Tofu, bean curd skin, avocado, pitaya, macadamia nuts, pine nuts, walnuts, pure milk yogurt, fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish, meat, edible oil, eggs, fresh bacteria and algae.
Potatoes, sweet potatoes, which have high starch content, should be eaten less. Milk powder, cheese, canned fish, beets and lotus roots are not suitable for eating.
Question 2: How to make a delicious and accurate ketogenic diet? Since the ketogenic diet is based on high fat, low carbohydrate and low protein, we should pay attention to high fat and try to eat less carbohydrates and protein.
High-fat foods such as fat meat and various fried foods.
There should be nothing you can't eat, but because fat is the main energy source, you should reduce foods with high starch and sugar content such as rice, pasta and candy, and eat less foods with high protein content such as chicken, duck and fish.
Question 3: What is a ketogenic diet? Studies have shown that ketogenic diet is effective for 50% children with intractable epilepsy (seizures are reduced by more than 50%), and 30% children can reduce seizures by 90%. This is because, in ketogenic diet, fat will be the main energy source of human body, and the intermediate products of fat catabolism (acetone, acetoacetic acid and? L- hydroxybutyric acid) has an inhibitory effect on epileptic seizures. Ketogenic diet is mainly suitable for patients with intractable epilepsy or intolerance to drugs and surgery. It should be reminded that uncooperative patients or their families should not be treated with ketogenic diet, because this treatment requires the close cooperation of neurologists, nutritionists and parents. During the treatment, parents must learn to weigh food, test urine ketone, record children's food preferences, taboos and drinks they usually drink.
Question 4: Ketogenic food Huashan Hospital is very strong in neurology and surgery;
The neurology department of Ruijin Hospital is also quite strong.
Deji Hospital Brain Tumor/Epilepsy Center is also quite strong.
Deji Hospital (Wang Man nutritionist) is a special project to treat epilepsy with ketogenic diet, which is unique in Shanghai.
Question 5: How can we achieve a "ketogenic diet"? Studies have shown that ketogenic diet is effective for 50% children with intractable epilepsy (seizures are reduced by more than 50%), and 30% children can reduce seizures by 90%. This is because, in ketogenic diet, fat will be the main energy source of human body, and the intermediate products of fat catabolism (acetone, acetoacetic acid and? L- hydroxybutyric acid) has an inhibitory effect on epileptic seizures. Ketogenic diet is mainly suitable for patients with intractable epilepsy or intolerance to drugs and surgery. It should be reminded that uncooperative patients or their families should not be treated with ketogenic diet, because this treatment requires the close cooperation of neurologists, nutritionists and parents. During the treatment, parents must learn to weigh food, test urine ketone, record children's food preferences, taboos and drinks they usually drink.
Question 6: What foods can produce ketones? Glycogenic ketogenic amino acids refer to a kind of amino acids that can be converted into both sugar and ketone bodies in the body. Include tryptophan, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Smart plan: a coloring book. An (isoleucine) book (phenylalanine) discoloration (tyrosine) book (threonine). Relationship between sugar-producing ketogenic amino acids and three major metabolism
Question 7: ketogenic diet examination ● Hypoglycemia If patients can produce ketosis, they can generally tolerate hypoglycemia. If you have excessive hypoglycemia with nervous system symptoms, you can take an appropriate amount of carbohydrates orally (such as 100-200ml orange juice). ● Check the blood gas analysis of ketosis. If the PH value is normal, continue the ketogenic diet. If the PH value is low (uncompensated acidosis), reduce the proportion of ketogenic diet or take appropriate carbohydrates orally (such as 100-200ml orange juice). ● Check whether there are other carbohydrates (such as toothpaste, drinks, sugary drugs, etc. ) ketosis ● Check the blood gas analysis of nausea/vomiting. If the PH value is low and the ketone body is high (no compensatory acidosis), see above for treatment (too much ketosis); If ketone body is low, check blood sugar. ● Sleepiness or sleepiness is generally transient and can disappear within 1-2 weeks. Pay attention to whether there are other drugs that cause drowsiness (such as lumina and diazepam). ● Nervous