The rules of changing English nouns from singular to plural;
First, the plural form of most countable nouns is followed by -s at the end of the word.
Pronunciation changes: the suffix is voiced consonant reading [s], and the suffix is voiced consonant or vowel reading [z].
Example: friends → friends; Cat → cat; Style → style; Sports → sports; Piece → piece
2. Any word ending in S, Z, X, ch, sh, and the trailing -es at the end of the word form a plural.
Phonetic change: unified pronunciation [iz].
For example: bus → bus; Quiz → quiz; Fox → fox; Matches → matches; Flash → flash
3. For nouns ending in consonant letter +y, change Y to I and add -es.
Pronunciation change: add [z].
Example: candy → candy; Daisy → daisy; Fairy → fairies; Lady → lady; Story → story
4. For nouns ending in -o, if they are not loanwords or abbreviations, add-es; Otherwise, add -s to form a complex number.
Pronunciation change: add [z].
For example: tomatoes → tomatoes; Potatoes → potatoes; Torpedo → torpedo; Bingo → bingo
Counterexample: silo → silo; Piano → piano (foreign words); Photos → photos; Macro → Macro (abbreviation)
5. Most nouns ending in -f or -fe change -f or -fe into -ves, but there are exceptions.
Pronunciation change: the suffix [f] is changed to [vz].
For example: knife → cutter; Life → life; Leaves → leaves; Staff → staff; Scarf → Scarf
Counterexample: roof → roof
6. Nouns ending in -us (mostly foreign words) usually change -us to -i to form the plural.
Pronunciation change: the final sound [Es] is changed to [ai], in which [kEs] is changed to [sai] and [gEs] is changed to [dVai].
Example: fungi → fungi; Abacus → Abazi; Focus → focus; Cactus → cactus; Cestes → Sesti
7. Nouns ending in -is are usually changed from -is to -es.
Pronunciation change: the suffix [is] is changed to [i:z].
Example: axis → axis; Foundation → foundation; Nose → nostril; Hypothesis → hypothesis; Rest → rest
8. Nouns ending in -ix usually change -ix to -ices, but there are exceptions.
Pronunciation change: the ending sound [iks] is changed to [isi:z].
Example: matrix → matrix; Alignment → Alignment; Cup → cup; Appendix → Appendix Counterexample: Affix → Affix
Nine, nouns ending in -um, change -um to-a.
Pronunciation change: remove the nasal ending [m].
For example: forum → forum; Stadium → Stadia; Aquarium → Aquarium; Benchmark → data; Vacuum → vacuumizing
10. For nouns ending in -a, add -e at the end of the word.
Pronunciation change: the end [E] is changed to read [i:].
Example: Larva → Larva; Formula → formula; ala→alae； media→mediae； Hydra → Hydra
XI。 The plural forms of some words remain unchanged.
Pronunciation change: keep the original sound.
Example: fish → fish; Sheep → sheep; Cattle → cattle; Deer → deer; Salmon → salmon
Twelve, a very small number of words, their plural forms are irregular.
Pronunciation change: irregular.
Example: men → men; Woman → woman; Children → children; People → people; Bull → Bull
Thirteen, some singular words need to add en to become plural:
Example: yellow cattle → yellow cattle; Children → children; Brother → brother
Fourteen, some singular words should be converted into plural.
For example: analysis → analysis; Foundation → foundation; Datum → data data; Feet → feet;
Formula → formula/formula; Goose → Goose; Lice → lice; Men → men
Mouse → mouse; Media → media/media media; Memo → Memo/Memo s Memo;
Parentheses → parentheses parentheses; Phenomenon → phenomenon; Radius → radius radius
Teeth → teeth; Woman → woman
Fifteen, some nouns are singular and plural.
Example: deer; Fish; Cannon; Sheep; Salmon salmon; Trout trout
Sixteen, although some nouns have singular and plural numbers, it is always singular words that appear more often.
Example: abstraction; Clothing; Movies; Ask for help; Furniture furniture; Mechanical machinery; News; Scenic scenery; Sugar;
traffic flow
Seventeen, other nouns are more likely to appear in the plural.
Example: bellows bellows; Clothes; Police; Shorts, shorts; Scissors scissors; Glasses; shearer
Pants and trousers; salary
18. compound nouns, such plural numbers are represented by subject nouns.
Example: daughter-in-law → daughter-in-law daughter-in-law; Father-in-law
Warships → Warships; Maid → maid
Stepson → Stepson's late son; Son-in-law → son-in-law
Nineteen, if specific figures are expressed, words should be used.
Example: pair (right, double); Suit (set); A pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
20. There are also plural forms of some nouns that can sometimes express special meanings.
Example: goods, water, fish.
Twenty-one, except RMB yuan, jiao and fen, USD, GBP and FRF all have plural forms.
Example: one dollar, two dollars; One meter, two meters