Warrior figurines unearthed in Qin Dynasty are divided into military figurines, military attache figurines, knight figurines, archer figurines and infantry figurines, and their armor and costumes show a strict hierarchy. Armor can be divided into four types according to their shapes, namely, chest protector, armor, cavalry infantry armor and rider-specific armor. This picture shows the shape of the chest and abdomen. This kind of armor has a special shape. Only the chest and abdomen have a nail plate with a wide edge around it. There are no nail plates on the shoulders and back, and the back is tied to the nail plate in front of the body with diagonal straps. There are colorful patterns on the surface of the belt, which seems to be the clothing of junior officials.

This is the most common armor style in Qin terracotta warriors and horses, and it is the costume of ordinary soldiers. This kind of armor has the following characteristics: the breastplate is pressed by the upper piece, and the abdominal plate is pressed by the lower piece, which is convenient for movement. Starting from the middle line of the chest and abdomen, all the nail plates are stacked from the middle to both sides, and the combination of the shoulder nail plates is the same as that of the abdomen. The nail plates around the shoulders, abdomen and neck are connected by nail belts. There are nails on all nail plates, ranging from two to three or four, with no more than six at most. The front and rear armor are equal in length. They are all 64 cm, and the trouser legs are generally round with no extra edges around them.

General Qin's armor

This kind of armor was worn by generals who commanded in the cold war. There are no nail patches on the chest and back, and they are all painted with geometric patterns. It seems to be made of a hard brocade, or it may be made of leather and painted with patterns. The shape of armor is pointed at the front chest and hem, straight at the back hem and wide around. It is also made of brocade or leather with geometric patterns on it. The whole armor is 97 cm in front and 55 cm in back. Below the chest, the center of the back and the lower back are decorated with small nail plates. There are 160 nail plates all over the body. The nail plate is square in shape, each side is wide and the handle is cm. The fixing method of the nail plate is to use a thong or beef tendon to penetrate the group in a V shape and nail it firmly with rivets. In addition, the shoulders are also equipped with shawls made of similar leather, and ribbons are also exposed on the chest, back and shoulders.

Bright armor in the Southern and Northern Dynasties

During the Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties, armor was mainly composed of two sleeves, hip armor and bright armor. The origin of the word "bright armor" is said to be related to the circular protection on the chest and back. Because most of these circular shields are made of metals such as copper and iron, the polished aurora looks like a mirror. Wearing bright armor on the battlefield will give off dazzling "light" because of the sun's irradiation, hence the name. There are many styles of this kind of armor, and the complexity is also different: some just add two round guards at the front and back of the crotch, some are equipped with shoulder pads and knee pads, and some are so complicated that there are several shoulder pads. Most of the bulletproof vests grow to the hips, and the waist is tied with a belt. On the left, the terracotta figures are military commanders wearing gloves and bright armor. On the right is the display of bright armor.

Suijia

The most commonly used armor in the Sui Dynasty was crotch and strong light. Compared with the previous generation, the crotch structure has been improved and the shape has changed a little. Generally, small nail pieces with scales and other shapes are woven, and the length extends to the abdomen, replacing the original leather nail skirt. The hem of the bulletproof vest is crescent-shaped and lotus-leaf-shaped nail pieces to protect the lower abdomen. These improvements have greatly enhanced the defense from the waist down. The shape of Ming Guanglong is basically the same as that of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but the leg skirt has become longer. The military uniform of Sui Dynasty is a kind of round neck robe.

Tangjia

Armor in the Tang Dynasty was used in actual combat, mainly armor and leather armor. In addition to real armor and leather armor, silk armor was widely used in the armor of the Tang Dynasty. Silk armor is armor made of silk and other textiles. It is light in structure and beautiful in appearance, but it has no defensive ability and cannot be used in actual combat. It can only be used as a general's uniform or ceremonial uniform.

According to the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, there are thirteen kinds, such as Ming Guang, Eta Ursae Majoris, Fine Scale, Mountain Pattern, Bird Hammer, White Cloth, Soap Roll, Cloth Back, Infantry, Leather Armor, Mujia, Lock Armor and vest. Among them, Mingguang, Eta Ursae Majoris, Suozi, Shanwen, Bird Hammer and Thin Scale are armor, and the latter three are named after the style of armor pieces. Leather armor, wooden armor, white cloth, soap roll and cloth back are all named after the manufacturing materials. It can be seen that Suozi and Shanwen are two kinds of armor in parallel.

Shanwenjia

Balance, hoop and herringbone all belong to one category. They're not full body armor. However, I think some of their protective abilities are different. Xiangshan's "inverted cliff" nail plate is convex in the middle and concave on both sides, and a whole nail plate is formed by interlocking multiple nail plates, which makes the surface of the nail plate form countless concave and convex surfaces, which is very beneficial to arrow prevention. Both Song and Ming dynasties were equipped with this kind of armor, which even affected the art of folk painting, and the warriors in folk painting all wore this kind of armor. I like this kind of armor because it is unique to China.

