Mao leaf jujube also known as Taiwan green jujube, India jujube, apple jujube, belongs to the jujube family jujube plants, native to India, is a kind of fast-growing, productive, high-quality fruit trees, because of its unique flavor and rich in a variety of nutrients and favored by the consumer, has become my county rapid development of a kind of emerging fruits. Its grafted seedlings in March-April after planting can blossom and bear fruit that year, a single plant that year can hang fruit 10-20Kg, cultivation for more than 3 years of single plant yield can reach more than 100Kg. Because of the hairy leaf jujube fruit in November to the following year March winter and spring ripening, coinciding with the off-season market, high economic benefits. At present, our county main cultivation varieties have high Lang one, Biyun, new century, yellow crown and so on. Cultivation and management techniques are as follows: 1. planting period: hairy leaf date planting should be selected in the rainy season March-April evening, in the irrigation and climatic conditions in good areas or nutrient bag seedlings can be planted throughout the year.

2. Planting density: hillside, poor soil plots can be appropriately dense, fertile soil orchards can be appropriately sparse. General row spacing of 5 × 5m, three years later, depending on the growth potential of the deforestation to 18-20 plants per 667m2.

3. planting method: planting before digging a good planting hole according to the specifications of 50cm square, each hole with soil fertilizer 25-50Kg, three compound fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as compound fertilizer) 1Kg, calcium and magnesium phosphorus 1Kg and the appropriate amount of boron, magnesium sulphate, conditions can be added to the peanut cake fertilizer 1-2Kg by fully mixed for the Base fertilizer. For acidic soil can be added to the appropriate amount of lime powder to neutralize the acidity.　After planting, water the roots thoroughly, cover with straw or film to moisturize, if the sunny days should be watered every 1-2 days, until the survival.

4. Configuration of pollination tree: hairy leaf jujube autoflowering fruiting rate is low, cultivation needs to be configured to pollinate the tree, pollination tree configuration should be the morning blooming type and the afternoon blooming type of varieties with the same blooming period (such as GaoLang one with BIYun), pollination tree with the grasp of the 10-20% or so. 1. Base fertilizer: heavy base fertilizer, generally in March-April after fruit picking branch tip pruning retraction combined with the expansion of the hole to change the soil hole with organic fertilizer 30-50Kg, urea 0.1Kg, calcium magnesium phosphorus 0.5Kg, 0.5Kg of composite fertilizer as a base fertilizer. If the plant is weak, you can apply more nitrogen fertilizer as appropriate.

2. Fertilizer: the new value of the plant after survival, every 15 days to apply 1-2% of the liquid urea or rotted dilute human urine, even 3 times, and then every 30 days or so per plant each time to apply 75-100g of compound fertilizer, the young fruit each time to increase the 20-25g per plant. Urea, fruit expansion period of 1Kg per plant of rotting peanut cake or 25Kg of human urine, in order to improve yield and quality. Two years old or more mature trees in June-July before the bloom period to apply flower fertilizer, strain applied compound fertilizer 0.3Kg plus urea 0.1Kg; September-October fruiting period to apply fruit-protecting fertilizer, strain applied compound fertilizer 0.7Kg to facilitate the proliferation of fruit cells; November-December fruit expansion period to apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer, the Potash-based fertilizer to promote fruit expansion.

In July flowering period and October young fruit period according to the tree growth potential with 0.1% Yang Fucheng vitality or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.2% borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and other solutions for foliar spraying, in order to promote the pollination, fertilization, improve the rate of seating, and promote the expansion of the fruit, and can prevent the lack of pigmentation. Hairy leaf jujube branch tip growth, and slender and fragile, hanging fruit, very easy to cause depression and wind damage, must do a good job of pruning, in order to achieve high yield, stable yield. After the planting has been established, in May-June, choose to stay above the grafting mouth diagonal growth, uniform distribution of 3-4 strong branches as the main branch of the year, cut off the other young branches and rootstock buds. One-year old plants only need to cut off the cross overlapping branch tips. Trees over two years old should be pruned appropriately to maintain good ventilation and light by pruning the shade branches and overlapping branches in the tree chamber, and need to be renewed once a year by main trunk retraction.

