Carp is commonly known as carp拐子, Maozi, etc., belonging to the carp family. The body is laterally compressed and the abdomen is rounded, the mouth is horseshoe-shaped, and there are 2 pairs of whiskers. The base of the dorsal fin is long, and the dorsal and anal fins have a stout serrated hard spine. The sides of the body are golden yellow, and the lower lobe of the caudal fin is orange-red. Carp usually inhabits the bottom layer of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds and marshes where the water is overgrown with grass, and feeds mainly on benthic animals. Its adaptability is strong, cold, alkali and hypoxia resistance. Reproductive season changes with the different growth areas, the Pearl River in March, the Yangtze River in April-May, the Northeast in June before the start of spawning. In running water or static water can be spawned, spawning place more in the water plants, the eggs adhere to the water plants on the development.
The carp is the world's earliest cultured fish. As far back as the twelfth century BC in the era of Yin and Shang began pond farming carp. According to the Book of Songs, King Wen of Zhou chiseled a pond to raise carp. During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States period, Fan Dummy, a doctor of the state of Yue, strongly advocated the development of pond carp farming, and he believed that: "Three years of storage and breeding, and its profits can be up to ten million Yue when the country is full." In ancient China, there is a "fish and bamboo planting a thousand times more favorable" proverb. Zhou Dynasty, carp has become one of the most expensive food. King Xuan of the Zhou Dynasty won the crusade against the long-snout tribe and feasted the lords with "carp with turtle face". There is also a line in the Book of Songs that reads, "If you want to eat fish, you must eat carp from the river". Legend has it that Confucius gave birth to a son, Lu Zhao Gong gave Confucius carp, Confucius was grateful to the monarch for the gift, for his son named carp, the word Bo Yu. Mencius once said, "The fish I desire, the bear's paw is also what I desire, you can't have both." Tao Hongjing of the Liang Dynasty that carp "for the long of the fish, for the food on the flavor". To 22O0 years ago, the Han Dynasty, pond carp has been prevalent, from the royal family to the landlord, are operating in the carp industry, and from subsistence gradually developed to commercial production. In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor's surname was Li, and "Carp" and "Li" have the same sound, so the carp jumped on the Dragon Gate, and became the symbol of the royal family. The court used the credentials - Fu, also carved into the shape of carp, the emperor gave the carp-shaped fish to ministers to show honor. So "raising carp", "catching carp", "selling carp", "eating carp" have become the biggest taboo of the royal family, violators Must be heavily penalized. During the 3O0 years of the Tang Dynasty, fish farmers had to look for other breeding objects, and gradually found the most ideal fish farming - green, grass, chain, bighead carp "four big fish". After the Tang Dynasty, although the resumption of the carp industry, but because of the slow growth of carp, can only play a supporting role.
For more than two thousand years, carp has been regarded as a superior fish. In the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, the poet Yang Ji wrote in his poem, "Spring wind and rain wet dress, green water and red makeup painting is not as good as, but it is the Hanyang Chuan on the female, across the river to buy Wuchang fish." Qing Tongzhi years of "Jiangxia County" records: Wuchang yellow pigeon alum head of carp production "flavor unique fresh and beautiful, after the winter pickled fish people scramble to buy, and other provinces called the said Chu fish." Huanghuai area more "no old carp not seat" proverb. Ancient people also carp as a substitute for letters, the ancient music "drinking horse Great Wall Cave line" has: "Guests from afar, leaving me double carp; call the child cooking carp, there is a shakusu book." The custom of sending carp to friends and relatives on New Year's Day still exists in folklore. Carp is a symbol of hard work, kindness, chastity and good luck. Carp as a symbol of good fortune and prosperity abound in the New Year's paintings, "Carp jumped the Dragon Gate" and "chasing fish" story is a folk tale.
It is said that in the Yuan Dynasty, with the increasingly close trade between China and the countries of Central Asia, Persians brought the carp back to Persia from China, and in 1150, the European Crusades brought the carp from Persia to Austria, and then gradually spread to Western Europe.
In 1367, it was introduced to Hungary; in 1496, it was introduced to the United Kingdom; in 1560, it was introduced to Prussia, and then to Sweden (in 1729, it was introduced to Russia; in 1830, it was introduced to the United States from Europe. Today, carp has become a world-farmed fish.
