1. Build a water conservancy project

The growth of crops is inseparable from water, and the development of agriculture is inseparable from water conservancy construction. The Han Dynasty attached importance to the construction of farmland water conservancy. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Han Ming managed the Yellow River on a large scale twice. (Showing Guanzhong Water Conservancy Map) The Yellow River burst its banks many times in the early Han Dynasty, and the floods were serious. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty recruited tens of thousands of migrant workers to go to repair it, and personally visited the Yellow River construction site, ordering all civil servants to carry firewood to block the breach. Since then, there has been no major flood in the Yellow River for 80 years. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the south of the Yellow River moved, and the lower reaches of the Yellow River flooded, flooding dozens of counties. "People complain." When Emperor Hanming was in power, hundreds of thousands of working people in the Yellow River valley used various methods. After a year, the flood was eliminated, the river course was stable, the vast land in flood-prone areas was cultivated again, and a large area of land was irrigated by the Yellow River, creating conditions for the development of agricultural production. In the following 800 years, the Yellow River did not change its course and the floods decreased.

2. Improve farming techniques and tools.

Agriculture in the Han Dynasty was greatly improved.

(1) Plow wall (showing Plow wall map) Before the Western Han Dynasty, there was no Plow wall. After the plow wall is installed, it is convenient to turn over, break up and ridge, which improves the farming efficiency. Therefore, the invention of plow wall is a significant development of plow reform, which is nearly 1000 years earlier than Europe.

(2) Bumpering (guiding students to read pictures of Bumpering) Bumpering is a sowing tool. Ask the students to think about how seeds are sown in the field by trolley. Why does it have three feet? How do people manipulate it? This three-legged cart can sow three rows at the same time. The seeds are stored in the hopper, and a small shovel is installed at the end of the hoe to play the role of ditching. One person helps plough, one person helps morning glory, and all tasks of ditching, planting and covering are completed at one time. This car can sow one hectare of land a day.

(3) Niu Geng Science and Technology

(Guide students to read the map of Niu Geng in the Eastern Han Dynasty) In the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, Niu Geng was widely popularized. At that time, the farming method of two people and three cows was widely used, and the farming method of two Niu Yi people appeared.

3. Planting of food crops

The development of water conservancy in Han Dynasty was beneficial to the popularization of wheat. In the Han dynasty, wheat was widely planted in the north and became one of the main food crops. Rice is mainly planted in the Yangtze River basin and its south area.

4. Vegetable cultivation

The variety of vegetables increased in Han Dynasty. Today, people in China often eat radishes, celery, taro, leeks, onions and garlic. , are only in the Han dynasty. At that time, people had cultivated vegetables in greenhouses, which was the first new technology in the world, more than 1000 years earlier than Europe. There was a special greenhouse in the Western Han Dynasty, and more than 20 kinds of vegetables were planted in the greenhouse in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Let's divide the students into groups and design the recipes of Han people, including staple food and vegetables.

5. Planting in Sang Ma

China is the first country in the world to cultivate mulberry and sericulture. Before the Han Dynasty, cultivation in Sang Ma was limited to some places. At this time, in the rural areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, mulberry trees were planted in front of and behind the houses of every household, and some rich households owned thousands of acres of Sang Ma. The extensive cultivation in Sang Ma promoted the development of silk and linen weaving industry.

Third, the prosperity of handicrafts.

During the Western Han Dynasty, the rapid development of agriculture and the extensive use of iron tools created favorable conditions for the development of handicrafts.

1. Development of iron smelting industry

At that time, the iron smelting industry developed rapidly, with many workshops and large scale. Archaeology has discovered many iron smelting sites in Han Dynasty. Among them, coal and coal cakes mixed with soil and grass stalks were found in the iron smelting site of the Western Han Dynasty in Henan Province, indicating that coal was used as the fuel for iron smelting at that time. Please find out the areas where iron smelting was developed in Han Dynasty. This place belongs to Nanyang County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Du Fu, the prefect of Nanyang, invented the water platoon. The water drain is a kind of hydraulic blower, which uses hydraulic power to drive the exhaust fan to blow. Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were skin explosions and animal explosions, and the invention and use of water rafts made the explosion technology a step further. Its advantages are stable gas supply, large energy supply and labor saving. This is one of the great achievements of iron smelting technology in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is 1000 years earlier than that in Europe, and it is also the first technology in the world. The ironware in the Eastern Han Dynasty was fine. At that time, iron weapons replaced bronze weapons.

2. Copper smelting

During the Qin and Han dynasties, the copper smelting industry was still very prosperous. Bronzes in the Han Dynasty were exquisitely made, and the craftsmanship and ingenuity of flying swallows and palace lanterns are rare in the world.

3. Progress of silk industry

Silk weaving technology in Han Dynasty has been greatly improved, with the products of Linzi (now Zibo City, Shandong Province) and Xiangyi (now Suixian County, Henan Province) being the most famous. There are a large number of silk products, many varieties and fine workmanship, including precious brocade, silk and yarn. Jacquard was already used at that time, and the textile technology of Han Dynasty was in the forefront of the world. (Instruct students to watch the plain gauze dress unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha) This plain gauze dress is made of luosha, as thin as cicada wings and as light as a feather, with a length of1.28cm, which can be held in the hand when folded, and weighs only 49g, which shows the high knitting level at that time.

Fourth, the prosperity of Beijing.

The development of agriculture and handicrafts in the Han Dynasty promoted the prosperity of commerce, and prosperous metropolises appeared, the largest of which were Chang 'an in the Western Han Dynasty and Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which were called "East-West Beijing". Chang 'an has a population of about 500,000, Luoyang has a population of more than one million, and the area of Chang 'an is more than three times that of Rome. Chang 'an's business is very prosperous. There are nine special business districts in the city, called "City", where businessmen gather and goods are complete. On the streets of Chang 'an, cars and horses are bustling and bustling.