1, selection of land preparation: 8424 watermelon is suitable for high and dry terrain, deep soil, good permeability, drainage and irrigation is convenient plots, is not suitable for successive crops, the whole land for the border and apply sufficient fertilizer.
2, sowing seedlings: the seeds will be treated for sowing seedlings, seedling period to keep the substrate dry and wet can be.
3, transplanting and planting: greenhouse hanging watermelon should choose a sunny day for planting, and timely watering of rooting water and congestion of the root flat hole.
4, field management: do a good job of temperature and humidity, water and fertilizer, light regulation, plant adjustment, pollination of hanging watermelon, pest control and other work.
First, the selection of land preparation
1, 8424 watermelon is not suitable for continuous cultivation, disease resistance is not very strong, with fear of waterlogging, drought resistance, developed root system and other characteristics, and therefore in the selection of melon, should choose the terrain is high and dry, deep soil, good permeability, drainage and irrigation of convenient plots to fertile sandy soil and deep sandy soil cultivation layer is most suitable. It is most suitable for fertile sandy soil and sandy soil with a deep tillage layer. Generally, the dryland crop rotation is more than 7-8 years, the water and drought crop rotation is 5-6 years, and the paddy field crop rotation is 3-4 years.
2, before the winter should be as early as possible to vacate the stubble and the implementation of deep plowing and freezing district, in the spring while the moisture rotary tillage, the soil in the greenhouse rake fine leveling after the bed, bed width of 120-140 cm, ditch width of 20-30 cm, ditch depth of 30 cm. and combined with the ground, each mu of 1500-2000kg of rotted miscellaneous manure, or 500kg of high-quality commercial organic fertilizers, 100kg of cooked cake fertilizer, 50kg of compound fertilizer, 50kg of over 30% of the total. Ternary compound fertilizer, 30kg calcium superphosphate.
Second, sowing seedlings
1, before sowing the seeds in the sun for 2 days, and then the sun-soaked seeds with non-scalding warm water (about 55 ° C or so) in the state of constant stirring 20-30min, and then placed in the room temperature of the seed soaking 4-6h, fish out and then use coarse gauze to rub off the surface of the seed mucus, and then sowing. Then sow the seeds.
2, prepared in advance of the seedbed, late December will be treated seeds sown flat in the center of the hole tray, covered with 1-1.5cm thick substrate, and then cover the film insulation and moisturizing. Seedling should be controlled before the seedbed temperature 30-35 ℃ during the day, 18-20 ℃ at night. To be about 80% of the seedlings after uncovering the film temperature control, 20-25 ℃ during the day, 18-20 ℃ at night, melon seedlings dew heart can be appropriate to raise the bed temperature, planting 1 week before the appropriate temperature should be gradually cooled down to refining seedlings. Seedling period generally do not water or water according to the situation, keep the substrate dry and wet can be, should try to see more light.
Three, transplanting and planting
1, greenhouse hanging watermelon should choose a sunny day planting, 2 rows of each border, 15-20cm from the border cross the hole planting, plant spacing of 50cm, planting 1750 or so.
2, after planting, timely watering and congestion root leveling hole, laying a micro-irrigation belt in the bed, covered with a drip-free film and timely release of seedlings, and then covered with a good small arched roof and thermal insulation curtains or non-woven fabrics.
Four, field management
1, temperature and humidity management: 4-5 days after planting closed greenhouse, after slowing down through the inner shed cover day uncovered and night cover and outside the shed ventilation implementation of the temperature management, daytime temperature control in 25-30 ℃, the lowest temperature at night is not less than 15 ℃. To early April, the temperature outside the shed stabilized at more than 20 ℃, the removal of small arch, while combined with temperature management, especially after fertilizer irrigation, timely ventilation and drainage.
2, water and fertilizer management: melon seedlings into a living group of trees, per mu available three yuan compound fertilizer 7-10kg or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-5kg light pursuit of a seedling fertilizer. Melon sitting to fist big, per mu can be three yuan compound fertilizer 10-15kg heavy chase 1 time expansion melon fertilizer. After the melon size is fixed, nitrogen fertilizer and watering should be strictly controlled. Before and after flowering and fruiting, can be foliar spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid, 0.2% boron fertilizer liquid 1-2 times. Melon expansion in the late stage, can be combined with pest control foliar spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid 1 time. After the harvest of the first crop of melons, the need to reapply nitrogen and potassium fertilizer to attack the fruit to protect seedlings for the second crop of melons.
3, light regulation: after planting, in the shed covering the period, should try to more light, even if it is cloudy and rainy days, should try to open the shed as appropriate, to accept a limited amount of weak light sun. After hanging, it should be timely to thin the branches and cut off the useless side branches and old, diseased leaves.
4, plant adjustment: the main vine for the sitting melon vine, stretching vine 30cm or so to choose to stay a strong side vine for the nutrient trails, and the first hanging, the main vine is led to the other side of the border to climb the ground, in the middle of the soil pile pressure vines once, the main vine sits in the melon, will be part of the melon above the node in the other side of the border to hang up. After the main vine sits on the melon, the part above the melon node will be lifted on the other side of the border. The main vine will be 10-12 nodes after the melon, and the nutritive vine will be topped at 14-16 nodes. When tying vines to a vine a vine to lead bondage, do not tie two vines in one, should not be tied too tight, so as not to affect the growth of melon vines. Remove other side vines in a timely manner during the operation around the vine.
5, pollination hanging melon: each plant in the main vine of the 10th-12th section, choose the second or third female flowers for artificial pollination, time for the flowering of the day of 7-9 hours, to stay in the melon 1, hanging in time to indicate the date of pollination of the small sign. After the melon is seated, stop branching to create more leaf area for the formation of large melons. Young melon grows to about the size of a fist (0.5cm or so) when the beginning of the hanging melon, according to the size of the mature melon with a mesh bag to support, can also be used to rope hanging melon stems.
6, pest control: pay attention to the prevention and control of trailing blight and aphids, whitefly and other pests and diseases. Preventive measures to agricultural control, chemical control as a supplement, including the selection of disease-free watermelon seeds, seed disinfection treatment; crop rotation treatment; properly strengthen the ventilation of the shed; timely inspection of the melon field, for the diseased plants to be timely pulled out, to eliminate the source of infection of the pests and diseases; the use of targeted pharmaceutical prevention and treatment, and so on.
Fifth, timely harvest
1, when the melon flesh shows the unique color of this variety, the skin has a glossy fruit surface, smooth to the touch, the umbilicus is slightly sunken inward, the base of the fruit stalk is slightly shrunken, the hairs on the stalk is sparse or off, the fruiting node tendrils withered more than 1/2 and so on the characteristics of the surface fruit has ripened, then can be harvested at the right time.
2, 8424 watermelon from flowering to maturity is generally 28 days, early spring temperatures are low when the ripening period will be extended by 3-5 days. Poor maturity of the melon skin thick, and light color, low sweetness; excessive maturity of the melon, flesh cell disintegration, soft tissue, and with the inverted flesh, chaff heart, hollow and other phenomena.