Limousin cattle
Limousin cattle have red or yellow hair color, lighter hair color of the mouth, nose, around the eye field, the inner side of the limbs and the tail broom, white horns and reddish-brown hooves. The head is shorter and smaller, the forehead is wide, the chest is wide and deep, the body is longer, the hindquarters are full of muscles, and the limbs are short and thick. Average adult weight: bulls 1100 kg, cows 600 kg; under better feeding conditions in France, the live weight of bulls can reach 1200-1400 kg, cows 800-900 kg. Limousin cows have high meat production performance, good defecation quality, large eye muscles, full front and hind limb muscles, and high meat yield, which makes them very competitive in the beef cattle market. Intensive rearing conditions, calves weaned after growing very quickly, 10 months of age, the weight of 408 kg, the weight of the week-old up to 480 kg or so, the average daily weight gain during lactation for 0.86-1.0 kg; because the cattle in the young age, 8 months of age calves can be produced with marbled beef. Therefore, it is the main breed of beef production in some European countries such as France.
Charolais cattle
The most notable feature of the cattle is the coat is white or cream, skin often have color spots; the whole body muscle is particularly developed; strong bones, strong limbs. Charolais cattle head is small and wide, horns round and longer, and to the front stretch, horns waxed, neck thick and short, chest wide and deep, ribs square and round, back wide and thick meat, body is cylindrical, full of muscle, hindquarters muscle is very well developed, and to the back and side of the protruding. Adult live weight, bulls average 1100-1200 kilograms, cows 700-800 kilograms.
Productive performance
The most notable characteristics that Charolais cattle show in terms of productive performance are: fast growth rate and high lean meat yield. Under good feeding conditions, male calves can LX up to 250 kg at 6 months of age and female calves 210 kg. Daily weight gain of up to 1400 grams. In Canada, under good feeding conditions bulls can reach 511 kg at age. The cattle as a specialized large beef cattle, meat production performance is good, slaughter rate is generally 65% -70%, carcass leanness of 85% -92%. 16 months of age of fattening heifers carcass weight up to 418 kg, slaughter rate of 60.3%. Charolais cows lactation is high, a lactation period can produce 2000 kg of milk, milk fat rate of 4.0% -4.7%, but the cow purebred breeding difficult to produce a high rate (13.7%).
Luxi yellow cattle
Luxi yellow cattle origin
Mainly produced in the southwestern part of Shandong Province, Heze and Jining two areas, north from the Yellow River, south to the Yellow River in the middle of the road, east to the canal on both sides of the triangle. There were 400,000 heads in our county in the early 1980s, and now it has grown to more than 1 million heads.
In the production performance
According to the results of the slaughter determination, 18-month-old cull cows average slaughter rate of 57.2% net meat rate of 49.0%, bone to meat ratio of 1:6.0 fat to meat ratio of 1:4.23, eye muscle area of 89.1 square centimeters. The average slaughter rate of adult cattle was 58.1%, net meat rate was 50.7%, bone to meat ratio 1:6.9, fat to meat ratio 1:37, eye muscle area 94.2 square centimeters. Muscle fiber is fine, meat quality is good, fat distribution is uniform, marbling pattern is obvious. Growth and development is fast, the body size at the age of one year can grow to 79% of the adult, and the weight is 10.1 times of the birth weight. Individual tall, bull body height 146.3cm, body length 160.9cm, chest circumference 206.36cm, body weight 685.18kg, maximum weight 1040kg. cortex is good, no sprouting eyes after processing. The temperament is gentle, strong and disease-resistant, easy to feed and manage.
Reproductive performance
Ewes mature early, some 8 months of age that can be fertilized. Generally 10-12 months of age to start estrus, the average estrous cycle 22 days, range 16-35 days; estrus duration of 2-3 days. The gestation period averages 285 days, with a range of 270-310 days. The first post-partum estrus averaged 35 days, range 22-79 days.
Jining's Luxi yellow cattle, tender meat, muscle fibers uniformly deposited fat between the formation of obvious marbling, has an unparalleled advantage of the good breed. When Premier Zhou was alive, he gave two heads of yellow cattle to his Japanese friends, and the price of marbled beef in Japan was more than double that of ordinary beef. Beef and cowhide produced in this county (dense leather, good toughness, advanced machine can split six layers), mostly used for export, welcomed by domestic and foreign customers.
Kobe beef
Kobe beef is a Japanese specialty, the main producing area is Japan, but the horse region, but not all cattle produced in Kobe can be called "Kobe cattle. According to the Henan Provincial Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of the relevant persons, the real Kobe cattle requirements are very strict. First of all, it must be very pure blood; second, the selected cattle must be virgin cattle, or eat up will have a slight milky smell; in addition, but also after the fat mixing rate, color, fineness and other items of the assessment, four or five or more qualified to be called "Kobe Beef".
