Jellyfish belongs to the genus Jellyfish under the family Cephalotaxus, Cephalotaxus, and jellyfish belongs to the genus Cephalotaxus, Cephalotaxus, Cephalotaxus and Cephalotaxus. Jellyfish mainly refers to jellyfish-shaped (bell-shaped or dish-shaped) echinoderms, and there are about 200 species in the world. Jellyfish and sand jellyfish are only specific species in this large category of jellyfish. There are about 30 kinds of jellyfish that can sting people along the coast of China. In recent years, jellyfish stings in East Asian waters are all caused by jellyfish.
There are common jellyfish floating in the Yellow Sea along the coast of China, which can secrete peptide poison. The Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences has done pharmacological research on jellyfish, and found that a comprehensive toxin extracted from the stinging sac of sand jellyfish can kill a mouse with a little more amount. However, jellyfish venom can also cause different degrees of damage after stinging the human body, such as sea wasp jellyfish, which can secrete cobra venom, which is the most harmful to human beings and can cause death within 5 minutes after stinging. Jellyfish are found in the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the Bohai Sea, but they are generally less toxic.
2. Will sand jellyfish and jellyfish appear offshore?
Jellyfish are warm-water and live in coastal waters all their lives. The young jellyfish before the original mouth heals all occur near the estuary, and the water depth in the distribution area is generally 5-20 meters, sometimes up to 40 meters. 2/kloc-0: Since the beginning of the century, jellyfish and sand jellyfish in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea have appeared serious outbreaks, and they appear in large numbers in offshore and inshore waters almost every year. In summer and autumn, jellyfish are found in the northern East China Sea, the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.
In midsummer, it is the peak season of jellyfish growth activities, and it is also the peak season for tourists to be easily stung when swimming in the seaside. Although jellyfish and sand jellyfish mainly appear in offshore and inshore waters, they mainly move with the current because of their poor swimming ability. Therefore, with the rise and fall of the tide, some sand jellyfish will also be brought to the seaside.
3. In the news, the girl was given first aid after being stung, but why didn't she save her life?
After being bitten by jellyfish and jellyfish, there will be red spots and blood rash at the wound, which will be itchy and burning. Patients with strong sensitivity may have wheal, erythema, edema, ecchymosis, blisters and even epidermal necrosis. In particular, patients with allergic constitution may have acute edema, and they will die in a short time if they are not rescued in time. The girl was also given first aid after being stung, but whether jellyfish can sting people depends on three factors: first, the species and individual size of jellyfish; Second, the area of human body being stung; Third, personal physique, here "physique" mainly refers to the human body's ability to respond to jellyfish toxins. Generally speaking, children are weak, sensitive to jellyfish toxins and weak in self-resistance.
4. If you are accidentally stung by jellyfish or sand jellyfish, what is the fastest and life-saving treatment?
Don't panic after being bitten by jellyfish or sand jellyfish while swimming in the sea, and swim to the shore as soon as possible. If there is a bathing hospital nearby, it is recommended to go directly to the hospital for treatment, especially for children who have a strong reaction to toxins. It is recommended to go to the hospital as soon as possible. If the hospital is far away or the degree of sting is light, preliminary treatment can be carried out according to the following steps:
First of all, you can wipe the wound with a dry towel or other gentle clothes in one direction to remove the venom and jellyfish tentacles adsorbed on the skin. Remember to face in the same direction, and don't rub it back and forth. If the thorn bag is large, you should find tools to scrape it off in time.
Secondly, wash the sting with seawater (white vinegar can also be used). Remember never to use fresh water, because fresh water will accelerate the release of venom from stinging cells.
Then, an alkaline solution can be applied to the wound to neutralize the toxin. Such as alum water or 1% sodium bicarbonate solution (soapy water is also acceptable). Be careful when rubbing, without too many times, to prevent secondary stab wounds.
After the above preliminary treatment, the injured can be sent to the hospital, and those who are not too serious can take some anti-allergic drugs orally. In case of rapid wound expansion, poor breathing or other obvious discomfort symptoms, you should go to the hospital quickly to avoid delaying your illness and endangering your life.
5. How can I keep a distance from dangerous creatures when swimming on the beach? How to avoid such a tragedy from happening again?
To prevent being stung by jellyfish or sand jellyfish, the most important thing is to avoid contact with them. In the jellyfish flood season, the seaside tourist destination should set up a buoy fence, set up eye-catching publicity and warning signs at the seaside, and cooperate with the popular science education and broadcasting to prevent injuries, so as to improve the knowledge and ability of tourists' self-protection. Those who swim or take a boat in the sea should never touch jellyfish, let alone catch them, because once an accident happens at sea, it is more difficult to rescue them. Once bitten by jellyfish, the injured must not panic. As long as they go to the hospital for treatment in time, they will generally get better and recover quickly. On the other hand, if the stung person acts improperly or negligently, it is easy to drown, fall, or be dangerous and aggravate the condition because of the delay in treatment.
(Author: Liu Yadan, chief expert of science communication in china society of fisheries, and Li Shengfa, director of the resource room of Donghai Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, slightly revised, original article, please do not reprint without authorization)