1. 1 seed treatment

Before sowing, carefully select the seeds and remove the shriveled, moldy and damaged seeds. Airing the screened seeds 1d ~ 2d. Seed dressing with 50% carbendazim wettable powder of 0.5% seed quality to control Fusarium wilt and anthracnose; Or soak the seeds with 500 times of streptomycin sulfate solution, and the soaking time is controlled within 4 hours to prevent bacterial diseases. Soak the sun-dried seeds in warm water at 45℃ for less than 4 hours, put them at 25 ~ 28℃ for 2 days, and sow after 50% of the seeds are exposed. Seed consumption per 667m2 cultivation area: dwarf type 8- 10kg, creeping type 4-6kg.

1.3 Live broadcast in the open air

The ground temperature of 10cm should be stable at15℃ during direct seeding in the open field; In protected cultivation, the ground temperature of 10cm should be stable at 12℃. Ditching or opening holes in the cultivation bed, sowing as needed, with 3-4 dry seeds per hole and sowing depth of 2 cm-3 cm.

1.4 facility seedling raising

In order to go on the market as soon as possible, seedling raising and transplanting should be adopted. Seedling facilities and substrates should be disinfected. Cultivate strong seedlings in nutrient pots with a diameter of 6 cm ~ 8 cm or nutrient clods with a diameter of 8cm×8cm, and sow the soaked seeds in the nutrient pots or nutrient clods, with 2 ~ 3 seeds per pot (block). Before sowing, the nutrient bowl (block) should be watered 2 cm to 3 cm deep, and then covered with soil 2-3 cm.

1.5? Seedling management.

The optimum temperature for cowpea seed germination is 25℃ ~ 30℃, and the lowest temperature is 10℃ ~ 12℃. After early planting in spring, plastic film or small arch shed should be covered in time to facilitate seedling emergence. When 30% of the seeds are unearthed, the plastic film should be removed or the shed removed. After sowing, the daytime temperature in the nursery facility is 25℃ ~ 30℃, and the nighttime temperature is 65438 06℃ ~ 65438 08℃. After emergence, the daytime temperature is 20℃ ~ 25℃ and the nighttime temperature is15℃ ~16℃. 4 ~ 5 days before planting, cooling and hardening the seedlings, with the temperature of 20℃ ~ 23℃ during the day and 10℃ ~ 16℃ at night. At the seedling stage, intertillage should be strengthened to keep soil moisture. After the seedlings grow completely, intertillage should be carried out once, and intertillage should be combined with watering for 2 ~ 3 times, before the trees are overgrown. Water control and fertilizer control should be the main method in seedling stage. The seedling age is 20 ~ 25 days, the physiological seedling age is about 20 cm, the spreading degree is 25 cm, the stem diameter is less than 0.3 cm, and there are 3 ~ 4 true leaves, with developed root system and no pests and diseases.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization

Fertilization should comply with the provisions of NY/T 496-20 10. It is forbidden to use chemical fertilizers, biological fertilizers and organic fertilizers that have not been registered by the national or provincial agricultural departments, and it is forbidden to use chemical fertilizers that have not been tested for safety and organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers with excessive heavy metal content. Industrial waste, urban garbage and organic fertilizer that do not meet the pollution-free indicators shall not be used.

After the previous crops are harvested, the fields should be cleared as soon as possible. Every 667m2, 4000kg~5000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20kg~40kg of calcium superphosphate, 5kg ~ 10kg of potassium sulfate and 5kg of bacterial fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers, then the soil is deeply ploughed for 25cm~30cm, and then the land is prepared for border tillage. When the soil is dry, it should be watered in advance to create moisture.

Step 3 plant

Opening in spring and summer and early cultivation in spring protected land;

Dwarf cowpea: 4000 holes /667m2 ~ 4500 holes /667m2.

Creeping cowpea: 3000 holes /667m2 ~ 3500 holes/667m2;

Open field in summer and autumn, autumn extension in facilities, winter and spring cultivation.

Dwarf cowpea: 4500 holes /667m2 ~ 5000 holes /667m2.

Creeping cowpea: 3500 holes /667m2 ~ 4500 holes /667m2.

The row spacing is 50 cm ~ 60 cm, the hole spacing is 20 cm ~ 30 cm, and 2 ~ 3 seedlings are planted in each hole.

