One, the selection of good seed: can choose white peas, peas in the pea 4, peas in the pea 6, Dutch beans, pods, large vegetable peas 1, beardless bean tip 1, the United States and other varieties of bean seedlings.
Two, deep plowing and fine-tuning: peas avoid continuous cultivation, planted peas plots to 4-5 years before planting again. Deep plowing, according to the characteristics of varieties and soil drainage conditions to determine the width of the bed, vegetable varieties of high straw 1.5 m *** even ditch **** 2 rows, grain varieties of high straw 2 m *** even ditch **** 4 rows of short straw varieties of 2.5-3.5 m *** even ditch **** 6 rows.
Three, good base fertilizer: 2500 kg of rotted stable fertilizer per acre before sowing, 25-30 kg of calcium superphosphate, 10-15 kg of potassium chloride, strip or hole. You can also use three compound fertilizer 30-40 kg hole.
Four, the right time to sow: generally in mid to late October sowing, row spacing 40 cm, plant spacing 20 cm, 10,000 holes per mu, 2-3 seeds per hole, the amount of seed per mu 5-7.5 kg. High culm varieties and seedling varieties are appropriately densely planted. Vegetable with high stalk soft pod peas, high stalk sweet peas, row spacing 70-80 cm, plant spacing 30 cm, easy to manage the picking. In the pea 4, in the pea 6 and other early dwarf varieties sown in late November, the amount of seed per mu 10 kg, row spacing 30-35 cm, plant spacing 10-15 cm, 2-3 grains per hole.
Five, field management: after the emergence of seedlings in a timely manner to check the seedlings to fill the gap, plowing and weeding 1-2 times. Emphasis on seedling fertilizer, especially not applying or less basal fertilizer fields, generally 5-7.5 kg of compound fertilizer per mu or urea 5 kg or 1000 kg of rotted human urine. High culm varieties in the spring after the temperature rises, when the plant begins to elongate, the small bamboo with tips or branches with branches *** to remove the leaves *** inserted between the rows, so that the pea plant climbing growth. Peas do not tolerate water damage, spring to pay attention to clear the ditch drainage. Blooming pods need more nutrients, per mu of urea 7.5 kg, five kilograms of three yuan compound fertilizer. Drum grain period spraying 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times.
Sixth, timely harvest: according to the edible way to decide the harvest time. General grain peas in the flowering 15-18 days after the full grain harvest; dry peas in 70-80% pods yellow harvest; vegetable peas *** Dutch beans *** in the flowering of 12-14 days after the young pods are not now grain harvest; pea seedlings in the sowing of about 30 days after the seedling height of 18 cm when picking the top of the shoots; forage harvested in the bloom; as a green manure in the collection of pods in time to turn the pressure.
The main points of planting bowl beans
***1*** Main cultivars
In the pea 6, in the pea 4, hemp pea, food Ying large vegetable pea 1 and so on.
***2***The whole land for the border
Selected flat, convenient irrigation and drainage of the field planting, the soil to slightly acidic to neutral is appropriate. Avoid continuous cropping, must be rotated with non-leguminous crops, at least 3-4 years apart.
Sufficient base fertilizer, generally per 667 square meters of rotting organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kg, 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate, evenly spread after deep plowing and fine harrowing, deep ditch and high beds, generally 20-25 cm high beds, beds about 1 m wide, beds ditch 30-40 cm, three ditch supporting to ensure that the drainage is smooth.
***3***Sowing
More fall sowing, late October to early November sowing, but also in early spring late February to late March sowing, in order to gain time, it is best to cover with mulch, to promote early emergence. Sowing method, 1 meter wide bed, each bed sowing 2 rows, 2-3 meter wide bed, each bed sowing 4-6 rows, rows 60-66 cm, hole spacing is 13-17 cm, each hole spot seeding 3, sowing depth 3-4 cm, each 667 square meters with about 5 kg of seed. Such as the use of cotton stubble set, do not have to plow, the seed will be sown in the rows between the cotton plants, each hole sowing 3-4 seeds. And in about 10 centimeters from the sowing hole on both sides of the hole point of application of calcium superphosphate, 30-40 kilograms per 667 square meters.
***4***Field management
Shallow plowing and weeding 2-3 times during the seedling period can improve plant resistance to cold. In case of drought after sowing, watering must be timely to promote the emergence of seedlings, and appropriate water control after the emergence of seedlings to prevent over-wetting and rotting, and to promote the deep rooting of the root system. The flowering and podding period is sensitive to moisture, drought should be watered appropriately, rain should be clear ditches and drainage, to keep the soil moderately moist, to prevent too much water or drought, caused by the fall of flowers and pods.
Autumn sown seedlings should be in the local average temperature drops to about 5 ℃, along the planting row strip application of rotted organic fertilizer, and combined with soil cultivation, congestion of roots to prevent freezing. After the spring greening or spring sowing seedlings began to draw vines, chasing the application of fast-acting fertilizer dilute manure or nitrogen fertilizer, per 667 square meters of urea 5-10 kg, to promote the growth of stems and leaves. After the start of harvesting young pods, need to apply 1-2 fertilizer, per 667 square meters of compound fertilizer 10-20 kg, the requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and heavy, to prevent the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. The beginning of the flowering period to pull out mixed seedlings in time.
Seedling height of 20 cm or so, with fine bamboo poles, bamboo or fine twigs and other stand "human" frame, every 2 rows of 1 frame, in a timely manner to lead the vine, so that the vine distribution is uniform, improve ventilation and light conditions. Pay attention to regular checks to prevent collapse. Cotton field planting, you can leave the cotton stalks to climb the vine.
***5***Pest control
Peas main diseases are powdery mildew, downy mildew; insect pests are leaf miner and aphids. Powdery mildew in the leaves appear most of the white powdery mildew-like spots, with 50% carbendazim or 20% powder rust Ning, add water 1000 times spray control 2-3 times. Downy mildew occurs in the flowering and podding period, yellow-green irregularly shaped spots appear on the leaves, and can be sprayed 2-3 times with 50% mefenoxam or 90% ethylphosphine aluminum 500-600 times. Both leaf miner and aphids can be controlled by spraying 20% deltamethrin or kung fu pyrethrin 2000-2500 times.
***6***Harvesting
Generally, the young pods are picked 7-10 days after flowering, specifically in the young pods when the seeds begin to form and the light shows traces of seeds.