The hairy leaf jujube strong growth potential, results in large quantities, branches are easy to load overweight broken or sagging, in addition to pruning should be carried out in a timely manner, but also need to set up a trellis, in order to facilitate its growth and development and to prevent wind damage. 1.1 hairy leaf jujube powdery mildew

1.1.1 Morbidity

Hairy leaf jujube powdery mildew pathogen asexual stage for powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is the most important disease of hairy leaf jujube, mostly occurs in damp and cool conditions, cool weather in fall and winter, and coincides with the rainy and foggy days, heavy dew when the onset of the disease is more serious. In Taiwan Taisha area, generally in mid-November to early January of the following year. In Guangdong, generally in mid to late August to the beginning of September onset, mid-September to late November for the onset of the peak period, 12 disease is basically stable, but until the following year, January to February can still occur, April to July onset less. Poor ventilation in the orchard, the disease is prone to occur. Powdery mildew mainly harms fruit, leaves and young branches, etc., to harm the fruit and leaves mainly. Leaf damage, first from the lower leaves, gradually spread to the upper leaves. At the beginning of the onset of white mycelium on the back of the leaf, followed by white mycelium and white powder (conidia) can be covered with the back of the leaf, the front of the leaf appeared to fade green or light yellowish brown irregular spots. The victimized leaves are dark yellow-brown later, easy to fall off; the onset of serious damage to young branches, white mycelium and white powdery material covered the entire branch, the young leaves are yellow-brown wrinkled, withered; fruit damage to the expansion of the fruit is mainly, the young fruits are the second. The victimized fruit first appeared white mycelium, followed by the expansion of white mycelium and white powder can be covered with the whole fruit in severe cases. Fruit damage after the skin becomes numb, wrinkled, brown or yellow-brown, easy to fall off or die; light disease fruit can continue to grow, white powdery mold layer off, the diseased part of the gray-brown, the diseased part of the pericarp is rough, cracked, lusterless, corky. Flower organ is less victimized.

1.1.2 Control measures

China planted hairy leaf jujube areas with warm climate, the pathogen has no obvious overwintering phenomenon, and thus with the disease plants and hairy open door to see the mountain weeds is the main source of pathogen infestation. Therefore, the control of powdery mildew should be based on agricultural measures, supplemented by pharmaceutical control.

①Good orchard hygiene. Can be harvested every year after the orchard ventilation and light; remove weeds around the orchard and centralized treatment to reduce the source of disease infection.

②Timely pharmaceutical control. In the early stage of the disease, should be timely selection of 50% sulfur gel suspension 200 ~ 400 times, or 70% sulfur wettable powder 300 ~ 400 times, or 0.3 ~ 0.4 boomerang (boomerang is used in the past to indirectly express the specific gravity of the unit, has been abolished, and instead of the density of expression. At 15 ℃, the boomerang degree is equivalent to 1.007 g/cm) stone sulfur combination, or 40% methomyl gel suspension 400 to 600 times liquid, or 20% powder rust Ning wettable powder 1500 times liquid, or 75% Chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 to 700 times liquid for spraying. Sulfur is a potent agent for the control of powdery mildew.

1.2 hairy leaf jujube leaf black spot disease

1.2.1 Morbidity hairy leaf jujube black spot disease pathogen is Isariopsis indica var. Zizyphi, the disease is a new disease of domestic fruit trees. The black spot disease of hairy leaf jujube leaves generally began to occur sporadically in October of that year, and the peak of the disease occurred in February to March of the following year, when most of the leaves on the diseased plant were covered with black particles, and some of the leaves were necrotic and fell off. Along with the shedding of leaves, robust plants and draw out new leaves, new shoots on the leaves is not seen on the symptoms. the end of April to October for the decline of the disease; but in the dry and hot area when the situation is different, such as in yunnan yuanmou, once occurred, spread quickly, easy to make the hairy leaf jujube large areas of victimization. And the occurrence of the disease and the rainy season has a great relationship, with the rainy season comes early or late. Most years in June after the onset of small rainy season, which is related to humidity and wind and rain splash spread. early august to early october rainy season period is the peak of the disease, all the orchards have different degree of victimization. mid october rainy season after the end of the spread of some weakening, but due to the accumulation of more disease sources in the early stage, the harm is still very serious, make a lot of leaf yellowing and fall off, not only affect photosynthesis, but also the extraction of Axillary buds, so that the fruit nutrient supply is insufficient and fruit drop occurs, seriously affecting the yield.

The disease mainly affects leaves, and its main symptom is to produce sporadic black spots on the back of the leaf first, and then gradually expand into a round or irregular black spots, 0.5-6 mm in diameter. In severe cases, the spots can be united into pieces, presenting soot-like large black spots on the back of the leaf blade and yellow-brown spots on the leaf surface. The affected leaf blade is curled or twisted, easy to fall off. It causes the fruit to become smaller and the taste to be reduced. Young leaves are more susceptible to infection.

