cassava
Another name
Wood sweet potato
Family and genus
Euphorbiaceae, cassava.
Features and characteristics
Cassava is a shrubby perennial crop. The stems are erect, woody, 2-5m high, and the leaves are palmately parted, papery and lanceolate. Unisexual flowers, panicles, terminal, monoecious. Female flowers are inserted at the base of inflorescence, pale yellow or purplish red, stigma trifoliate, ovary trifoliate and green. Male peanuts are bell-shaped in the upper inflorescence and begin to bloom 3-5 months after planting. Flowers in the same order, female flowers bloom first, male flowers bloom later, with an interval of 7- 10 days. Capsule, rectangular, brown seeds, fine roots, thick roots and tuberous roots. The tuberous root is fleshy and rich in starch. Cassava has strong adaptability, drought resistance and barren resistance. In areas where the annual average temperature is above 18℃ and the frost-free period is more than 8 months, it can be planted in mountains and plains. Rainfall is 600~6000 mm, tropical and subtropical altitude is below 2000 m, and soil pH is 3.8 ~ 8.0. The most suitable annual average temperature is about 27℃, the daily average temperature difference is 6 ~ 7℃, the annual rainfall is 1000 ~ 2000 mm, the distribution is uniform, the pH is 6.0 ~ 7.5, the sunshine is sufficient, and the soil layer is deep.
Distribution
Cassava is native to tropical America and widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions, mainly distributed in Brazil, Mexico, Nigeria, Bolivia, Thailand, Colombia, Indonesia and other countries. China was introduced and cultivated in 19, and now it has been widely distributed in South China. Guangdong and Guangxi have the largest planting area, followed by Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces, and Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces also have a small amount of planting.
use
Cassava is mainly used in food, feed and industrial development and utilization. Rhizome starch is one of the main raw materials for manufacturing starch in industry. 65% of the world's total cassava production is used for human food, which is the main food crop for low-income farmers in tropical wetlands. Cassava powder and leaves, as raw materials for feed production, are high-energy feed raw materials. In the fermentation industry, cassava starch or dried slices can be used to produce alcohol, citric acid, glutamic acid, lysine, cassava protein, glucose, fructose and so on. These products have important uses in food, beverage, medicine, textile (dyeing cloth), paper making and so on. It is mainly used for feed and starch extraction in China.
1. Experts suggest that cassava should be peeled and sliced first, and then cooked by baking or boiling, so that the processed cassava can be safely eaten. Other processed cassava products, such as cassava starch, cassava strips or cassava flour, are almost harmless to human body because toxic substances have been removed during processing.
2. Sweet varieties can be directly cooked and eaten, can be canned or fresh, can also be made into cakes, biscuits, vermicelli, shrimp slices and other foods, and their leaves can also be eaten as vegetables. It can be used as heat energy feed for livestock, poultry and fish to replace all grain components in compound feed. Used in sugar industry to produce glucose, fructose, etc. Fermentation industry, producing alcohol, drinking wine, various organic acids, amino acids, cassava protein, etc.
3. Chemical industry: manufacturing sorbitol, mannitol, emulsifier, coatings, etc. And is particularly expected to be used for manufacturing degradable plastic products.
Cassava is one of the three largest potatoes in the world (cassava, sweet potato and potato). There are more than 100 varieties of cassava, among which cassava is the only one used for economic cultivation, and the others are wild varieties. Cassava can be divided into sweet and bitter.
Main pests and diseases
African virus disease, Xanthomonas cassava and Coccidium cassava.
Main pests: single-claw mite and mealybug. Frankliniella westermani, Bemisia tabaci, etc.
officinal
Drug Name: Cassava
Source: cassava leaf, a dicotyledonous plant medicine Euphorbiaceae.
Efficacy: detumescence and detoxification.
Indications: used for carbuncle, sore, swelling and pain, traumatic injury, traumatic swelling and pain, scabies, stubborn tinea, etc.
Sexual taste: bitter, cold. This species of Heart Meridian is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is the whole grass, especially the fresh root tuber. There are many reports of cassava poisoning. Symptoms of poisoning are mild, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dizziness. In severe cases, it is difficult to breathe, palpitation is accelerated, pupils are dilated, even coma, and finally convulsions, shock, and death due to respiratory failure. It can also cause chronic diseases such as goiter, fatty liver, optic nerve and motor nerve injury.
Administration and dosage: oral: decoction, 3-6g. External use: apply proper amount to the affected area, or grind it into powder for oral administration.
Distribution of animal and plant resources: Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan are cultivated.
Latin name: cassava.
Textual research: It was first published in Xinhua Compendium of Materia Medica.
You can eat it when it is cooked.