The customs of the winter solstice include: eating mutton, eating meat on the winter solstice, eating jiaozi in the north, eating glutinous rice balls in the south, eating red bean porridge, eating wonton, giving shoes and hats, hiding winter ice, putting dumplings on the door, steaming steamed buns, celebrating the festival of cattle, eating rice cakes, making rice cakes and eating dog meat. I think there are six customs about how to eat more on the winter solstice. Let's take a look with me:
? One of the customs of the winter solstice: celebrating the festival of the ox?
In addition, on the winter solstice, farmers in Taiwan Province give their oxen a holiday, let them drink to drive away the cold, and thank them for their hard work for a year, commonly known as "Cow Festival", which shows how much Taiwan Province compatriots attach importance to agriculture!
At first, there was no cattle farming in Taiwan Province, but later it was introduced from abroad and southern Fujian and other places in mainland China due to the needs of production and life. At the end of Ming Dynasty, the Dutch occupied Taiwan Province and found that there were no cows in Taiwan Province. But they want to develop sugarcane planting in Taiwan Province. If there are no cows, the efficiency is very low. Therefore, 200 cows were specially transported from colonial Java to be used as cultivated land and sugarcane planting. This is the origin of yellow cattle in Taiwan Province. The first 200 cattle bought from Java were not enough, so the Dutch set up a "Cattle Company" in Taiwan Province to manage cattle, train and breed cattle, and encouraged the aborigines to fence the captured bison, and then feed them after being whipped and abused. In this way, after half a year's taming of the fast and one year's taming of the slow, bison can listen to people and participate in the ranks of cultivation. Buffalo in Taiwan Province were shipped from the mainland of China after the Qing Dynasty.
On this day, the owner of the oxen will give the oxen a holiday. In order to thank the oxen for their hard work for one year, they also use glutinous rice balls, a festival food, to stick to the horns to show that the oxen have a holiday. When the weather is particularly cold in winter, we should give the cattle alcohol to keep out the cold. Even in the 1960s, when the material was extremely scarce, the commercial departments in southern Fujian specially distributed wine tickets for cattle to drink to keep out the cold, which was commonly known as "cow wine" by local people. This scene, which is based on wine and celebrated by people and cows, can be called a spectacle of the customs of protecting and respecting cows on both sides of the strait!
? The second custom of the winter solstice: hiding winter ice?
In the north, ice storage is usually done around the winter solstice. On the winter solstice, the ice will be stored in the cellar, sealed tightly, and all kinds of fresh fruits will be hidden at the same time. After the spring, they will be taken out and sold in the market, and the color will be just like that just picked from the tree.
People cut ice from the river with iron brazing, which is more than one foot wide and more than two feet long. It is called a party. On the winter solstice, the ice is hidden in the cellar, which is about 20 feet deep. After the ice is hidden, the cellar is immediately sealed and sealed, and at the same time, all kinds of fresh fruits are hidden, and they are taken out for sale after the spring. The color is just like being picked from the tree. As usual, residents in the southern coastal areas repaired the icehouse after the winter solstice and stored ice cubes to keep fish fresh during fishing in the following year.
In ancient times, there was no such advanced refrigeration technology as it is now, and ice cubes could not be manufactured artificially. However, the clever ancients skillfully used the production conditions at that time to explore a set of methods of using natural ice cubes to cool off the heat, specifically, "winter ice is used in summer", which is the origin of the custom of storing winter ice.
? The third custom of the winter solstice: giving shoes at the winter solstice?
On the Winter Solstice Festival, there is also the custom of giving shoes among the people, which has a very ancient origin. "Notes on Chinese Ancient and Modern Times" said: "There are embroidered mandarin ducks in the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Zhao ordered his aunt to go to the winter solstice." Cao Zhi's "Winter Solstice Offering Socks and Footwear Table" also has a sentence of "Welcome to the sample in the next year, and celebrate when you are long."
On the Winter Solstice Festival, people used to give shoes, which originated from ancient times and was mainly reflected in children, hoping that children would grow up healthily. In the past, it was mainly hand embroidery. As gifts for boys, hats are mostly made in the shape of tigers and dogs, and embroidered shoes are also beasts. For girls, hats are mostly made in the shape of phoenix, and embroidery on shoes is mostly flowers and birds. Now most of them are purchased from the market, and the form follows the trend of the times. On holidays, adults always like to drop in with their children and boast about the shoes and hats presented by their aunts and uncles.