1.2.2 Control measures

①Agricultural measures. Strengthen soil, fertilizer and water management, enhance tree strength, cultivate strong branches, reduce the source of pathology and enhance resistance; pruning after fruit harvesting, cut off diseased, weak branches and leaves, and centralized treatment; apply a potash fertilizer before the rainy season to improve plant disease resistance; control weed breeding.

②Chemical control. In the appearance of small black spots on the back of the leaves, the use of 50% sulfur gel suspension 200 times liquid, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 to 800 times liquid, or 80% zinc diclofenac wettable powder 600 times liquid, can effectively control the development of the disease. It is more effective to use 20% tricyclazole wettable powder 600 times solution. In the back of the leaves just have a small dark black spots, spray 70% metribuzin wettable powder 800 times solution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 to 1000 times solution can be effective in making the disease recede. Methotrexate or carbendazim mixed with sulfur gel suspension is more effective.

1.3 Hairy Leaf Date Epidemic

1.3.1 Morbidity

Epidemic pathogen is Phytophthora palmivora. hairy leaf date epidemic mainly occurs in Taiwan, and mainly in December to the following year, March fruit ripening period occurs. When it occurs, the surface of the fruit forms a brown watery spot, and in the later stage, the surface is covered with white mycelium and sporocarps, and causes fruit drop. The occurrence of epidemic disease and rainfall has a close relationship, the onset of more rainy season, the dry season is less. When the orchard is improperly irrigated and the soil is too wet, it can also cause the onset of the disease, and the fruit near the ground is easy to be infected.

1.3.2 control measures

Mao leaf jujube disease prevention and control, in addition to pay attention to orchard hygiene, results when the frame or fixed branches, in order to prevent the results of the part is too low, close to the ground is easy to be infected by the germs; at the same time should pay attention to the orchard ventilation, drainage, to prevent the accumulation of water, to reduce the disease occurs. Drug control can refer to the hairy leaf jujube date leaf black spot disease.

1.4 Hairy leaf jujube black coal disease

1.4.1 Morbidity

Black coal disease often occurs in the orchard of mismanagement or improper pest control. It is often induced by honeydew secreted by red spider, leafhopper and mealybug pests when they are active on branches or leaves. Honeydew contains sugar, amino acids and proteins is a natural culture medium for coal fungus, the disease bacteria reproduce in large quantities on the surface of the leaves to produce a layer of black mycelium, mycelium growth will be full of the whole leaf, so that photosynthesis is reduced. Mycelium does not invade the epidermal cells of the plant.

1.4.2 Control measures in addition to the use of agricultural measures to improve plant immunity, through pruning of diseased branches and leaves centralized treatment, strengthen the orchard ventilation and light, should also do a good job in the control of red spiders, leafhoppers, mealybugs and other pests, in order to really play a role.

1.5 hairy leaf jujube root rot disease

1.5.1 Morbidity

Root rot disease may be caused by the yellow honey mushroom root rot disease bacterium Armillaria mellea. Armillaria mellea root rot disease mainly occurs in Taiwan. When victimized, the new leaves appear yellowish green, the leaves wither, and in severe cases the whole plant gradually dies. When harming the roots, make the roots die, root epidermis or cortex inside covered with mycelium, mycelium can continue to grow upward until the base of the trunk, harming the stem peripheral part of the tissue, so that the above ground die.

1.5.2 Control measures

Digging trenches to block the contact between the diseased plant and the roots of the healthy plant, cutting off the path of mutual infection; the diseased plant that has been withered and died, the victimized roots should be dug up and burned together with the dead branches and trunks. The soil of the planting hole of the diseased plant should be sterilized, and can be disinfected by sprinkling lime or drenching fungicide, and can also be disinfected by 70% pentachloronitrobenzene powder for soil disinfection, and the amount of medicine used for each planting hole is 75~150 grams, mixed with 30~60 times of fine soil, and evenly sprinkled into the diseased hole. There are many kinds of pests that harm the hairy leaf jujube. According to Wen Hongzhi and so on 1987 ~ 1988 in Kaohsiung, Pingtung two places of investigation, in Taiwan Province of harm to the hairy leaf jujube insect pests up to 28 kinds of, which to citrus red spider, poisonous moth, jujube geometrid, jujube stick insect, gold turtle, shellfish, jujube leaf insect, jujube heartworm, and so on.

