1, Xi 'an was besieged for eight months during the Republic of China, and more than half of the men, women and children in the city starved to death. Feng Yuxiang led the troops to save. Later, in order to commemorate Feng Yuxiang, Xi people specially opened a door on the wall called Yuxiangmen.

In the northwest of today's Chang 'an city wall. This incident is described in Chen's White Deer Plain.

2. Suzaku Street was once the central axis of Chang 'an City in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with a width of150m.

Go straight south along Suzaku Street, and there is a place called Mingdemen. Although this place is only a place today, Mingdemen is the main gate of the central axis of Chang 'an, and it is said that it was once the largest gate in the world.

There were two lanes in Chang 'an during the prosperous Tang Dynasty. For western people to learn Chinese and scriptures. Today, there is a large Hui community in the city wall of Xi 'an, which spreads around with this university lane as the center.

The source is 1300 years ago, people from the western regions studied Chinese here.

4. There is not much to say about the story of Ma Lu in Abe. After the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, Xi 'an and Nara each built a monument, which is the Ma Lu Monument in Abe. Xi city is in Xingqing Palace in the eastern suburb.

5. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Kyoto was directly moved from Chang 'an to Chang 'an city planning. Then split Kyoto in two. On the left is Chang 'an, and on the right is Luoyang. Later, due to the relatively low terrain in Chang' an, water often accumulated.

Slowly falling into disrepair, this piece was abandoned. So Kyoto only keeps the name Luo. In Japanese, going to Los Angeles, going to Los Angeles also seems to mean going to the capital. Anyone who has played nobunaga should know.

6. It is said that the Long Mai in Chang 'an originated in the Qinling Mountains in the south and reached a place called Longshou in the north-central part of today. This is Long Mai from Xi. Three years ago, when Xi Metro Line 2 was opened, it rained for three months in Xi. Almost never stops.

Xi Metro Line 2 also runs along the north-south central axis, passing through the dragon head. Some people say that the rain was caused by digging a subway to cut off Long Mai.

7. Statistics show that the ability of Xi people to distinguish between southeast and northwest is obviously higher than that of people in other cities. There is no other reason. The roads in this city are horizontal and vertical. As long as you can think of the bell tower in your mind, you can tell the difference between the southeast and the northwest.

9. The walls of Xi 'an can form a circle, only in Xi 'an, a big city with walls in China.

10, Xi 'an's road name is similar to Jiefang Road, Hong Zhuan Road or East Street, which obviously has the purpose of parking.

It is not surprising that many road names have been circulated for thousands of years. Learning Lane, as mentioned above, is an example. In addition, there is a place called Lv Duan Gate. It is the place where ministers of the Tang Dynasty arranged their clothes before going to court.

And you recited, "Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital, and my family lives under Xiamiling." Look at this shrimp grasshopper, that is, dismount the mausoleum. It means riding a horse When you get here, you will come down. This incident originated from the fact that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty rode to the tomb of Dong Zhongshu and dismounted.

Because Guan Zhong originally read Xia as ha. That's why this frog tomb has the sound of (ha) (horse) (ling). Over time, this dismounted horse was written as shrimp.

It has been two thousand years since Dong Zhongshu's time. There are many legends similar to road names, which can almost be written into a book.

1 1, The Little Wild Goose Pagoda and the Story of the Earthquake

Once an earthquake shook a hole in the Little Wild Goose Pagoda. Two floors on the top floor were shaken off and have not been repaired. So look at today's Little Wild Goose Pagoda, with a scar on its head. My head fell off and the bowl was scarred.

Xi 'an's customs and habits:

Noodles are like belts.

Folk songs:

Sanqin noodles are really good. They are as thick and wide as belts. Noodles are fragrant, thin (as wide as a belt) and white, and they are refreshing and hungry to eat.

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Since ancient times, Shaanxi Guanzhong region has been rich in wheat. Therefore, since ancient times, people in Guanzhong area have been mainly pasta, and they have three meals a day, and they can't live without pasta every day, especially noodles and steamed bread.

Generally speaking, in the rural areas of Guanzhong, Shaanxi, when a girl grows up, she will not sew a dress or embroider a flower at first, but roll a plate full of noodles to let her daughter get the appreciation of her husband's family after marriage.

The face of Guanzhong area is reality. Its thickness, width and length are beyond people's imagination, and its shape is like a belt tied around the waist. But don't be intimidated by its bold appearance.