And carp as an ornamental fish, according to legend, began in the Ming Dynasty Wanli years of Emperor Shenzong in the imperial garden to keep the red carp. At that time, there was a minister Yu Fanxue because of "on behalf of the sky hunting" merit, in the old age home, the emperor special red carp reward, so that he brought back to his hometown to raise. This fish is shaped like a purse, so it is called "purse red carp", a specialty of Jiangxi Committee source. The red carp of Xingguo in Jiangxi Province and the mirror carp cultivated in many places are later cultivated varieties of carp. The red carp was introduced to Japan in the early days, and after World War II, it was renamed "koi" and was used as an ornamental fish for the royal family, nobles and prominent officials. They are also called "sacred fish" because they are kept in temples and shrines, symbolizing good luck and happiness. Japanese people regard koi as a work of art, there is a "living gem" in the water, and cultivated a yellow spot, Taisho three-color, Showa three-color and other valuable varieties with high ornamental value.
In addition to food, carp can also be used as medicine to treat diseases, with the effect of opening the spleen and stomach, facilitating urination, eliminating edema, relieving cough and asthma, and sending out milk; the meat can treat portal cirrhosis, chronic nephritis, cough, asthma, maternal breast milk, women's irregular menstruation or hemorrhagic syndrome, etc.; the blood can cure crookedness of the mouth and eyes; and the bile can cure the red-eye pain, swelling and suppurative otitis media.
The carp is widely distributed in all parts of the country, although there are many varieties around, different forms, but really the same species, but in the southwest region living in 15 regional species, including 11 species in Yunnan lakes, 2 species in Guangxi Xijiang, l species in Guangxi Qinjiang and Hainan, l species in Sichuan Qionghai. In recent years, with the rapid development of bioengineering technology, especially the birth of fast-growing genetically modified (GM) carp, so that the growth rate of carp increased by more than 140%, the flavor is more delicious. The commercialization of transgenic carp will open up a broader prospect for carp farming. Carp habits and diet
Carp has two pairs of whiskers, pharyngeal teeth 3 rows, gill rakers 15 to 22, dorsal fins anal fins have a stout serrated spines, for omnivorous fish, like to eat benthic aquatic organisms, fast-growing, the largest individual up to tens of kilograms.
Carp is widely distributed, lakes and reservoirs and other natural waters and domesticated fish ponds everywhere in its tracks, is the highest yield of freshwater fish species, but also the main object of fishing fish. Carp is an omnivorous fish, meat and vegetable food, but feeding tends to grass shrimp, red worms, earthworms, white worms (maggots), vegetarian bait, food rice, red yarrow, millet, wheat bran, rapeseed cake and other plant fruits and seeds. Carp also have a certain seasonality in their eating habits. They temporarily change their eating habits with changes in air and water temperatures, and are obviously selective about their food. In the summer, carp like to swim in the mud to eat the organic material in the mud, this digging mud and food behavior by anglers used to call the sand.
Carp like living water, like in ponds, lakes and reservoirs in the inlet and outlet to stay, against the flow of the more obvious habits. In static water often jump out of the water, like to chase the waves, love in the water color turbid place to hide, high temperature resistance, salty, low oxygen resistance ability is strong, avoiding strong light like weak light habits, therefore, in the sunshine of the weak light weather and rainy days easy to catch. In addition, carp have a special means of escape after hooking. After fishing in the water, they will try to escape from disaster by "piling up". It has a strong reproductive ability, spawns a high number of eggs, can be mated several times a year to reproduce, and eats less when reproducing and more after spawning, so it's easier to catch in the summer time every year.
Carp like scent and sweet taste, sour taste is second, therefore, the use of casting rod with bomb group bait fishing, bad food production, according to the above principles of preparation, bad food base material can be used in wheat bran, rapeseed cake, rice, millet, etc. Mixed with the use of tandem hooks can be used to meat bait, such as shrimp, earthworms, snail meat, crickets, white worms and so on.
Fishing spots: as the saying goes, "spring carp summer carp" summer is the golden season for carp fishing, should be based on the habits of carp to choose a fishing spot, the preferred fishing spot for the lake reservoirs and other natural waters of the dam, inlet and outlet and the head of the boulders, the river downstream of the deep water, the fall can be chosen to have a migratory water slow-flowing areas of the reservoirs, lakes, bays and branches, choose to use these waters as a fishing spot. These waters are ideal for fishing. The carp is an omnivorous fish, because of its wide range of food, the individual is large and become one of the favorite fishing species.