2.1 Citrus red spider

2.1.1 Occurrence

Citrus whole-clawed mite (Panonychus citri Mcgregor) occurs about 25 generations a year. Except for the trunk renewal in April to May, it occurs at other times. its density increases gradually in September to October when the climate is gradually dry, and reaches the peak in December. Red spider mite sucks the sap of leaves with mouth needles. The female mite lays eggs at the base of leaf midrib, both sides, petiole, shoot and fruit surface, and after the eggs hatch, it feeds on the leaves with wako mite and adult mite, and the chlorophyll at the infested place disappears and is brown or reddish brown, and the leaves turn yellow, which eventually leads to a large number of defoliation; and when it harms the fruits, it produces a rough brown scar on the surface of the fruits, which has a greater impact on the appearance and quality.

2.1.2 Control measures

①Protect and utilize natural enemies. Pay attention to the protection of natural enemies such as mite-eating ladybug beetles, and utilize natural enemies to control its massive occurrence, which is one of the effective control measures.

②Pharmaceutical control. It can be sprayed with 20% dicofol emulsion 800～1000 times, 73% keflex emulsion 2000～3000 times or 20% cypermethrin (Mefenacet) emulsion 2000～3000 times. The period of red spider's mass occurrence coincides with the fruit harvesting period, therefore, attention should be paid to the pesticide residue problem, and stop applying medicine 10 days before harvesting.

2.2 Small White Toxin Moth

2.2.1 Occurrence

There are many kinds of poisonous moths harming the hairy leaf jujube, among which the small white toxin moth occurs more. The insect host is wider, harming a variety of fruit trees, generally occurring 8 to 9 generations a year, the anniversary can be seen. If the adult day and night, laying eggs in the edge of the leaf, block-shaped, covered with yellow tail hairs of the female moth. The first hatch larvae gather to feed on the epidermis of the leaf blade, and after the third instar, they are scattered, looking for new parts such as leaves, flower spikes, fruits, etc. to feed on the damage. The hairs of the larvae are poisonous, and when touched to the skin, redness, swelling, itching and pain will occur.

2.2.2 Preventive measures

①Artificial measures. Remove the egg mass during the egg stage and burn it.

②Pharmaceutical control. When the number of occurrences is large, 90% crystal trichlorfon 600-800 times liquid, or 40% Rogaine emulsion 1000-1500 times liquid, or 2.5% dichlorvos emulsion (deltamethrin) 3000 times liquid control. It can also be controlled by spraying 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times, or 50% phoxim emulsion 1500 to 2000 times.

2.3 White-spotted star aspen

2.3.1 Occurrence

White-spotted star aspen (Anoplophora maculata Thomson) occurs one generation a year, in Taiwan, the adult insect appears in April to September, to May to July the most, this time when the hairy leaf jujube main trunk renewal soon, most of the main trunk is exposed, easy to attract aspen to lay eggs. Adults lay eggs in the lower parts of the trunk, the trunk is thicker, then the egg laying site upward, each seam to lay 1 egg. After the eggs hatch, the larvae immediately invade the bark of the hairy leaf jujube tree damage, larvae in the bark of the tree feeding on the phloem, the harmed bark is dead, but it is difficult to judge on the appearance, only after invading the xylem and discharging the wood debris, you can judge the damage.

2.3.2 Control measures

①Artificial control. According to the weak flying ability of adult insects in the early morning, it is easy to capture the characteristics of adult insects. Find the moth holes according to the discharged wood chips, and then kill the larvae by hooking them with wires and so on.

②Pharmaceutical control. Cotton dipped in 80% dichlorvos emulsion or 40% Rogaine emulsion 5 to 10 times liquid, plugged into the cavity hole, or use a syringe for wormhole irrigation, and then sealed with wet soil to poison the larvae. Also available 1/8 ~ 1/6 piece of aluminum phosphide plugged into the wormhole, and then sealed with wet clay.

2.4 Citrus mealybugs

2.4.1 Occurrence

Planococcus citri Risso (citrus mealybugs) occurs in about 10 generations a year, and is more serious in the dry season. The female adult is oval in shape and her body is covered with numerous short hairs, which are covered with white wax powder and are clearly recognizable. After maturity, the female adult secretes a cotton-wool-like white waxy egg capsule from the tail end and lays eggs in the egg capsule, with an egg period of 12 to 13 days, and both adults and larvae gather in branches, leaves, leaf axils, fruits, or lurk under the loosened cortex. The infested leaves curl up, grow poorly, and excrete mucus, inducing sooty disease and attracting ants.

2.4.2 Control measures

①Biological control. Protect and utilize natural enemies such as broad-bellied fine bees, endoparasitic low-grade wakame, high parasitism rate, and significant control effects.

②Agricultural measures. Cut off the infested branch tips, leaves, centralized burning.

