xi m ? o s dá 2
saleratus
sodium bicarbonate. Edible 3 Baking soda Pharmacopoeia Standard 3.1 Product Name 3.1.1 Chinese Name
Baking soda 3.1.2 Chinese Pinyin
Tansuanqingna
3.1.3 English Name
Sodium Bicarbonate 3.2 Molecular Formula and Molecular Weight
N The content or titer of aHCO3 84.1 3.3 stipulates that
NaHCO3 in this product should be 99.5% ~ 1.5% (for injection and hemodialysis), or not less than 99.% (for oral use). 3.4 properties
this product is a white crystalline powder; Odorless and salty; It decomposes slowly in humid air; When the aqueous solution is left for a little longer, or shaken or heated, the alkalinity will increase.
this product is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol. 3.5 identification
The identification reaction between sodium salt and bicarbonate in aqueous solution of this product (Appendix III of Pharmacopoeia II, 21 edition). 3.6 check 3.6.1 alkalinity
Take .2g of this product, add 2ml of water to dissolve it, and measure it according to law (Appendix ⅵ H, Part II of Pharmacopoeia 21), and the pH value should be no higher than 8.6. 3.6.2 clarity of solution
Take 1.g of this product, add 2ml of water to dissolve it, and the solution should be clarified (for injection and hemodialysis); Or compared with turbidity standard solution No.2 (Appendix ⅸ b of Pharmacopoeia II, 21 edition), it shall not be thicker (for oral use). 3.6.3 chloride
take 1.5g (for injection and hemodialysis) or .15g (for oral use) of this product, dissolve it in water to make it 25ml, add nitric acid dropwise to make it slightly acidic, heat it in a water bath to remove all carbon dioxide, let it cool, check it according to law (Appendix VIII A of Pharmacopoeia II, 21 edition), and make it with 3.ml of standard sodium chloride solution. 3.6.4 sulfate
take 3.g (for injection and hemodialysis) or .5g (for oral use) of this product, dissolve it in water to make it 4ml, add hydrochloric acid dropwise to make it slightly acidic, heat it in a water bath to remove carbon dioxide, let it cool, check it according to law (Appendix VIII B of Pharmacopoeia II, 21 edition), and make it with 1.5ml of standard potassium sulfate solution. 3.6.5 ammonium salt
Take 1.g of this product, add 1ml of sodium hydroxide test solution, and heat it. The red litmus test paper generated by steam shall not turn blue when it is wet. 3.6.6 loss on drying
Take 4.g of this product, dry it in a silica gel dryer for 4 hours, and the weight loss shall not exceed .25% (Appendix VIII L of Pharmacopoeia II, 21 edition). 3.6.7 aluminum salt
Take two copies of this product (for hemodialysis), put them in 1.g ml polyethylene measuring bottles respectively, carefully add 4ml of nitric acid, ultrasonically treat for 3 minutes to dissolve, dilute one copy with water to scale, and shake well as the test solution; Add ]2.ml of standard aluminum solution [accurately measure an appropriate amount of aluminum single-element standard solution and dilute it with water to make a solution containing 1 μ g of aluminum (Al) per 1ml] to the other part, dilute it with water to scale, and shake it evenly as a reference solution. Use 4% nitric acid solution as blank. According to atomic absorption spectrophotometry (second method of appendix Ⅳ D in Pharmacopoeia II, 21 edition), the determination at the wavelength of 39.8nm should meet the requirements (.2%). 3.6.8 copper salt
Take 1.g (for hemodialysis) of this product, put it in 1ml polyethylene volumetric flask respectively, carefully add 4ml of nitric acid, ultrasonically treat it for 3min to dissolve it, dilute one part with water to scale, and shake it evenly as the test solution; Add ]1.ml of standard copper solution [accurately measure an appropriate amount of standard solution of copper single element, and dilute it quantitatively with water to make a solution containing 1 μ g of copper (Cu) in 1ml], dilute it with water to scale, and shake it evenly as a reference solution. Use 4% nitric acid solution as blank. According to atomic absorption spectrophotometry (the second method in Appendix IV D of Pharmacopoeia II, 21 edition), the determination at the wavelength of 324.8nm should meet the requirements (.1%). 3.6.9 calcium salt