When you hold a bowl of authentic old noodles in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, mix it with red pepper, red-brown soy sauce, vinegar and white salt, sprinkle with green coriander and chopped green onion, and then spread golden poached eggs.

Then, this bowl of noodles is simply a work of art, and you can't bear to ruin this wonderful bowl of noodles.

You see, this bowl of noodles served is red, white, green and yellow, which means spring, summer, autumn and winter, and it is beautiful; It smells good, even the gods in the sky will shake it three times; It tastes soft as glutinous rice and chews like cowhide.

As long as you eat this bowl of noodles, you will definitely lose your appetite after seeing the delicacies.

Bowl and basin are difficult to separate.

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Laoshan's rice bowl is particularly big, and noodles and vegetables are all in full bloom. A bowl can fill the stomach, but the old bowl will talk at the meeting.

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In Guanzhong area, rice bowls are not called rice bowls, but old bowls. It can be seen that the word "old" does not mean how long the history of the old bowl is, but the meaning of "boss" in the bowl. In fact, the old bowl is in the rice bowl, and the old bowl is definitely the well-deserved "boss" of the bowl family.

Speaking of this old bowl, the origin of Yaoxian (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City) belongs to blue and white coarse porcelain. Although, at first glance, the surface of this old bowl is a bit dull.

However, there is a simplicity and simplicity in his bones, just like the nature of Guanzhong people. The authentic big old bowl in Guanzhong area is deep and round, and its capacity is at least seven or eight small bowls.

Guanzhong people eat old bowls, whether they are young adults, old people, children or women. Such a bowl is absolutely easy to use. You can fill it once and never come again.

People in Guanzhong eat for fun. They like to eat together. People call it the "Old Bowl Party". Sometimes, whoever has a delicious meal will not hesitate to give other children a bowl.

Compared with those southerners who secretly enjoy food in their own homes with their doors closed, Guanzhong people are generous and free.

When a group of people crouched outside the door in twos and threes, each holding its own old bowl, basking in the warm sun, while wandering in the north and south.

Now with the improvement of life, people usually eat more non-staple food, so people's appetite is not as big as before, and their rice bowls are getting smaller and smaller. Therefore, the old bowl in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province has gradually become history.

Wear a handkerchief on your head

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An old woman in rural Shaanxi wears a plaid on her head. Sunscreen, dustproof and rainproof, washing hands and wiping sweat are more elegant.

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When you stroll along the rural roads in Guanzhong area, from time to time, you will see an old lady with a handkerchief on her head walking slowly with a cane. The handkerchief on the top of the head has become the most striking feature that distinguishes the old ladies in Guanzhong area from those in other places.

The history of this old lady wearing a handkerchief on her head is not a day or two, which is a long-standing custom in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. Because Guanzhong area is located in the north, it has strong sunshine, drought and little rain, and there are many sandstorms.

Therefore, rural women should wear handkerchiefs on their heads when doing heavy work. Speaking of the function of this small handkerchief, it's really great.

Handkerchiefs can not only prevent strong sunlight from hurting the skin, but also prevent dust from entering the hair, and the hair will not be blown by the wind. When working outside, if you don't carry a towel with you, a handkerchief can wipe sweat and plaster, which is both affordable and beautiful.

In fact, the handkerchiefs of old ladies are also related to their past lives. Because of poor life, people have no money to buy beautiful hats.

Therefore, cheap and affordable handkerchiefs have become an inevitable choice for hardworking and simple rural women. Today, when people are rich, various hats gradually replace handkerchiefs. Handkerchiefs have also become a landscape in ancient history.

Half-built house

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The country house is half covered and half covered, saving labor, materials and wood. It is warm in winter and cool in summer.

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In the rural areas of Guanzhong area, half-built houses can be seen everywhere. Commonly known as: Jiebeizi. In fact, this is a unique residential feature in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, which is inseparable from the customs in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.

Because Guanzhong area is located inland, it belongs to a typical continental dry climate. The weather in Guanzhong area is dry and windy, and local wood is scarce. As a result, people adapted to local conditions and invented a half-built house.

To build such a house, of course, the materials used are all local materials. Mud embryo made of local loess and soil, 40 cm high, 50 cm long and 10 cm thick. After drying, they are used to build walls. If the conditions are good, it will be fired into blue bricks. This is called "plaster repair" in Guanzhong area.

This is a bit "nonsense". However, such a house not only saves a lot of wood and bricks, but also saves labor. Half a house that saves labor and materials is definitely not synonymous with bean curd residue project.

In fact, every house is the result of years of hard work and sweat of the owner. At the same time, it is also the shelter for future generations.