Nanyang Cattle
Nanyang Cattle is an excellent local breed of yellow cattle in China. They are strong, fast walking, adaptable and have good meat production performance. Native to the plains of Henan Province, Nanyang Basin of the White River and Tang River Basin. 1985, according to the Nanyang area 8 counties (cities) statistics, about 680,000 head of Nanyang cattle. The breed has a moderate head size, complex horns, and a flesh-colored snout. Skin thin hair fine, hair to varying shades of yellow as much, but also red, grass white and other colors. The neck is short and thick, slightly bowed. Shoulder crest bulging, body tall and sturdy, forequarters developed. The tendons of the limbs are obvious, and the hooves are large and solid. The average weight of adult bulls is 650 kilograms, and that of females is 410 kilograms. After short-term fattening, the slaughter rate is 55-64%. The maximum pulling power of bulls averages 496 kilograms and that of females 365 kilograms. Many places in China have introduced this breed to improve the local yellow cattle. First, the introduction of beef cattle Beef cattle is a highly valued livestock, the world's more developed countries in animal husbandry, are very important to the development of beef cattle breeding, it is the status of the livestock industry is also second to none. The development of beef cattle farming can effectively convert a large amount of roughage, crop residues and food processing by-products into high-quality animal food, especially animal protein. Beef cattle are ruminants, larger food, daily fecal excretion is more than other livestock, so the annual output of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is correspondingly more. Vigorously develop beef cattle farming, agricultural by-products, "over the belly to the field", which reduces environmental pollution, promote the sustainable development of eco-agriculture, efficient use of agricultural resources, has an important practical significance.
Qinchuan cattle
Qinchuan cattle hair color to purple and red mostly, accounting for about 80% of the total number of about yellow less. The head is square, the nose mirror is flesh-red, the horn is short, flesh-colored, mostly outward or backward slightly curved; the body is large, the development of all parts of the body is balanced, the bones are stout, the muscles are plump, the body is strong and healthy; the shoulder is long and sloping, the forequarters are well-developed, the chest is deep and wide, the ribs are long and open, the back girdle is straight and broad, the length is moderate, the recommendation of bone department is slightly bulging, and it's usually more oblique coccyx; the limbs are stout and sturdy, the forelimbs are spaced wide, the hind limbs fly the knuckle close to each other, the hooves The hooves are round, the hoof fork is tight, the hoof quality is hard, and most of them are red.
The adult bull weighs 600-800 kilograms. Easy to fatten, delicate meat, high lean meat rate, marbling obvious. 18 months of age fattening cattle average daily weight gain of 550 grams (female) or 700 grams (male), the average slaughter rate of 58.3%, the net meat rate of 50.5%.
Jinnan cattle
Jinnan cattle are produced in the Jinnan Basin in the lower reaches of the Fen River in southwest China's Shanxi Province, and are one of China's famous local breeds of fine yellow cattle. Jinnan cattle were involved in the cross-breeding of Holstein cattle in China in the early days.
Breed performance
The Jinnan cattle has good meat production performance. Jinnan cattle is an ancient local breed of service cattle, tall and stout, muscular, well-developed forequarters and mid-carcass, heat-resistant, hard-working, hardy, resistant to roughage, with good service performance; fattening in the late stages of growth and development, feed utilization and slaughter performance is better, is one of the local breeds of the direction of the selection of the meat service is a promising direction, but there is still a poorer development of the udder, lactation is low, the coccyx slanting and pointing The company's website has been updated with the latest information on the company's website.
Yanbian cattle
Yanbian cattle, also known as Korean cattle, Yanbian cattle is one of the excellent local cattle breeds in the Northeast region, but also one of China's five major meat cattle breeds, distributed in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region, Jilin Province, Yanji, and Long, Wangqing, Hunchun, and the adjoining counties; Heilongjiang Province, Ning'an, Hailin, Dongning, Lingkou, Tongyuan, Biran, Bachuan, Yilan, Buli, Wuchang, Shangzhi, Yanshou, Tonghe, and Kuandian County and along the Duck River in Liaoning Province.
The bull weighs 480 kilograms and the cow weighs 380 kilograms. Good meat production performance, easy to fatten, tender meat, muscle cross-section is marbled. Slaughter rate is generally 40% to 48%, net meat rate is 35%, after short-term fattening, slaughter rate can reach 54%, net meat rate of 42%.
Bohai Black Cattle
Bohai Black Cattle, formerly known as "Wudi Black Cattle", is one of the world's three major black-haired cattle breeds, but also China's only black-haired cattle breeds. It is resistant to roughage, easy to fatten, high meat rate, tender meat, strong reproductive capacity, adaptability, in the summer temperature up to 40 ℃, winter temperatures of minus 20 ℃ under the conditions of good performance, is a rare breed of beef cattle, suitable for most of the northern regions of our country farming. The now popular industrial chain model combining breeding and processing has further promoted the economic development of black cattle breeding.
Other varieties
Other world-famous are the Japanese Wagyu (Kobe beef cattle belong to the breed), Seaford cattle, Shorthorn cattle, Dutch cattle, Angus cattle, Piedmont cattle, Danish Red Bull and other varieties.