Because most species of ground orchids are native to China, ground orchids are also called China orchids and listed as the top ten flowers in China. Orchids in China are mainly divided into five categories: Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum, and there are thousands of horticultural varieties. Chunlan Chunlan is also known as grass orchid and mountain orchid. Orchids are widely distributed and rich in resources. The flowering period is from February to March of a year, and the time can last about 1 month. The flowers are rich and pure. Precious varieties include petals of lotus, plum blossom, narcissus and butterfly. In terms of valve modeling, Jiangsu and Zhejiang famous products are the most typical. Cymbidium hybridum has thick and long roots, narrow and banded leaves, thick and hard, light green, serrated leaves and obvious midvein. The flowers are fragrant and persistent, and the color is yellow. White, green, reddish and multicolored, mostly colored flowers, but also plain flowers and irises. Orchids, also called Four Seasons Orchids, including Xia Lan and Qiu Lan, bloom in summer. Four-season orchids are strong and upright, and the album of stamps and photos of green-leaf orchids (12) is rich in flowers, fragrant in flowers, beautiful, not afraid of Xia Han, strong in vitality and easy to cultivate. Different varieties have different flowering periods, and flowers can be seen from May to1February. Cold orchids are distributed in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan in the southwest. The leaves of Hanlan are longer than those of Sijilan, especially the leaf base is thinner, the leaves are elegant and elegant, green and delicate, with large, medium and thin leaves and edging. Rich in design and color, there are yellow, green, purple, deep purple and other colors, generally mottled veins and spots, but also clean and flawless plain flowers. Sepals and petals are narrow and thin, unique, delicate and lovely, with attractive aroma. China Cymbidium hybridum, also known as Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum, is native to Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Taiwan Province and Hainan. Lannong in southern China, especially in Guangdong and Yunnan, likes to cultivate and watch. Spring sword Spring sword is often called authentic Chuanlan. Although Yunguichuan has a famous production, Chuanlan is the most precious. The colors are red, yellow, white, green, purple, black and other colors, which are gorgeous, graceful, elegant and pure in fragrance, and are often regarded as the first choice by orchid growers. Planting method: Orchid bonsai photo collection (18 photos) Orchids should be separated, not too piecemeal, with at least 3-5 seedlings in each cluster. It is best to put annual plants, biennial plants plants and triennial plants in the same cluster. Tile the bottom of the basin, and then gradually fill it with bricks, tiles or shells, in which the larger gap is filled with mud particles or bean stones, which is generally about 1/2~ 1/3 of the height in the basin. The rest of the clear height is about 10~ 15 cm, which is reserved as a culture soil layer. Its specific height depends on the kind of orchid, the length of orchid root and the height of flowerpot. Don't fill the bedding too tightly, leave some holes. Practice has proved that some new roots can grow well in the pores of the cushion. Planting on the cushion, first fill in 2~3 cm of culture soil, then slightly compact it by hand, and then put the orchid upright on it. Depending on the size of plants and flowerpots, several plants, 2 clusters, 3 clusters or more can be planted in a flowerpot. Three clumps should be planted as tripods. Four clusters can be planted in a square shape, and five clusters should be arranged in a plum blossom shape. The roots should be stretched naturally and the leaves should be brushed in all directions. Slowly put the orchid root into the basin, let the orchid root stretch naturally, and try not to rub the inner wall of the basin. After the orchid plant enters the pot, the posture of the orchid plant is gradually fixed. -A bunch of potted plants should tilt the old pseudobulb to one side to allow room for new buds to develop. There are several clusters of plants in a pot, and each cluster of old pseudobulb should be relatively concentrated in the middle of the pot, so that there is enough space for new roots and buds to develop outward. When planting with filling soil, hold the leaves with one hand and add nutrient soil with the other hand, hold the base of the orchid plant and lift it slightly to stretch the root system and shake the orchid pot at the same time. Let the culture soil go deep into the rhizosphere; Continue to add soil, shake the orchid basin and adjust the position and height of the orchid plant. Press along the edge of the basin with your hands, but don't hurt your roots too much. Continue to add soil until the soil on the surface of the basin is 2~3 cm higher than the mouth of the basin, slightly like steamed bread. Culture soil should cover the roots of all orchids up to the base of pseudobulb and the depth of the fill. Traditionally, it is considered that the orchid should be shallow and deep, but the leaf base on the pseudobulb should not be buried. When new orchids grow in Shan Ye, there are obvious signs on the plants, which can be used as standards. The size of the flowerpot should also match the size of the orchid of the plant. It shouldn't be big and plants are small and few, and it shouldn't be small and plants are big and many. Generally speaking, the number of plants is based on the principle that the flowerpot is just full in 2~3 years. The size of plants is commensurate with the height of the basin. It is not only conducive to growth, but also meets the requirements of viewing. After paving, a layer of pebbles or moss can be paved on the surface