Carp is a benthic omnivorous fish that eats both meat and vegetables. It has a wide range of bait, developed anastomosis, and often arches the mud to feed. Carp is also a low-level thermophile, body temperature changes with the water temperature changes, do not have to rely on the consumption of energy to maintain a constant body temperature, so the total amount of bait intake is not large. At the same time, carp and most freshwater fish belong to the same species of non-gastric fish, and the intestinal tract is short, fast metabolism, so the feeding habits for the less eat hard food. The digestive function of carp is very much related to the water temperature, and the seasonality of feeding is very strong. Winter (especially under the ice) is basically in a semi-dormant state of fasting, the body fat is consumed in the winter, and once spring arrives, it is eager to consume high protein food to supplement. Late fall, winter is approaching, in order to accumulate fat, there will also be a "catch food" peak, but also to high-protein bait. Therefore, early spring. Late fall carp fishing, to earthworms, river shrimp and other animal bait. After spring, as the temperature rises, the amount of fish feeding becomes larger, the quality of the bait is no longer the main, and the quantity rises to the first place. Therefore, in late spring, throughout the summer and early fall, a fairly long period of time, carp are mainly vegetarian. At this time of fishing, you should use face bait, bad food and so on.
Although the carp is a demersal fish, it does not mean that its activity area is unchanged. The seasonal changes, the temperature of the water is warm and cold. Wind wind direction, air pressure, high and low, the turnover, water quality, turbidity, water size, water level rise and fall, dissolved oxygen in the water body, bait environment, etc., will always change the activities of the fish in the region, so that they are often for a large position to move, if in larger waters, this is called 'migratory'. Carp compared with other freshwater fish, there are *** the same habits also have special habits. These habits are mainly by the breeding needs, bait needs, oxygen survival needs to decide.
The grass habit of a variety of water plants and aquatic plants thrive in the waters, but also a variety of plankton and benthic organisms thrive in the fish can be taken here to the abundant food. The water plants are also excellent spawning beds for fish, and these places are the gathering place for fish during the breeding season in spring every year.
The top stream habit of a pond is often a stream or canal water injection, it is not only for the pond fish to bring a lot of fresh bait, but also in and out of the water at a high level of dissolved oxygen, is the ideal place for fish to feed on oxygen. The so-called "downwind flag, top water fish", the reason lies here.
Wave-by-wave habit habit of the wide waters of the pond, a windy day, the water surface is often set off a large wind and waves, the wind and waves to promote the surface layer of plankton and some other food accumulations in the wind at the mouth, the bait and the waves into the water, this area has become a natural feeding ground for fish. Where the waves are rising, the dissolved oxygen in the water must be high (this is the same reason as the oxygenator in the high-density fish pond). Based on the above two, the fish have developed a tendency to follow the waves downwind of the habit of life.
Warm habits in the natural body of water temperature is low, it is clear that all types of fish like to sunny waters activities for food, rarely to the side of the large shaded slopes and shaded water activities, but also will not be a long time in the water temperature of the deeper water to stay still. In the early spring and late fall, the shallow, sunny water is warmer during the day,
and the fish love to come here to swim and feed. The temperature difference between the morning and evening night is large, the shallow water temperature also fell fast, the rate of decline is large, the fish will usually have to turtle to the relatively warm water body deep water area to go. With the rise and fall of the water surface temperature during the day and night, the fish will also be floating day and night sinking. On the contrary, in the summer high temperature season, morning, evening, night shallow water is cool and pleasant, fish like to tend to. During the day, as the temperature of the water rises, the fish will gradually move to deep water. Blazing sun, the heat of summer noon, the fish are generally in the deepest part of the pond hunker down and do not move. If you follow the above rules "to find the fish", basically, you can find their traces.
In addition to catfish and blackfish, most fish like to live in groups. Idioms such as "fish in a row" and "carp in a river" illustrate this habit. Carp is also so, this is on the one hand by the same food and habits of life, and on the other hand, the fish group and move, but also out of the prevention of enemy damage to a nature and instincts.
Oxygen tendency, tend to static habits of natural water oxygen content is generally an average of 8-12 milligrams per liter, when it falls to less than 1 milligrams, will cause most of the fish to stop feeding, "floating head", and even death. Carp, catfish, etc. relatively strong ability to tolerate hypoxia, carp is not, generally require more than 5 mg per liter of dissolved oxygen. Oxygen in the water comes from the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, and then from the surface air. Oxygen dissolution is slow in windless weather and good in big waves. Where there is a lack of oxygen, the fish will be very sensitive to the high oxygen content of the water transfer. This is the main reason why fish like grass, like flow, like waves, like shallow. Thunderstorms before the low air pressure, the weather is boring, the fish do not bite; heavy rain just breaks the day clearing, the fish are "crazy bite"; upwind head of stagnant water area fish do not like to bite, downwind at the wave surge, the fish are very active; fat ponds, such as fresh water from outside the injection of the population, there is a gold fishing belt. ...? All of these phenomena illustrate the truth: dissolved oxygen high place fish tend to be over-ambitious. In addition to this, the love of silence is also one of the obvious characteristics of fish, and carp is no exception. Fish have a developed sense of hearing and are extremely sensitive to sound, especially sudden, rusty, high-intensity sound, and quickly move away from the sound source when they hear it. Of course, fish avoid sound only in general, they are on some natural sounds - such as waterfalls, wind and waves, running water, rice washing sound, insects fall into the water sound, but not afraid, but very like. If it's a high-density intensive pond, then the sound of pellet feed being thrown will even make the fish scramble to gather.