There is a sentence in Cao Zhi's Table of Offering Socks and Footwear on the Winter Solstice in the Three Kingdoms, and it is recorded in Youyang Miscellany that "women in the Northern Dynasties often wear socks and boots on the Winter Solstice". Winter Solstice: "The sun is born in the next place, the sun is forever in the sky, and the scenery is blessed for a long time. As for a hundred million years". Therefore, the previous winter solstice was also called "Walking Long Festival". It means that the sun shines on the winter solstice, and the primary yang begins to go up from the ground, that is, from the feet, so send a pair of shoes to protect the primary yang to ensure safety. As the saying goes, "The winter solstice is a sunny day, and shoes are safe and healthy", which is what it means.
? The fourth custom of the winter solstice: eating dumplings?
In the south, it is popular to eat dumplings on the winter solstice, and there is also a saying among the people that "eating dumplings is one year older". Tangyuan, also known as dumplings, is a round dessert made of glutinous rice flour, and "round" means "reunion" and "perfection", so eating tangyuan on the winter solstice is also called "winter solstice dumplings".
Legend has it that glutinous rice balls are specially put for mice. According to legend, the seeds of grain were bitten by mice from far away places to be planted by farmers. In order to repay the contribution of mice, farmers agreed that a small part should be left uncut when harvesting every year so that mice could eat them. Later, because a greedy man harvested all the grains in the field, the mouse complained to Goddess Guanyin in anger. After listening to this, Goddess Guanyin felt sorry for her, so she gave her a pair of hard teeth and told her to move into other people's houses in the future to find food. Since then, the mouse has done harm everywhere. Become one of the "four evils" today.
However, this vulgar custom of "pasting dumplings everywhere" won't last long after all. It is not only unsanitary, but also unsightly and wasteful, and naturally dies out. And this custom of "eating dumplings" has been passed down to this day.
? The fifth custom of the winter solstice: frozen mutton?
On the winter solstice, the custom of eating "frozen mutton" is also popular in Simen, Yuyao, that is, buying fresh mutton, cutting it into blocks, adding seasonings such as soy sauce and fennel, cooking it in a big fire, putting it into a basin, and freezing it into "frozen mutton" after the mutton is cooled. When eating, put a piece of "frozen mutton" into full rice, which is delicious and fragrant.
It is said that the custom of eating mutton on the winter solstice began to form in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu, ate dog meat cooked by Fan Kuai on the winter solstice, which made him feel particularly delicious and full of praise. Eating dog meat on the winter solstice has spread among the people since then, and later eating dog meat has gradually changed into eating mutton and other tonics. It would be better if mutton could be accompanied by traditional Chinese medicine for dispelling wind and preventing cold. As a result, the custom of eating mutton on the winter solstice has been widely handed down in the southern region, and the tradition of eating mutton on the winter solstice has been formed among the people.
? The sixth custom of the winter solstice: what's the number?
Counting nine is one of the popular customs in China. Count nine, that is, counting from the winter solstice (it is also said that counting from the winter solstice every nonunion day), every nine days counts as a "nine", and so on. As the saying goes, "it's hot in the dog days, but cold in the dog days", and the coldest period in a year is "the dog days". Count to nine until it's eighty-one days, when the peach blossoms bloom at nine. At this time, the cold is gone and the weather is warm. Due to the vast territory of China, the climate varies greatly from place to place. Corresponding to the winter solstice "9981 days, nine peach blossoms, deep spring and warm days", only some parts of China, not all parts of the country.
As the folk saying goes, "The summer solstice is three years old, and the winter solstice is nine." The number nine method has been passed down from mouth to mouth among the people in China, which has a history and lacks records. As for when it originated, there is no exact information. However, it was popular at least in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In the Records of Jingchu Years, Zong Yi of the Liang Dynasty wrote: "The number of winter solstice days and 9981 days is the end of cold." In China's traditional philosophy, the ebb and flow of Yin and Yang, with Yang growing and Yin disappearing, symbolizes warmth coming and cold going.
According to different climatic conditions, landscape features, agricultural phenology and customs, the folks have compiled a jingle of "Counting 99": 1929 is not unexpected, 3949 is on the ice, 5969 is watching willows along the river, 799 rivers are open, 899 geese come, 999 is plus 19, and cattle are everywhere. Count to 99, the winter solstice will pass, and spring will come.
The customs of the Winter Solstice Festival vary from north to south, but one thing is basically the same. Everyone's original intention is the same. They are all to welcome the arrival of the Winter Solstice Year and celebrate the coming of the new year.
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