3.2? Planting method

Dig a hole in the cultivation bed, move the seedlings with nutrient soil into the hole, water them after planting, and cover the soil after seepage. Plastic film should be covered for greenhouse cultivation in early spring or after winter and spring.

4. Tian Tuan management

The optimum temperature for cowpea growth is 20℃ ~ 30℃, and the optimum temperature for flowering and fruiting period is 25℃ ~ 28℃. During the planting period of protected cultivation, the indoor temperature is 28℃ ~ 30℃ during the day and15℃ ~18℃ at night; Vine extension period, 23℃ ~ 27℃ during the day and11℃ ~14℃ at night; The flowering and pod setting period is 25℃ ~ 30℃ during the day and 15℃ ~ 18℃ at night. Weather-resistant functional film with good light transmittance should be used to keep the film surface clean, and shading and cooling measures should be taken in high temperature seasons in summer and autumn. According to the humidity requirements of cowpea in different growth stages and the needs of disease control, the most suitable air relative humidity should be kept at 65% ~ 75%.

4.4 Fertilizer and water management

The requirements of cowpea for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per 667m2 in the whole growth period are N (N) 12kg ~ 14kg, P (P2O5) 5kg ~ 6kg and k (K2O)13kg ~14. Irrigation should be drip irrigation under film or dark irrigation.

The vine cowpea is in front of the tea nail, and the dwarf cowpea is topdressing once before flowering; Top dressing 1 ~ 2 times during pod setting. Open shallow ditches between rows or holes, and apply 20kg~30kg of ammonium sulfate, 5kg ~ 10kg of potassium sulfate or 5kg of Bika compound fertilizer every 667m2. Water should be based on soil moisture, combined with topdressing. Water should be controlled after the seedlings are fixed or delayed, and no water should be watered at the initial flowering stage. After the first inflorescence bears pods, it should be watered enough, and the soil should be kept moist during the pod bearing period. After the vine is thrown, the trailing cowpea should be held with a tea rack or rope in time. When the exposed rattan grows to 2m, the core is removed when the rattan grows to 1.5m in plastic greenhouse or solar greenhouse.

5, pest control

Phytophthora blight, coal mold, rust, powdery mildew, virus disease, underground pest, whitefly, soybean moth, liriomyza sativae, aphid, spider mite and noctuid larva.

Prevention and control principle: follow the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive management", starting from the whole ecosystem, give priority to agricultural, physical, biological, ecological and other prevention and control measures, appropriately apply chemical prevention and control measures, create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the breeding of diseases, insects, grasses and other pests and are conducive to the breeding of various natural enemies, maintain the balance between vegetable ecosystem and biodiversity, control pests below the allowable economic threshold, and reduce pesticide residues to the specified standard range.

5.3? Agricultural measures

Crop rotation, with non-bean crops rotation for more than 3 years. Clean up the countryside, clean up diseased leaves, broken branches and weeds, and keep the fields clean. Protected cultivation, with insect nets closed air outlet. In summer, plastic film and insect-proof net (≥40 mesh) are covered for rainproof, sunshade and insect-proof cultivation. Yellow boards are hung in the facility to trap and kill aphids, whiteflies and other pests. Use silver gray plastic film or hang silver gray plastic film to avoid aphids. The frequency vibration insecticidal lamp and black light lamp were used to trap and kill pests such as soybean moth adults and beet armyworm.

5.5? biotic-control

Actively protect and use natural enemies to control pests and diseases. Choosing selective pesticides, protecting and utilizing natural enemies, controlling pests and diseases, and cultivating in facilities can release Taiwan Province aphids and control whiteflies. After planting, when adult whitefly is found, the bee card can be released. Generally, the number of bees released per mu is not less than 10000. Biological agents are used to control pests and diseases, and 1% agricultural antibiotic wuyamycin 150 ~ 200 times solution is used to control gray mold and powdery mildew. 6,543.8+0,000 units of neophytomycin powder and 3,000 ~ 4,000 times of liquid were used to control bacterial blight. Use 1.8% avermectin EC 3000 ~ 5000 times to control Tetranychus urticae and Liriomyza sativae.

The pesticide that cowpea easily exceeds the standard: isocarbophos.

Step 6 harvest

When the cowpea pods grow to the standard length, the pods are soft and full, and the seeds are not obviously swollen, it is the suitable harvest period. Harvest once every 3 ~ 5 days in the early stage and once every 2 ~ 3 days in the peak period.