1, latitude: a circle around the globe in the east-west direction.

2. Earth's rotation: The earth keeps rotating around its axis, which is called Earth's rotation.

3. Important features of the earth's revolution: the orbital plane of revolution always keeps an included angle of 66.5 with the earth axis, and the north pole always points to the vicinity of Polaris.

4. The temperature is measured by a thermometer in a louver. The height of the thermometer is1.5m above the ground. Unit:℃ (Celsius). Generally, the daily average temperature is taken as the average temperature at eight o'clock, 14 o'clock, 20 o'clock and 2 o'clock.

5. The boundary between monsoon region and non-monsoon region in China is Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain. The most typical feature of monsoon climate is that rain and heat are in the same period, which is very beneficial to agricultural production, but disasters are also serious, such as floods and droughts caused by abnormal summer monsoon and cold wave and freezing rain caused by abnormal winter monsoon.