Because the room area has shrunk, the warmth and breathability are better, which is warmer in winter and cooler in summer than the big tile house. Therefore, affordable small half houses have become the first choice for rural areas in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.

Today, half of the houses built in Guanzhong area have become history. With the improvement of people's life, local farmers have also lived in cement-reinforced buildings.

Girls are not external.

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Chang 'an has its capital for more than ten generations. Good weather and good life, Shaanxi girls are not foreign.

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Shaanxi Guanzhong has been outstanding since ancient times, and the land is vast and fertile. Therefore, people living in this land have no worries about food and clothing, so the long-standing sense of closure and the conservatism in Guanzhong area are famous all over the country.

Guanzhong area is famous for its conservative consciousness of its own girls. Since ancient times, there has been a tradition in central China that girls are not open to the outside world. Guanzhong people never let outsiders take advantage.

Therefore, in a strict sense, girls from Guanzhong are limited to internal communication in Guanzhong area and rarely marry foreigners.

Girls in Guanzhong area are generally more traditional and conservative. At the same time, because the 18th Emperor of Chang 'an built the capital here, the subjects at the foot of the Emperor of Heaven were more bullish and emboldened.

In addition, hard farming on weekdays is enough to have ample food and clothing and enjoy the happiness of his wife and children. Therefore, Guanzhong people prefer to enjoy a free life in a self-enclosed small circle, rather than leaving their hometown for business.

Girls in Guanzhong area live in such a relatively closed environment. Therefore, marriage is the fate of parents and the words of matchmakers.

Generally speaking, we all ask around on the basis of the relationship between seven aunts and eight aunts, and then choose a more satisfactory family to marry our daughter, which is also a matter of knowing the roots.

However, that period of history is already an old yellow calendar. In the new era, young people have their own choices, and they have broken the cage of old marriage.

Actively strive for their own free and happy marriage, out of Shaanxi, to the world, and foreigners to talk about marriage.

Squat up without a chair

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Laoshan has a strange temper. He squatted instead of sitting on a stool. Asked why he didn't sit down, he said it was very comfortable.

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Guanzhong area in Shaanxi likes to squat (squat) on a stool to eat, smoke and chat, which is evil to others, but it is the enjoyment of Guanzhong area to Guanzhong people.

In the rural areas of Guanzhong area, in their spare time, ordinary elderly people like to wear cloth shoes without socks, squat down on a stool with a cigarette bag in their mouth, hold a radio in their hands, drink tea and smoke cigarettes.

In such an atmosphere, they feel a sense of freedom and pleasure, which is much happier than those who sit still and show dignity. Therefore, Guanzhong people who are naturally casual prefer to squat freely and be a happy and carefree countryman.

I don't want to sit on a stool at home and enjoy the elegant life in Chun Xue.

Perhaps Guanzhong people are born in close contact with the yellow land, which makes them more willing to approach and get close to the yellow land.

Sleeping pillow stone

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The plowmen in Sanqin don't like soft pillows, but like stones. Cold, solid, miraculous, refreshing.

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Guanzhong people don't like soft pillows, so they choose wooden pillows and stone pillows. This is inseparable from the frankness of Guanzhong people.

In Guanzhong area, when the heat is unbearable, when the plowman sleeps at night, he prefers to rest a brick or stone as a pillow and sleep on it.

Moreover, Guanzhong people affectionately call it "gold does not change", which means that the treasure that is not exchanged for gold is enough to see how attached and obsessed Guanzhong people are with this pillow with stones and stones under their heads.

Qin opera doesn't sing or shout.

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The folk customs are simple and tough, and the face of Qin cavity is called. The audience under the stage was so happy that they were not afraid that the stage would be overturned.

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Among the top ten monsters, the strangest is the roar of Shaanxi opera. Shaanxi Opera was born among the people, which vividly reflects people's wishes, love and hate, pain and joy, as well as their lives and struggles.

Many plays of Shaanxi Opera are important or interesting themes that show the struggle against aggression, traitors and oppression in Chinese history.

Because the simple, frank, hearty, generous and upright character of the people of Shaanxi and Gansu, as well as the simple, hardworking and brave folk customs, are all reflected in the music of Shaanxi and Gansu. Therefore, Shaanxi Opera has a deep foundation.

In the rural areas of Guanzhong area in Shaanxi Province, for people who have worked hard for a year, the greatest enjoyment is to listen to a Shaanxi opera every New Year.