Take 1.g of this product, add 5ml of newly boiled cold water to dissolve it, add 1ml of ammonia test solution and 2ml of ammonium oxalate test solution, shake well and leave it for 1h; In case of turbidity, it should not be thicker (.1% (for injection and hemodialysis)) than the reference solution made of standard calcium solution (accurately weigh .125g of calcium carbonate, put it in a 5ml measuring flask, add 5ml of water and .5ml of hydrochloric acid to dissolve it, dilute it to scale with water, and shake it evenly, and each ml is equivalent to .1mg of Ca). 3.6.1 iron salt
Take 3.g (for injection and hemodialysis) or 1.g (for oral use) of this product, dissolve it with appropriate amount of water, add dilute nitric acid to make it slightly acidic, boil it for 1min, let it cool, dilute it with water to make 25ml, check it according to law (Appendix VIII g of Pharmacopoeia II, 21 Edition), and mix it with 1.5ml of standard iron solution. 3.6.11 heavy metal
take 4.g of this product, add 19ml of dilute hydrochloric acid and 5ml of water, boil for 5min, let it cool, add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator solution, add ammonia test solution dropwise until the solution turns pink, let it cool, add 2ml of acetate buffer solution (pH 3.5) and appropriate amount of water to make 25ml, and check it according to law (Appendix ⅷ of Pharmacopoeia II, 21 edition) 3.6.12 arsenic salt
take 1.g of this product, add 23ml of water to dissolve it, add 5ml of hydrochloric acid, and check it according to law (appendix Ⅷ J, part II, 21 edition), which should meet the requirements (.2%). 3.7 content determination
take about 1g of this product, weigh it accurately, add 5ml of water to dissolve it, add 1 drops of mixed indicator solution of methyl red and bromocresol green, titrate with hydrochloric acid titration solution (.5mol/L) until the solution changes from green to purple, boil for 2 minutes, cool it to room temperature, and continue to titrate until the solution changes from green to dark purple. Every 1ml of hydrochloric acid titration solution (.5mol/L) is equivalent to 42.mg of NaHCO3. 3.8 class
antacids. 3.9 storage
sealed and stored in a dry place. 3.1 preparation
(1) baking soda tablets? (2) Baking soda injection version 3.11
The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (21) version 4.1 Description of Baking soda
English name of Baking soda 4.2
Alias of Sodium Bicarbonate 4.3
Sodium bicarbonate; Sodium bicarbonate; Acid sodium carbonate; Chongcao; Alkane base; Baking alkali; Bicarbanate sodium 4.4 classification
Circulatory drugs >: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and anti-shock drugs 4.5 dosage forms
1. Tablets: .3g, .5g； each;
2. injections: .5g(1ml), 5g(1ml) and 12.5g(25ml). 4.6 pharmacological effects of baking soda
baking soda is an antacid. It is a weak base, its anti-acid effect is fast, weak and short-lived, and it reacts with acid to neutralize it. Oral absorption or intravenous infusion can directly increase the body's alkali reserve. When it is used to prevent and treat metabolic acidosis, it reacts in vivo. Carbon dioxide is excreted from the lungs, while Na remains in the body or is excreted with urine in some forms of sodium salt. After normal people take it, it can alkalize urine by increasing the excretion of HCO3. Baking soda contains 27.38% sodium, and 1g NaHCO3 is equivalent to 11.9mmol(11.9 mEq) sodium.
1. As an absorptive antacid, baking soda can quickly neutralize gastric acid after oral administration, and weaken or alleviate the * * * and erosion of gastric acid on ulcer surface.
