The name "Sanhuang Chicken" was given by Zhu Yuanzhang. Ranked first in the authoritative book "China Poultry Records" of the Ministry of Agriculture, this kind of chicken belongs to the natural stocking of farmers. Its meat is tender, delicious and nutritious, and it enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Because of its small size, yellow appearance (yellow feather, yellow claw and yellow beak), strong viability, high egg production, fresh and tender meat and other excellent characteristics, domestic chicken breeds widely raised are named after yellow feather, yellow beak and yellow foot. The adult chicken weighs about 3-4 Jin, and the chicken is tender and smooth, with crisp skin and soft bones, full of fat and delicious taste. So the whole world recognizes it. Sanhuang Chicken is one of the most famous native chickens in China.
Production performance:
Adult weight (22 weeks old): rooster: 1600 ~ 1800g, hen:1250 ~1400g; Delivery age: 130 ~ 150 days. Birth weight:1150 ~1200g. Egg weight: 42 ~ 46g. Number of eggs laid at 500 days old: 180 ~ 200. Male to female ratio: 1: 12 ~ 15. The fertilization rate was 88% ~ 91%; The hatching rate of fertilized eggs is 90% ~ 93%. The slaughter rate is 88.5%; The total clean bore rate was 65%, the leg muscle rate was 25.0%, and the chest muscle rate was 18.8%.
Vacuum-packed cooked chicken, after strict modern technology processing, still maintains the true color and original flavor of Sanhuang chicken, does not add any pigment and chemical components, and is convenient to carry and eat, in line with the rhythm of urban life, and is an ideal green convenience food for modern families, outings and gifts.
The so-called three-yellow chicken does not refer to a certain breed, but refers to the general name of high-quality broilers with yellow feathers. With the improvement of people's living standards and the increase of consumer market, the demand for broilers has increased. In order to meet the needs of consumers, chicken science and technology personnel actively cultivate and breed Sanhuang chickens according to modern genetic breeding principles and technologies. Since Guangdong introduced Shi Qi hybrid chickens from Hongkong, the broiler industry has developed rapidly and the number of Sanhuang chickens has increased. According to their production performance and size, Guangdong Sanhuang chickens can be roughly divided into the following four categories: (1) Guangdong local breeder farms, commonly known as local breeders. (2) High-quality "imitation soil" yellow chicken represented by Shiqiza and Huangyue chicken. (3) Based on the improvement of Shi Qi hybrid chicken, its growth speed is faster, commonly known as "Zhongkuai" Sanhuang chicken. (4) A kind of "fast-growing" Sanhuang chicken, represented by Huang Yue "882", is a big and fast-growing broiler breed with certain blood relationship. These Sanhuang chickens not only keep the high-quality flavor of traditional Sanhuang chickens, but also improve the growth rate, feed conversion rate, meat production and egg production.
Feeding mode:
There are two main ways to raise Sanhuang chickens: flat raising with thick bedding on the ground and flat raising on the internet.
1, the way of raising thick padding on the ground: the way of raising thick padding on the ground is to spread padding with a thickness of about 10 cm on the ground in the henhouse, and chicks have been living on it from being raised indoors to being sold on the market. This is the most commonly used feeding method at present. The thick padding on the ground should be dry, soft, absorbent and not moldy. Commonly used bedding materials are shavings, sawdust, rice husk and chopped wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, etc., with a length of 3-6 cm. These fillers mix better. The maintenance of thick pad plate is simple and easy, with less equipment investment and low defective rate; The disadvantage is that broilers are prone to intestinal diseases and coccidiosis, which will increase the cost of drugs.
2. The method of flat cultivation on the internet: erect a net rack at a height of 50-60 cm from the ground, horizontally place round bamboo poles or wooden strips with a thickness of about 2 cm on the net rack to make a net bed, and spread a plastic net or barbed wire on it to let chickens live online. Although the equipment investment of this method is high, because the chicken manure falls on the ground and the chickens are not in contact with it, the incidence of coccidiosis, colibacillosis, chronic respiratory diseases and other diseases in the chickens can be significantly reduced, the medical expenses can be reduced, the environment in the chicken house can be easily controlled, and the cost of padding can be saved.
