Name: Agaricus bisporus
Alias: Tricholoma, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus.
English name: Common culture a mushroom
Agaricus bisporus belongs to Agaricus, Basidiomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Agaricus, Agaricus and Agaricus.
Morphology of fruiting body: the fruiting body is medium to slightly large. The diameter of the bottle cap is 3-15cm. It is hemispherical at first, nearly flat on the back, sometimes concave in the middle, white or milky white, smooth or with cluster scales in the later stage, and cracked at the edge when it is dry. Mushroom meat is white and thick. Pink folds are brown, black, dense, free and different in length. The stalk is short, cylindrical, slightly curved, 1-9×0.5-2 cm, nearly smooth or slightly ciliated, white and solid. The funicle is single-layer, white and membranous, which is born in the middle of the stem and easy to fall off. There are two basidiomycetes on the basidium, so it is called Agaricus bisporus, and the spore imprint is dark brown. The spores are brown, oval and smooth, 6.5- 10×5-6.5 microns.
Agaricus bisporus is a kind of grass rot fungus with medium and low temperature. China is rich in straw and wheat straw resources, and the climate is suitable for the growth of Agaricus bisporus, which has great development potential. Many countries have cultivated it, among which China ranks second in total output and first in international trade volume of canned mushrooms. The varieties cultivated in China are AS2796, As3303, Zhejiang Nong 1 and so on. At present, Agaricus bisporus cultivated in China are all white varieties, which are mainly suitable for fresh sale or canned processing.
Agaricus bisporus is tender and contains more mannose, trehalose and various amino acids, which is delicious and nutritious. According to the determination, every100g of dried Lentinus edodes contains 36-40g of protein, 3.6g of fat, 31.2g of carbohydrate, 718mg of phosphorus, 0/88.5mg of iron13/kloc.
The hyphae are silvery white, grow faster and are not easy to form a cap. The fruiting body is solitary, round, white and scaleless. The mushroom cover is thick and it is not easy to open the umbrella. The stem is thick and short, the flesh is white, and the tissue is hard. There is a semimembranous ring on the stem, and the spores are brown. The crawling ability of mycelium is medium to strong, the kinking ability is strong, the fruiting rate is high, and the fruiting body is not easy to fall off Weak scattering light and mild ventilation are needed in the growth of fruiting bodies, and the biotransformation rate is 7 ~ 10kg/ square. High temperature type, the mycelium growth temperature range is 10 ~ 32℃, the suitable temperature is 24 ~ 28℃, the fruiting body growth temperature is 10 ~ 24℃, and the suitable temperature is 14 ~ 20℃. The relative temperature of the air in the mushroom room is about 90%. The artificial cultivation of Agaricus bisporus began in Louis XIV of France, about 300 years ago. It is the largest mushroom variety in edible fungi production in the world and widely distributed in this area. The output of mushrooms in the world is the largest in the United States and the second in China. In addition, it has large-scale production in France, the Netherlands, Britain, Italy, Poland, Spain, Germany, Canada, Ireland, Belgium, Indonesia, Hungary and Mexico.
In China, artificial cultivation began at 1935, mostly in Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Hebei and some southern provinces.