1. Reasonable adjustment of diet: It is generally believed that limiting cholesterol and saturated fatty acids in the diet, increasing unsaturated fatty acids, supplementing vitamins C, B, E, etc., and limiting the intake of salt and carbohydrates can prevent atherosclerosis.
2. Strengthen physical activity: Epidemiological investigation shows that people who engage in certain physical labor and insist on physical exercise have a lower incidence of coronary heart disease than those who sit for a long time and lack physical activity. At the same time, physical exercise has a good effect on controlling risk factors (reducing blood lipid, lowering blood pressure and losing weight) and improving blood circulation of patients with coronary heart disease.
3. control smoking; Smoking plays a certain role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. It has been reported that among people aged 35-54 who died of coronary heart disease, smokers are 4-5 times more than non-smokers, and those who smoke more are more dangerous, up to 4-5 times. After quitting smoking, the incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality of coronary heart disease are significantly reduced, and the longer the smoking cessation time, the greater the effect. This shows the danger of smoking and the importance of quitting smoking.
4. Treatment of related diseases: Early detection and active treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and other diseases related to coronary heart disease, as far as possible to eliminate and control these risk factors, is very important to prevent coronary heart disease.
Patients with angina pectoris should try their best to avoid and correct all factors that can induce or aggravate angina pectoris, try to improve the state of coronary circulation and neuropsychiatric function, and relieve and prevent angina pectoris attack. Therefore, the following measures should be taken to prevent angina pectoris attack:
① Because angina pectoris is a chronic disease that needs long-term attention, patients should properly understand the nature of the disease so as to treat it correctly. It is necessary to eliminate unnecessary anxiety and fear and cultivate optimism.
② Work should be properly arranged to prevent excessive mental stress and heavy physical labor. There should be enough sleep time. Avoid bad mental stimulation. Those whose initial attack or attack suddenly becomes frequent and aggravated should have a short-term rest and recuperation in a quiet environment. Light physical labor or walking can reduce angina pectoris for ordinary patients. Avoid excessive or sudden exertion in daily life, such as chasing a bus or walking quickly or for a long time in strong wind or snow. In any case, when you have angina pectoris, you should immediately stop your activities and rest quietly.
③ Like common patients with atherosclerosis, foods rich in animal fat and cholesterol should be restricted in diet, and obese people should gradually lose weight. Avoid a full meal. Tea and a small amount of coffee can be drunk if they do not cause obvious excitement or insomnia. A small amount of non-alcoholic liquor is also harmless, which may help dilate blood vessels and calm down. Patients with angina pectoris should try not to smoke.
④ Hypertension, anemia, hyperthyroidism and other diseases can increase the burden on the heart and aggravate angina pectoris, and should be actively treated. All kinds of arrhythmia can induce or aggravate angina pectoris, so we should try our best to correct it. The fundamental preventive measure of myocardial infarction is the prevention of atherosclerosis. In patients with angina pectoris or suspected coronary heart disease, the prevention and treatment measures of atherosclerosis and angina pectoris mentioned above can play a certain role in preventing myocardial infarction.