Five Dynasties and Ten States

The clothing system of the Five Dynasties basically followed the system of the late Tang Dynasty, and the armor of Guang Jia in Ming Dynasty basically withdrew from the historical stage. The armor was all made of armor pieces and became a two-piece suit in shape. Hand stroke and shoulder pad are combined into one; The breastplate and leggings are connected into a whole, tied back and forth with two shoulder straps and placed on the shoulder pads. The other five generations continued to use leather armor, made of large pieces of leather, and wore gloves and protective equipment. This picture shows the restoration of warriors wearing armor and military uniforms during the Five Dynasties.

Liao warrior

According to the records of Liao history, when Liao was in Qidan, the armor used by the army was mainly in the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, mainly in the Song Dynasty. The upper structure of the armor is exactly the same as that of the Song Dynasty, but the leg skirt is obviously shorter than that of the Song Dynasty, and the two-sided stork tail armor covers the leg skirt, maintaining the characteristics of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Armor belly protector seems to be hung in front of the abdomen with a belt, and then fixed with a belt. Like leather armor in the Song Dynasty, the big circle protector in the middle of the chest is unique to the Liao Dynasty. In the Liao Dynasty, leather armor was used in addition to real armor. The clothing of Qidan military attache can be divided into official clothing and official clothing. There is no obvious difference in style. They are all narrow-sleeved robes with stand-up collars. Like ordinary men's clothes, official clothes may be slightly tighter than official clothes. Both can be worn as military uniforms.

Golden warrior

Early armor only had a bust, and below it was a kneepad; Around the middle period, the armor was quickly completed, with long and wide leg skirts. The protection area was almost the same as that of the Song Dynasty, and its shape was also influenced by the Northern Song Dynasty. The robes of the Jin Dynasty are narrow sleeves with standing collars, and the length of the robes reaches the foot. Jungle robes can also be worn outside the armor.

Xixia warrior

The armor worn by the samurai is full-body, and the helmet and epaulettes are exactly the same as those of the Song Dynasty. Body armor is like two hip armor, knee-high. Mainly short armor, indicating that the manufacture of armor lags behind the Central Plains after all. The official clothes of Xixia can also be used as military uniforms, such as the Qidan clothes of Liao Dynasty, which are obviously different. Because the feudal degree of Xixia society is not very deep, the relationship between people is still relatively equal, so the hierarchical concept of clothing is not so strong.

Yuan daxia

Mongolian soldiers in the thirteenth century

In the Yuan Dynasty, there were liujia and tiehoop armor. The inner layer of iron hoop armor is cowhide and the outer layer is iron net armor. The nail pieces are connected together like fish scales, and the arrow can't penetrate, so the production is extremely exquisite. There are leather armor, cloth armor and so on. There is only one kind of national service in military service, that is, high-quality sun suit, which is a kind of robe with tight sleeves, with a cross collar and a square collar, which is long and short, reaching to the knee and short to the knee. There is also a kind of knitted coat, which is exactly the same as the sun suit except that the hem is wider and denser. The waist is sewn with a wide waist made of braided thread and some buttons are nailed, commonly known as "knitted coat" or "waistline coat". This kind of clothing is also a Mongolian military uniform in Yuan Dynasty, which can be worn by military commanders, court guards and warriors.

Ting Anne

In the Qing dynasty, the general helmets, whether iron products or leather products, were painted on the surface. There are two beams at the front, back, left and right of the helmet, and a cover eyebrow protrudes from the middle of the forehead, on which there is a dancing engine and a bowl. There is a helmet plate shaped like a small handleless wine cup on the bowl, and there is an iron pipe or copper pipe for cutting the tassel gun, carving feathers or otter tail in the middle of the helmet plate. There are lapis lazuli and other colors of silk collar, neck and ear protectors, embroidered with patterns and decorated with copper or iron foam nails. Armor is divided into armor and apron. Shoulder pad is installed on the shoulder of armor, and shoulder pad provides underarm protection; In addition, wear a metal heart protector on the chest and back, and a trapezoidal abdomen protector on the front seam under the mirror, which is called "front guard". Wearing a "left block" on the left side of the waist and not wearing a block on the right side is reserved for wearing a bow and arrow bag. The apron is divided into left and right pieces and tied around the waist with a belt when worn. In the middle of the two skirts, a tiger head made of the same material covered her knees. This picture shows the yellow satin copper nail copper leaf beetle in Qing dynasty, but there is no protective mirror.

A large number of armor in Qing Dynasty was cotton armor, which was a kind of bell armor with iron pieces embedded in thick cotton cloth or silk and fixed with copper nails. It looks like a cotton coat. Cotton armour has certain cold resistance, which is suitable for cavalry in northern China. Thick cloth is densely embedded with armor leaves, which has certain protection ability for cold weapons and firearms.

Li Jing led the army to defeat the Turks in bright armor and captured their leader, Jielihan, alive.