2. Intravenous infusion can directly increase the body's alkali reserve and reduce the hydrogen ion concentration in the body.
3. Wash * * or take a bath with its solution to make * * * alkaline, which can inhibit fungal reproduction.
4.3% solution can soften cerumen. 4.7 Pharmacokinetics of Baking Soda < P > Baking Soda bicarbonate is easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after being taken orally, acting within 15 minutes, lasting for 1-2 hours, and being excreted in urine within 3-4 hours. Intravenous drip of baking soda injection can play a role quickly. 4.8 indications of baking soda
Oral administration is mainly used for hyperacidity, alkalizing urine (which can prevent urine crystallization or urine closure after taking sulfonamides), improving the curative effect of aminoglycosides and other antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infections, promoting uric acid excretion, which is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of uric acid stones. It can also promote the excretion of weakly acidic drugs, so it can be used as an auxiliary therapeutic agent when these drugs are poisoned. Intravenous drip is used for the treatment of severe metabolic acidosis, and also for hyperkalemia, shock with acidosis symptoms caused by various reasons, early cerebral embolism and severe asthma status quo who are ineffective by other drugs. The solution with a certain concentration is used as gastric lavage fluid after being poisoned by alkaloids, mercury, iron and organophosphate drugs (except trimethoprim). 4% solution is used for washing * * * or sitting bath to treat fungal * * * inflammation, and 5% solution is used for ear drops to soften cerumen. 4.9 contraindications of baking soda
1. Patients with severe ulcer are prohibited.
2. Patients with congestive heart failure and renal failure should not use baking soda.
3. due to rapid alkalization, patients with hypocalcemia may have paroxysmal convulsions, while patients with potassium deficiency may have hypokalemia. Intravenous baking soda should be avoided in these patients.
4. Don't treat with baking soda for a long time. Due to vomiting, gastrointestinal drainage, diuretic application and a large number of chlorine ion loss, as well as heart disease, hypertension, renal dysfunction, peptic ulcer patients are prohibited. 4.1 Precautions
1.(1) When there is oliguria or anuria (because it can increase sodium load); (2) Sodium retention with edema, such as cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency and pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome; (3) Hypertension (the increase of sodium load may aggravate essential hypertension); (4) pregnant women.
2. Effects of drugs on children: Children under 6 years old should be cautious when using antacids, because children's complaints about symptoms are unclear, which may easily delay their illness.
3. Effects of drugs on lactation: Baking soda can be secreted by milk, but there is no data on the effects on infants.
4. Influence of drugs on test value or diagnosis: It has obvious influence on gastric acid secretion test or blood and urine pH measurement results.
5. Before and after medication and during medication, we should check or monitor: (1) arterial blood gas analysis or carbon dioxide binding capacity; (2) Determination of serum bicarbonate ion concentration and serum sodium, potassium, chlorine and calcium concentration: (3) Renal function; (4) urine pH value.
6. it is not advisable to take any medicine within 1 ~ 2 hours after taking baking soda orally.
7. The course of baking soda is not easy to be too long, so as to avoid metabolic alkalosis and sodium retention.
8. When treating mild to moderate metabolic acidosis, oral administration is appropriate; When treating severe metabolic acidosis (such as severe kidney disease, circulatory failure, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cardiopulmonary bypass and severe primary lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis, etc.), intravenous medication should be used.
9. Baking soda is often combined with other alkaline drugs and antispasmodic drugs in the treatment of ulcer.
1. Abdominal distension and abdominal pain caused by baking soda will affect the diagnosis of the disease, so patients with appendicitis or similar symptoms who are not diagnosed and the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding is unknown do not take oral medication.
11. Oral medication should also pay attention to the following problems: (1) The acid-making effect of baking soda is rapid, intense and short-lived; (2) The maximum daily dosage for adults is 16.6g(2mmol sodium) for those under 6 years old and 8.3g(1.