Increase egg production:
Egg production is a comprehensive index of breeding, nutrition, feeding and management technology of Sanhuang breeder chickens. Any kind of deficiency may lead to a decline in egg production. In production practice, it is not easy to maintain the high egg production of Sanhuang breeders. This is also a scientific and technological problem that all kinds of Sanhuang chickens need to solve. The problem of low egg production of breeder chickens is widespread in production units that raise Sanhuang chickens everywhere.
1. In terms of physiological factors, there are five factors that affect egg laying: egg laying intensity, sexual maturity, bulkiness, winter rest and egg laying durability. These factors are heritable traits and can also be changed by feeding management techniques. Scientific research and production practice have proved that feeding restriction technology is an effective means to improve the physiological characteristics of chickens and increase egg production. Therefore, in order to improve egg production, it is necessary to implement feeding restriction technology. The handle can be changed manually. The durability of winter rest and spawning can be changed by the choice of brooding season and artificial light. 2. Egg production is an important quantitative trait of chickens, which is closely related to their own physiological conditions, genetic factors, nutritional conditions and external environmental conditions. It is a very effective and main technical means to improve the egg production of Sanhuang breeders from the perspective of genetic breeding. According to the determination, the heritability of egg production of 500-day-old chickens is 0.25 ~ 0.35. At the same time, the egg production of Sanhuang chickens varies greatly among individuals. For example, the egg production of hybrid chickens in Shi Qi ranges from dozens to 277. It is completely feasible to gradually improve the egg production of offspring by constantly selecting many individuals with high egg production to form a core group. 198 1 When Shi Qi hybrid chickens were first introduced, the egg production was only 100. After several generations of breeding, the egg production has increased to about 140. Meat quality traits should also be considered in Sanhuang chicken breeds bred by multiple crosses, and at the same time, varieties or strains with high egg production should be selected as ancestral parents, so that hybrid parents can produce high egg production.
3. Improving the local environmental conditions of breeder's life is an important aspect to improve the egg production, including the idea of controlling the temperature of henhouse at 15℃ ~ 25℃ as far as possible, reducing the stress of various factors and providing a comfortable and quiet environment. [ 1]
4. The nutritional status of feed is another important factor affecting the egg production, which must meet all kinds of nutritional components and requirements needed by Sanhuang breeders to lay eggs. Generally, the feed nutrition of breeders during laying period is 17% ~ 18%, and the metabolic energy is10.89 ~1.62 mj.
Disease prevention:
The feeding cycle of Sanhuang chicken is short. Once any disease occurs, even if it is controlled, it is often sold before it can recover. Therefore, we should base ourselves on health and epidemic prevention and have the concept of "prevention is more important than treatment".
1. Implement the "all-in and all-out" system, that is, only the same batch of chicks are brought into the same henhouse or chicken farm at a time, and all chickens of the same age are taken out on the same day. After coming out, it is thoroughly cleaned, washed and disinfected, and then the henhouse is idle for more than a week before taking over the next batch of chicks. Because chickens of different ages in chicken farms or chicken houses have no chance to cross feelings, the epidemic link of infectious diseases is cut off, thus ensuring the safe production of chickens.
2. Do a good job of disinfection: thoroughly disinfect the henhouse and the equipment in the house; Personnel and vehicles should be disinfected in and out; Disinfect chickens at least once a week 1 time, clean and disinfect the environment around the henhouse regularly, strengthen the management of padding, and keep the padding dry and mildew-free.
3. Make an appropriate immunization plan: 1-3-day-old patients are given infectious bronchitis vaccine H 120 or Ma5 eye drops; At the age of 7 days, Lasota (soda) or Clrone (clone) -30 or II was used for nasal drops or eye drops. 14-day-old bursal vaccine D-78 drink water or drop water; At the age of 26-28 days, drink twice the dose of water of Newcastle disease Lasota or Clrone-30 vaccine. If necessary, drink water again with D-78 bursa at the age of 35 days.
Or, at the age of 1 day, the newly branched bivalent vaccine ND-H 120 or ND-Ma5 is used as eye drops or nasal drops, and at the age of 1/3, live Newcastle disease oil emulsion vaccine is injected under the neck and half dose of 0.2ml/ feather is injected subcutaneously on the back; 14 days old, drink water or drip with bursa D-78; Drink water from bursa of fabricius at the age of 32-35 days.
4. Preventive administration in drinking water or feed: Antibiotics are added intermittently in drinking water or feed to prevent the occurrence of some bacterial diseases.