③Pharmaceutical control. You can use 40% oxolinic acid emulsion 1000 times, or 40% hydramethyl sulfamate emulsion 1000 times, or 40% speed paraffin emulsion 1000 times, or turpentine 10 to 15 times spray control.

2.5 Date Geometrid

2.5.1 Occurrence

One generation a year, mainly in late March, endangering the hairy leaf jujube shoots, buds, leaves. Food quantity is large, when serious, the buds all eaten up, seriously affecting the yield and tree strength.

2.5.2 Control measures

Concentrate on eliminating the larvae before the 3rd instar, and use 90% crystal trichlorfon 300~400 times liquid, or 50% phoxim emulsion 1500~2000 times liquid, or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 3000 times liquid, or 20% speed kill butyl emulsion 2000~3000 times liquid, or 40% hydrazine phosphorus 1000 times liquid.

Spraying the medicines such as 10% Meprobamate emulsion 2000 times liquid, or 24% Wanling water 1000 to 1500 times liquid and other medicines.

2.6 Hairy Leafy Date Leafhopper

2.6.1 Occurrence

The Hairy Leafy Date Leafhopper (Ouadria parkistanica Ashmead) has a small body, very similar to the small green leafhopper that harms the general crops, but it has a yellow carapace and many spots on its wings. In Taiwan, only one species of Ouadria parkistanica has been found as a host crop. Hairy leaf date leafhopper in addition to the main trunk in March to renew the amount of branches and leaves is small, can be seen all year round its harm. after July gradually increase, to reach the peak in September, later with the decline in temperature, the density is gradually reduced. Harm, mainly adults and wakame in the leaf dorsum prick suck sap, the initial stage in the leaf surface to produce yellow spots, severe leaf withering, but also secretion of honeydew, induced sooty disease, affecting photosynthesis.

2.6.2 Control measures

Can use 50% malathion 1000 ~ 1500 times liquid, or 40% oxolinic acid emulsion 1000 times liquid, or 20% leafhopper散乳油800～1000倍液, or 25% speed methomyl ketone wettable powder 600～800 times liquid, or 10% methomyl ketone emulsion 2000～3000 times, or 20% speed methomyl ketone emulsion 2000～3000 times, or 20% speed methomyl ketone emulsion 2000～3000 times. The spraying is carried out by the agents such as 2000~3000 times of emulsified oil of Meprobamate or 20% speedy killing of butane. Generally every 10 days or so spray 1 time, 2 times in a row, and then depending on the specific circumstances to decide to spray or not.

2.7 Compylomma lividicoms Reuter

2.7.1 Occurrence

The Compylomma lividicoms Reuter (Compylomma lividicoms Reuter) is a relatively small insect, and at the early stage of the damage, the adults and the caterpillars are hiding in the cracks of the young tips, which is not easy to be detected with the naked eye, and this situation often results in the prevention and control of the time being missed. The insect occurs throughout the year, but it is more frequent in dry and cool seasons, fall, winter, or the beginning of spring and summer, with an average of one insect per shoot. The insect mainly stings and sucks and harms branches, item buds and young leaves, often causing new shoots or young leaves to shrivel, deform or even stop growing.

2.7.2 Control measures

Can use 90% crystal trichlorfon 600-800 times liquid, or 10% methoprene emulsion 1500-2000 times liquid, or 40% lecithin emulsion 1500-2000 times liquid, spraying 1 time every 10 days. Trichlorfon is a special drug for the control of tsubaki elephant.

2.8 Date Sticky Worm

2.8.1 Occurrence

Jujube Sticky Worm (Ancylis sativa Liu) is also known as sticky leafminer, jujube leafroller and so on. It mainly harms the leaves with its larvae in early summer. Adults are active in the morning and evening, have a strong tendency to light, and male moths also have a strong tendency to female moths secreted sex hormone. The larvae have the habit of transferring the damage by spitting down the silk.

2.8.2 Control measures

①Biological control. Set up black lights or sex traps to kill adults during the adult period. Release pine caterpillar red-eye wasp once in the early stage of egg-laying, early bloom and bloom stage of the 2nd and 3rd generations of adults.

②Pharmaceutical control. Can use 50% dichlorvos emulsion 800 to 1000 times liquid, or 90% crystal trichlorfon 600 to 800 times liquid, or 50% malathion 800 to 1000 times liquid, or 24% Wanling water 800 to 1000 times liquid, or 10% cypermethrin 2000 times liquid, or Cyanobacteria, bacillus fusiformis 100 to 200 times liquid and other agents spray.