treat
The treatment of recessive coronary heart disease lies in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Angina pectoris should be stopped immediately when it occurs. It can be relieved by sublingual nitroglycerin 0.3 ~ 0.6 mg or isosorbide dinitrate 5 ~ 1 0 mg,11 2 minutes, or isoamyl nitrite 0.2 ml can be crushed and inhaled for 10 seconds. The side effects of these drugs include dizziness, blushing, and occasional drop in blood pressure, which is contraindicated for glaucoma patients. If patients have frequent attacks, they can take long-acting nitrates orally, such as isosorbide dinitrate. Propranolol can also be used for angina pectoris after labor. Angina pectoris induced at the time of physical labor or emotional excitement is called stable angina pectoris if the nature of pain attack, the number of daily attacks and the time are almost the same within1~ 3 months. Angina pectoris, which has developed symptoms and is unstable or newly occurred, is called unstable angina pectoris, which is aggravated within a few days or weeks. Variant angina pectoris is a kind of unstable angina pectoris. Propranolol is safe and effective for unstable angina pectoris. Clinical reports suggest that propranolol combined with isosorbide dinitrate is more effective than single drug. Propranolol has antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects, so it is more suitable for patients with coronary heart disease accompanied by hypertension or arrhythmia. Calcium orange antagonists, such as xintongding and xinkeding, are effective in dilating coronary arteries for stable angina pectoris and variant angina pectoris. Some people think that the effect of propranolol plus nifedipine is better than that of a drug. Maidaomin is an anti-angina drug that dilates blood vessels, 2 mg per tablet. It works in 2-4 seconds after sublingual administration or chewing, which can stop the onset of angina pectoris. After oral administration, the effect lasts for 6-7 hours, and the side effects are headache and head swelling, but it is rare. The sublingual or oral effect is strong, and it does not exceed 1 mg each time. It can improve myocardial microcirculation, dilate coronary artery, and resist coagulation, so it can be used for patients with angina pectoris. Generally, it can be taken orally with Danshen tablets or intramuscular injection of 2ml twice a day. If angina pectoris occurs frequently or acute myocardial infarction occurs, it can be used by intravenous drip once a day, with the amount of 8-10ml. Persantin has the effect of resisting blood coagulation, and can be taken orally with 25-50mg each time three times a day. If the angina pectoris can't be alleviated by the above measures,
When acute myocardial infarction occurs, you must stay in bed for1~ 2 weeks. If the condition is stable, you can do limb movements in bed for 3 ~ 4 weeks, or help the patient sit up in bed. After 4 weeks, you can gradually get out of bed and walk slowly indoors. Some people advocate that you can start to get out of bed within the first week, but it is better for patients who are seriously ill or have well-bore to stay in bed for a long time. If they have pain, arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency and shock, they must be actively treated. It can be administered intravenously, or a catheter can be inserted into the coronary artery and filled with streptokinase. Acute myocardial infarction is the most serious type of coronary heart disease, with great risk. If there are serious complications, the mortality rate is particularly high, which used to be 80%. With the improvement of treatment methods, it has dropped to about10 ~15% at present.
Health guide:
1. Have a regular life: you should go to bed early and get up early, avoid staying up late to work, and you should not watch nervous and scary novels and TV before going to bed.
2. Physical and mental happiness: mental stress and emotional fluctuation can induce angina pectoris. You should avoid rage, panic, overthinking and overjoy. Develop good habits such as raising flowers and fish to nourish your feelings and regulate your emotions.
3. Diet adjustment: Overeating greasy, fat and sugar will promote the deposition of cholesterol on the arterial wall and accelerate arteriosclerosis, so it is not advisable to overeat. Diet should be light, eat more digestible food, have enough vegetables and fruits, eat less and eat more meals, and have less dinner. Obese patients should control their food intake to reduce the burden on their hearts.
4. Quit smoking and drink less: Smoking is an important factor causing myocardial infarction and stroke, and you should absolutely quit smoking. Drinking a small amount of low-alcohol wine such as beer, yellow wine and wine can promote blood circulation and harmonize qi and blood. Hard liquor is forbidden. Do not drink strong tea or coffee.
5. Combination of work and rest: You should avoid excessive physical labor or sudden exertion, and don't be overworked. Walking, going up stairs and cycling should be slow, otherwise it will cause the heart rate to increase, blood pressure to increase and angina pectoris to be induced. It is not advisable to exercise after a full meal. Cold will make blood vessels contract, reduce blood supply to myocardium and cause pain, so we should pay attention to keep warm. Sexual life is highly exciting, blood circulation is accelerated, the whole body needs more blood, and the coronary blood supply is relatively insufficient, which is prone to angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, so it is appropriate to strictly control. After the complete recovery of myocardial infarction, atrial affairs should be controlled at1~ 2 times a month.