Carp leap Dragon Gate story:
East China Sea in a large group of gold back carp white belly carp, gray-eyed carp, heard that King Yu to select can leap on the Dragon Gate of the wind flow of Yuxiu talent to care for the Dragon Gate, they will be in groups, along the Yellow River against the current.
Before they could see the shadow of the dragon's gate, the one gray-suited carp was dazed by the mud and sand in the Yellow River, so they turned their heads and swam downstream, effortlessly swimming back to the Yellow Sea. Unfortunately, it ran into a sea monster with a big mouth, and then it died.
But the gold back carp and white belly carp, set up a long snake formation, take turns to play the front, against the wind and waves, day and night, finally swam to the foot of the Dragon Gate. They put their heads out of the water, looking up at the Dragon Gate God: only to see the magic of the Dragon Gate on both sides, each with an embracing thick white jade pillar. Jade pillar carved with a living stone dragon. Dragon body wrapped around the jade column, circling up to the top of the column of 100 feet. Dragon Gate in the water waves, silver splash to the dragon head above, - just into the "two dragons playing pearls" of the strange color picture. The view is better than that of Penglai's fairyland.
The carp, having seen the beauty of the scenery, signed up for the test with King Yu. King Yu was overjoyed at the sight, and said: "Fish and dragons are born of the same species, and they become dragons when they leap to the Dragon Gate."
The carp heard, immediately drum gills shake tail, make all the life force upward leap, did not expect just jumped out of the water more than ten feet high, fell down, fell on the surface of the water, the old pain old pain. But they are not discouraged, but day and night training hard to fall tail jump. So straight practice for seventy-seven forty-nine days, a leap of seventy-seven forty-nine feet high. But they are still far from being able to leap the 100-foot dragon gate.
Da Yu saw that the carp were willing to practice hard kung fu, so he enlightened them and said: "What a big group of fish!" A golden-backed carp was enlightened by King Yu's words, and said to the group of fish: "When King Yu said: 'What a big group of fish', didn't he inspire us to make a group effort to leap to the Dragon Gate?" The group of fish exclaimed in unison: "Many thanks to King Yu!"
The carp were so happy that they shook their heads and waved their tails, one by one, glaring, puffing their gills, and striking the water with their tails, only to hear the sound of "fattening" striking the water one after another. A leap of 7,749 feet high, in mid-air, a pad for a body, gasping for breath, another leap of 7,749 feet high. Only two feet away, King Yu used his hand to fan a breeze, the wind urged the fish to leap, the fish one by one to leap on their day and night longing for the Dragon Gate.
But the golden-backed carp, which is the gas cushion for all the fish, watched its companions leap up to the dragon's gate, and remained at the foot of the gate by itself. It thought: Why don't I borrow the water power to jump up to the dragon gate. Coincidentally, the Yellow River water is rushing in the heart of the Dragon Gate on the boulders, wave splash dozens of feet high, the gold back carp violently out of the water, jumped on the crest of the wave, and with the tail slamming the tip of the wave, the fish body jumped up, I did not expect to leap to the blue sky between the white clouds. The fish leaped up and landed on top of the Dragon Gate as if it were a dragon descending from the sky. Dayu saw, marveled at, and then in this gold back carp head point red, in a flash, fish and dragons change. In a flash, the fish and the dragon changed. The gold-backed carp turned into a golden dragon for good luck. Dayu ordered the golden dragon to lead the carp to protect the Dragon Gate. According to the legend of the old man, in the past, if the people who fished on the Yellow River found a carp with a red color on its head, they would immediately put it back into the Yellow River. School enrollment out of the list, the name of the red point on the law comes from this.
Hancheng since ancient times, many readers, they "to the child into the", metaphorical "fish leap Dragon Gate". Hancheng city also set up a "Dragon Gate Academy". There is a brick carving of "Fish Leaping Dragon Gate" on the wall of the main gate of the Temple of Literature.
I hope my answer is helpful to you, thank you ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~