system symptoms: increased or ineffective seizures. If seizures increase early in the ketogenic diet, you need to consider stopping immediately. If the ketone body is within the required range and the attack does not decrease, 1-3 months later, it is confirmed to be ineffective, and glucose can be given to terminate the ketogenic diet. If the attack time is very long, give diazepam 5- 10 mg static push. Close contact should be maintained with family members at the initial stage of follow-up until the family members are more confident in the treatment and can maintain it stably. You can follow up once every 3-6 months. Follow-up items include evaluating children's nutritional status, adjusting food calories and ingredients according to height, weight and age, detecting side effects, and necessary laboratory tests. (Refer to Table 5. Children under 2 years old or with nutritional disorders should also increase the number of follow-up visits. Keep taking 1-3 months, and then evaluate whether the ketogenic diet is effective. If stopping ketogenic diet is ineffective, the ratio of ketogenic diet should be gradually reduced, such as from 4: 1 to 3: 1 to 2: 1, until ketosis disappears. If effective, you can maintain a ketogenic diet for 2-3 years. It is reported that the longest use is over 10 years. You can then gradually deactivate it. The method is to reduce the proportion of ketogenic diet every 2-3 months until ketosis disappears. For patients with Glu- 1, PDH deficiency and tuberous sclerosis, the treatment time should be extended. For patients with complete seizure control, 80% of them can still remain seizure-free after stopping the ketogenic diet. The risk factors of recurrence include epileptic discharge of EEG, abnormal neuroimaging structure and tuberous sclerosis. When the seizures increased and recurred during the reduction, the original proportion could be restored, and most patients (58%) could regain seizure control. The ketogenic diet does not necessarily require the final cessation, and some family members have always insisted on eating like this. When the ratio of 4: 1 is unbearable for elderly children and adolescents, it is sometimes an effective method to reduce the ratio to 2: 1 or 1: 1 to maintain eating. Side effects The ketogenic diet is not completely risk-free. It is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the effects of seizures and a large number of antiepileptic drugs on children and the advantages and disadvantages of ketogenic diet side effects. Generally speaking, there are few serious side effects. Even if there are some minor side effects, most children do not need to stop taking drugs, but doctors still need to monitor the following side effects. Common short-term side effects are: 1 nausea 2 vomiting 3 hypoglycemia 4 acidosis 5 lethargy 6 dehydration 7 refusal to eat. Most of these side effects are short-lived and can be effectively treated. The main long-term side effects are: 1 kidney calculi incidence: 5-6%. Diagnosis: renal B-ultrasound or hematuria detection and treatment: avoiding liquid restriction, alkalizing urine (potassium citrate), breaking stones (rarely needed) and stopping carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (such as acetazolamide and topiramate) 2 Constipation incidence: frequent diagnosis: clinical manifestations treatment: increasing fiber intake, increasing liquid intake 3 fat increase diagnosis: fat increase body shape treatment: reducing the proportion of ketogenic diet and increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. If the blood lipid continues to rise, and there is no other clear explanation, bone age determination and treatment: increase the intake of protein, vitamins and minerals, especially calcium. Diagnosis of abnormal bone metabolism and fracture: monitoring blood calcium, parathyroid hormone and bone density treatment: supplementing appropriate calcium to supplement other side effects reported during ketogenic diet treatment. Sample: 1066 cases% vomiting 59 5.53 hyperlipidemia 28 2.63 acidosis 2010.88 diarrhea/constipation 2010.88 elevated serum uric acid1910.78 kidney calculi. & gt
Question 8: Ketogenic diet (KD for short) is a formula diet with high fat and low carbohydrate. protein and other nutrients are suitable, which does not affect normal growth and development, but also has the effect of treating epilepsy, tumors and other diseases. For decades, this therapy has been used to treat intractable epilepsy in children. Although its antiepileptic mechanism is not clear, its effectiveness and safety have been recognized.