6. Proper rest: It is best to lie down and rest for a while when you have angina pectoris. You can work normally, but you should not be overworked. After the diagnosis of myocardial infarction is clear, you should stay in bed and lie flat. Within two weeks, all the life activities of the patient are completed with the help of others, and it is absolutely forbidden to turn over by yourself, because turning over will increase the burden on the heart, resulting in rupture of the myocardial infarction site or cardiac arrest. It is advisable to urinate on the bed and keep the urine unobstructed. If there are no serious complications, usually stay in bed for 2 ~ 3 weeks, and stay in bed for 3 ~ 4 times a day. If there is no change after one week, you can get out of bed and sit in a chair for about half an hour three to four times a day. After another week, you can take a walk in the bedroom. Long-term bed rest is not good for heart recovery, so it is necessary to exercise as appropriate. After three months, you can do light manual labor.
7. Physical exercise: Exercise should be chosen according to one's physical condition and hobbies, such as playing Tai Ji Chuan, table tennis, aerobics, practicing eighteen methods, etc. Do what you can to make the whole body circulate qi and blood and reduce the burden on the heart.
8. Active treatment: adhere to the necessary drug treatment, and control the diseases that can aggravate coronary heart disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc.
9. First aid for sudden death: When sudden death occurs, you should race against time for first aid, and immediately carry out chest massage and artificial respiration. Lie the patient on his back on a wooden board or on the ground, knock the patient's left chest two or three times with a fist, hold the patient's nostril, blow mouth-to-mouth for 1 time, and then press the heel of one hand (the other hand is overlapped on the hand) at the junction of 1 3 and 2/3 under the sternum, and straighten the elbows vertically downward. Re-artificial respiration 1 time, cardiac compression 5 times, and so on. Generally, artificial respiration is performed16 ~18 times per minute, and the heart is pressed 80 ~ 90 times, until the medical staff arrive at the scene.
Nutritional origin
1, fat has an unshirkable responsibility: epidemiological survey results show that the total intake of dietary fat is directly proportional to the incidence and mortality of atherosclerosis. In areas where fat intake accounts for more than 40% of total thermal energy, the incidence of atherosclerosis among residents has increased significantly. The total amount of dietary fat is the main factor affecting the concentration of cholesterol in blood, so excessive intake of fat is an important factor leading to coronary heart disease.
2. Cholesterol is a risk factor for coronary heart disease: the serum cholesterol concentration of patients with coronary heart disease is significantly higher than that of normal people. Clinical studies have found that the serum cholesterol concentration of residents in areas with high incidence of coronary heart disease is much higher than that of people in areas with low incidence, and the cholesterol intake in diet is directly proportional to the incidence of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the higher the intake of cholesterol, the higher the amount absorbed by the human body will be, and the probability of inducing coronary heart disease will also increase.
Diet conditioning
1, supply proper amount of heat energy: with the increase of age after middle age, physical activity and other activities decrease relatively, and the basal metabolic rate also decreases. Therefore, the heat energy required every day is correspondingly reduced. If the weight exceeds the standard, the supply of heat energy should be reduced to reduce the weight, and maintaining the ideal weight is the goal of dietary nutrition to prevent coronary heart disease. Many patients with coronary heart disease are often complicated with overweight or obesity, so we should control our weight within an ideal range by limiting the intake of heat energy in food or increasing energy consumption.
2. Control the fat intake: Usually, the daily fat intake should account for less than 30% of the total calories. Appropriately increasing the supply of unsaturated fatty acids and reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids, the cholesterol in food should be controlled below 300 mg per day, which can reduce the serum cholesterol level to a certain extent and prevent blood coagulation.
3. Limit cholesterol intake: High cholesterol is a powerful inducing factor for coronary heart disease. If the content of dietary cholesterol is not restricted, it will not only aggravate symptoms, but also induce other diseases. As a preventive diet, it should not exceed 300 mg per day, and the therapeutic diet should not exceed 200 mg per day. Foods with high cholesterol are prohibited. River fish or marine fish are low in cholesterol, such as herring, grass carp, carp, turtle, yellow croaker, pomfret and hairtail.
4, the supply of appropriate carbohydrates: especially patients with obesity or hyperlipidemia need to pay more attention. Polysaccharides, such as dietary fiber, sitosterol and pectin, should be selected to reduce cholesterol. Obese people should limit staple food and eat more coarse grains, vegetables, fruits and other foods with high dietary fiber, which is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease.
