonese-speaking. Most of the rest of the city is Hakka distribution area, which is connected with Wengyuan and Xinfeng in pure Hakka county. 4. There are no counties and cities where Hakkas account for 40%-60%. 1 Counties and cities account for 30%-40%: Renhua County. The eastern and southern parts of the county are the distribution areas of Shaozhou dialect. The distribution of Shaozhou dialect in the east is connected with the distribution of Shaozhou dialect in the west of Nanxiong city. The west and north are Hakka distribution areas, which are connected with the Hakka areas in the east of Lechang City. The county seat is a Hakka distribution area. 5. There are four counties and cities where Hakkas account for 20%-30%: Qingyuan District (including Qingxin County later divided), Fogang County, Yangshan County and Lianzhou City, all located in Qingyuan City. Fogang County and most areas are Cantonese. The northern part is a Hakka distribution area, which is connected with the Hakka area in the east of yingde city and the west of Xinfeng, a pure Hakka county. Qingyuan jurisdiction (excluding Qingxin County, which was later divided) is a Cantonese area, which is connected with Qingxin County, which was later divided (the county seat and most areas are Cantonese areas), forming a larger Cantonese area. The north, the east and the south are all mixed with customers and Guangdong. Qingxin County and most areas are Cantonese-speaking areas. The south and west of the county live together with Guangdong. Yangshan county, the county seat is located in the middle of the county seat, and the county seat, the middle, north, east and south of the county seat are Cantonese-speaking areas. Hakka is distributed in the west of the county seat, which is connected with the Hakka area in the south of Liannan Yao Autonomous County. In Lianzhou, Shaozhou dialect is distributed in most areas, and it is also distributed in urban areas. Ethnic minorities are distributed in the north, and Cantonese is distributed in the south and west. 6. There are no counties and cities where Hakkas account for 10%-20%, but there are two counties and cities that account for1%-kloc-0/0%: Liannan Yao Autonomous County and Lianshan Zhuang Yao Autonomous County, both of which are ethnic minority autonomous counties. In Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County, Zhuang accounts for 42% and Yao accounts for 6%. According to Chen Yanhe's A Brief Introduction to Hakka Dialects in Xiaosanjiang, Lianshan, Guangdong, "Hakka dialects are mainly distributed in Xiaosanjiang, Shangshuai, Jiatian, Tang Fu, Yongfeng and other places, and there are about 65,438+100000 people who speak Hakka in 35 natural villages". Based on this calculation, the proportion of Hakkas in this county exceeds 10%. Cantonese is the main language in the north of the county, and it is widely used in the county. Ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the south of the county. In Liannan Yao Autonomous County, the Yao nationality accounts for 48%. Third, the situation of bilingual areas in northern Guangdong. Hakka dialect in northern Guangdong is interlaced with Cantonese. 1. Qingyuan City: Except Qingcheng, Puritan Taiping, Bai Wan, Zhalan and Shantang, all the other 24 townships have Cantonese and Hakka dialect areas. There are over 250,000 Cantonese speakers and over 654.38+600,000 Hakka speakers. 2. Fogang County: Except Shijiao Town, the county seat, which is Cantonese-speaking, there are some villages in other towns and villages with a population of about 50,000. 3. Yangshan County: some villages in towns and villages such as Libu, Daliang, Xinwei, du step, Qigong, Dongshan, Taiping, An Baili, Yangmei, Xiaojiang, Huangcha and Weighing Frame, about 168. 4. Lian County: some villages in Jiupi, Longtan, Gaoshan, Xijiang, Lianzhou, Fucheng, Longping, Chaotian, Baoan, Qingshui, Northeast and Yao 'an, with about 90,000 people. Hakka Cantonese bilingual area is one of the most widely distributed and widely used bilingual areas in the province. Its mother tongue is Hakka, and it is used in internal communication, and Cantonese is often used in external communication, including official business, broadcasting and publicity, business contacts and teaching. It is distributed in more than 30 cities and counties with a population of about 2 million (data 1990). There are mainly three types of areas, and the Hakka area in northern Guangdong belongs to the "staggered distribution area of Hakka and Cantonese". The formation of Cantonese area is not only the result of Hakka migration and diffusion, but also the result of the continuous infiltration of Cantonese and Min dialect, especially Cantonese. Bilingual areas are constantly forming and disappearing, and the final result is that one dialect gradually replaces another dialect, and the reason for the replacement lies not in the dialect itself, but mainly in the economy and dialect penetration in the area where the dialect passes. For example, the towns of Dacheng, Baishi, Hu Aixiang and Wang Sha in Xinyi County are all on both sides of the Huanghua River. This area used to be inhabited by Hakkas, and ancestors moved here after suppressing the Luopang Yao uprising in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. By this century, due to the infiltration of Cantonese, the areas with a population of nearly 654.38+million on both sides of the Huanghua River have formed a bilingual area of Hakka and Cantonese. In the 1970s, this bilingual area became an authentic Cantonese area, and a Cantonese-Hakka bilingual area emerged from the east of Huanghua. This can be seen from the strong penetration and fast speech speed of Cantonese. It can be predicted that in the near future, the largest Hakka dialect area in western Guangdong will evolve into Hakka-Cantonese dialect area and eventually into Cantonese dialect area, which is an irreversible trend. Source: Ye and Luo Kangning published the article "Distribution and Causes of Cantonese Dialect Areas" in Bilingual Dialect and Modern China (edited by Chen Enquan) 1999. Except for pure Hakka County (except Nanxiong County, which is Shaozhou Dialect), there are only two counties (cities) in northern Guangdong that can speak Hakka dialect: Renhua County and Ruyuanyao. All located in Shaoguan city. Reprinted from "Hakka community" /forum/thread.php? tid = 42043 & amppage= 1