If an old man is celebrating his birthday, his children and grandchildren will be honored to invite a troupe to sing well for that time, which will at least make the villagers in Shiliba Village nag for several months.

Shaanxi Opera is not Chun Xue, but an art that everyone in Xialiba can get close to. People are working hard, and when they are happy, they can let go of their voices and shout for a while. The loud roar echoed in the sky and fields, which made people feel very heroic.

If you shout a section of Shaanxi opera in grief, it will be desolate and sad, low and tactfully, mountains and rivers will move their faces, and plants will be sad.

Shaanxi Opera is like an umbilical cord, with one end connected with the future of Qin people and the other with the past of Qin people, providing people living in this yellow land with the milk of their thoughts.

Shaanxi Opera has its own system of singing, sketching, luban, facial makeup, characters and roles. Shaanxi opera, also known as "random play", has a high-pitched and passionate tone and requires singing with real voice, so it maintains the original and bold characteristics.

It is best to choose an open-air venue for the performance of Shaanxi Opera, which not only has the flavor of Shaanxi Opera, but also can appreciate its essence. It is precisely because of its unique artistic style that it attracts people in this land.

The singing of Shaanxi Opera is wide and loud, straight up and down, giving people a high-pitched, violent and rough feeling. When you look at Shaanxi Opera, especially when you see the "blackheads" in Shaanxi Opera trembling, you will truly appreciate the uninhibited Shaanxi Opera at this moment, which is also the blood of Guanzhong people.

If you are graceful and restrained in the beautiful south of the Yangtze River, you will never have such a rich voice. Even in southern Shaanxi, which is just across the Qinling Mountains, the singing of folk operas is much softer and more euphemistic.

In that Fiona Fang world, the audience cheered one after another, which aroused the performance desire of the actors on the stage, especially the level of the actors was unanimously recognized by the audience, who would spontaneously whip and shoot at the audience and give the actors red silk.

This is the highest praise for the actor, so in such a warm atmosphere, the climax is repeated and continuous.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, apart from using the musical instruments of this drama for a long time, Qin Opera also absorbed some other national musical instruments and western musical instruments to enrich the expressive force of its music.

The roles of Shaanxi Opera are divided into thirteen categories: old students, bearded students, young students, Lao Dan, Zheng Dan, Xiao Dan, Hua Dan, Wu Dan, Media Dan, Dajing, Mao Jing and ugly women. The performance of Shaanxi Opera is simple, rough, delicate and profound, touching and full of exaggeration.

It has its own unique style in facial makeup (such as the golden face of Qin Shihuang with a beard) and figure (such as riding a horse, pulling a shelf, picking firewood, carrying water, etc.). ), make-up (such as changing the head to comb your hair), stunts (spitting fire, blowing fire, walking on stilts), and language rhymes (Qin opera has fourteen rhymes, and there are tones in it).

I remember that in the depths of my childhood memories, clowns fascinated me the most. The performer lights an oil lamp and puts it on his head to perform various actions. Chang Tianbao, a clown among the three scholars of Shaanxi Opera, was punished by his wife for gambling.

Always put the oil lamp on your head, kneeling, walking, lying on your back, drilling chairs, drilling tables, serving tables, etc. , are very comfortable, can let the oil lamp not drop, not spill, not go out. It all depends on the balance skill of the actor's neck.

Liu Shengsan, Jin Fuchang, Wang Banjie, Zhao, and Cai, the clown of Han opera, are all good players in this field. King board can also blow out the overhead lights by itself.

Qin opera is also the originator of many operas. Shaanxi opera can be divided into two ways: east and west, and the west road into Sichuan becomes a bangzi; East Road is Shanxi Opera, Henan Opera and Hebei Opera. Therefore, Shaanxi Opera can be regarded as the originator of Beijing Opera, Henan Opera, Shanxi Opera and Hebei Opera.

Most of the operas performed by Shaanxi Opera are based on the legend of heroes's or tragic stories, as well as myths, folk stories and various case-solving dramas from the departments of Country, The History of the Three Kingdoms, Yang Jiajiang and Yue Yue, with more than 654.38+00000 repertoires.

The rich repertoire ranks first among more than 300 operas in China. Due to the long history, there are many scattered plays. According to statistics, by the end of 2065, there were only about 4,700 operas in 438+03, and these operas were still losing at an alarming rate.

With the rapid development of the times, some of today's "top ten eccentrics" have long since disappeared, while those handed down from generation to generation are gradually decreasing. But this is still a traditional custom in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, bearing the history and culture of Guanzhong area.

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