5, supplement minerals and vitamins: eat more fresh green leafy vegetables, especially dark vegetables, these foods are rich in carotene and vitamin C. Fruit is rich in vitamin C and contains a lot of pectin. Hawthorn is rich in vitamin C and carrot, which has obvious effects of dilating coronary artery and calming. Kelp, laver, Nostoc flagelliforme and auricularia auricula are rich in methionine, potassium, calcium and iodine, which are beneficial to the treatment of coronary heart disease. In addition, vegetables contain a lot of cellulose, which can reduce cholesterol absorption.
Food choice of patients with coronary heart disease
● Crataegus pinnatifida: Crataegus pinnatifida has the functions of lowering serum cholesterol and blood pressure, as well as promoting tracheal cilia movement, expelling phlegm and relieving asthma.
● Algae: kelp, laver, jellyfish, cauliflower, etc., which are rich in minerals and multivitamins, have the function of lowering blood pressure.
● Carrots: Carrots are rich in carotene and various nutrients, which can increase coronary blood flow, reduce blood lipids, promote adrenaline secretion, and have the effects of lowering blood pressure and strengthening the heart.
● Soybeans and peanuts: Soybeans and bean products contain saponine cellulose, which can reduce cholesterol in the body. Peanut contains a variety of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, which can prevent coronary atherosclerosis if eaten regularly.
● Onion: Onion can dilate blood vessels and reduce the resistance of peripheral blood vessels and coronary arteries.
● Ginger: Ginger mainly contains ginger oil. The effective components in ginger oil can prevent the absorption of cholesterol and increase the excretion of cholesterol. In addition, gingerol and gingene in ginger can promote blood circulation.
● Corn: Corn has the effect of anti-arteriosclerosis, with linoleic acid content as high as 60% or more in fat, lecithin and vitamin E, which can reduce serum cholesterol, prevent hypertension and arteriosclerosis, prevent brain cell decline, help blood vessels to relax and maintain the normal function of the heart.
● Buckwheat: Buckwheat contains rutin, chlorophyll, picrosine, buckwheat alkaloid and flavonoids. Rutin can reduce blood lipid and blood pressure, and flavonoids can strengthen and regulate myocardial function, increase coronary blood flow and prevent arrhythmia.
● Celery: Celery mainly contains volatile oil, mannitol, etc., which has the functions of lowering blood pressure, calming, invigorating stomach and diuresis.
● Leek: Leek is rich in cellulose, volatile essential oil and sulfur-containing compounds, which can promote intestinal peristalsis, reduce the absorption of cholesterol and reduce blood fat.
● Mushrooms and edible fungi: Mushrooms and edible fungi are rich in protein, low in fat and almost free of cholesterol, and have obvious effects of lowering blood fat and lowering blood pressure. Auricularia auricula can prevent thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
● Sweet potato: Sweet potato is rich in sugar, vitamin C and carotene, which can effectively maintain the elasticity of human arterial blood vessels, keep the joint cavity lubricated and prevent the atrophy of renal connective tissue. Eating sweet potatoes often can prevent fatty deposition and arteriosclerosis.
Suggestions on nutrition product conditioning
It is recommended to take Amway Nutrilite-grade vitamin C, selenium VE, lecithin E, VD calcium magnesium tablets, marine essence Omega-3 EPA DHA, protein powder, cholesterol-lowering health capsules, vascular circulation health capsules and other products.
Lecithin E: It has the function of emulsifying and decomposing oil, reducing blood viscosity, reducing the deposition of lipid peroxide on blood vessel wall, and promoting the dissipation of atherosclerotic plaque.
VD calcium and magnesium tablets: help muscle contraction and expansion, and help regulate the heartbeat.
Protein powder: enhance the body's immunity.
Omega-3 EPA DHA: EPA and DHA contained in it can regulate blood lipids, clear thrombi, reduce the concentration of low-density lipoprotein in blood, increase the content of high-density lipoprotein and prevent blood clots.
Selenium VE: It can resist free radicals in the body, reduce the production of lipid peroxide, and participate in the growth and repair of intima of arterial wall.
Top vitamin C: Helps decompose triglycerides, convert cholesterol into cholic acid, and scavenge free radicals.
Cholesterol-lowering health capsule