1. In the process of biological fermentation, it is necessary to strictly control environmental factors, such as temperature, pH value and oxygen concentration. To ensure the good growth and production of microorganisms.

2. Nutrients, such as carbon source, nitrogen source, minerals, etc. It needs to be increased and adjusted in the production process to improve the yield of microorganisms and the quality of products.

3. The aerobic degree and acid-base tolerance of various microorganisms are different in the fermentation process, so it is necessary to choose suitable microbial strains for culture and fermentation.

4. Fermentation engineering has a high degree of automation and high bioengineering technology, which requires professional operation skills and equipment support.

Fermentation engineering is widely used in food, medicine, chemical industry and other fields, and can produce various products, including food additives, antibiotics, vitamins, enzymes and so on.