of the pot soil, preferably high-quality moss under the forest, which is beautiful and can adjust the moisture, and can also protect the leaves from muddy water pollution, and the new buds will not infect the germs in the soil and rot the heart; In addition, it can also slow down the erosion of the basin soil by rain and keep the basin soil loose. After watering and planting is completed, water should be poured for the first time, and the basin soil must be soaked thoroughly, and the water drops should be small to avoid impulsiveness. If you put it in a basin, you must not soak it for too long. Once the soil in the basin is soaked, remove the basin immediately and then put it in the shade for maintenance. With the continuous development of orchid tissue culture technology and aseptic seeding technology, the phenomenon of orchid in vitro flowering has attracted more and more attention. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of breeders, mainly because the artificial hybrid new varieties that used to need conventional cultivation for many years can now artificially promote flowering in test tubes through 1~2 culture cycles, so that individuals with good traits can be selected purposefully according to the flowering situation and relatively poor individuals can be eliminated, thus shortening the whole breeding cycle, greatly reducing the workload of cultivating a large number of non-flowering varieties and making the breeding work more targeted. Because we have long been engaged in the development and research of several conventionally cultivated orchids, the orchids mentioned below all refer to these orchids, including cymbidium, cymbidium, spring sword, lotus petals, cymbidium and cymbidium. According to the current observation results, the ways of orchid flowering in vitro can be roughly divided into three types. The first is that the axillary buds of orchid seedlings develop into flower buds, which is the same as that of orchids in conventional cultivation, except that conventional cultivation is a cluster of seedlings, and only one seedling blooms in test tubes. This situation is more common in Cymbidium hybridum, but it is rare in Chunlan Chunjian and other varieties. The second is that the terminal bud of orchid grows from Dendrobium to flower bud, which is similar to the arrow in the grass (arrow in the grass), and the flower grows from the center of orchid. This situation is found in all orchid varieties, especially Chunlan. The third is that the flower buds are directly differentiated from the top of protocorm, which is completely controlled by the hormone level in the culture medium, and the flowering is rapid and orderly, with high differentiation frequency, which is the main method to induce flowering at present. The basic characteristics of orchids in test tubes will not change, for example, vegetarian varieties will never produce colorful flowers. All fragrant varieties, flowers in test tubes are also fragrant, and the fragrance is as rich as potted orchids, which may be unexpected by many people. Due to the temperature and other environmental conditions in the test tube, the flowering period is usually only a few days, unlike potted orchids. At low temperature, the flowering period can be greatly prolonged. The proportion of abnormal flowers in test tubes of orchids is high, and some varieties can reach 10~20%. Generally speaking, these deformed flowers are usually caused by physiological reasons and external culture conditions, such as hormone levels, inorganic salts and other physical and chemical factors, rather than genetic changes, so the appearance of these deformed flowers is meaningless in genetic breeding. We followed and observed many exotic flower strains, hoping to select new fine varieties from them. As a result, most of them developed normally and blossomed, and few of them were really stable. A very useful phenomenon for orchid breeders is that in most cases, the flowers in test tubes can develop normally and have normal pollination and fruiting ability. We observed the development process of microspores under the microscope and found that the process of meiosis and the formation of pollen grains were basically normal. Especially for flowers that bloom in the form of axillary buds, the fruits produced after pollination are easy to develop normally until the seeds are mature. The seeds produced in these test tubes have certain germination ability, although the germination rate is lower than that of potted orchids, it is enough for breeders. With the continuous improvement of technical level, people's ability to control the flowering of test-tube orchids is getting stronger and stronger, which will undoubtedly have a positive and far-reaching impact on orchid hybrid breeding. Because the main appreciation point of orchids is floral art, it is difficult to judge an unknown variety from its leaves before flowering, so breeders should not only choose suitable excellent parents to cross and cultivate seedlings, but also plant these seedlings in the greenhouse, whether good or bad, and wait for several years until flowering, and select excellent individual plants from them. The workload of this process is very heavy. Even if excellent plants are obtained, unfortunately, the number of each plant is very small, usually only a few seedlings, which can not meet the market demand at all. It is necessary to take this excellent single plant as explant and carry out tissue culture from scratch. From the beginning of hybridization to the final supply of commercial seedlings to the market, this process goes through two tissue culture cycles, and the two culture cycles from bottle seedlings to flowering usually take more than ten years. With the improvement of in vitro flowering technology, we can screen out excellent strains in vitro without going through the culture process. Once selected, we can directly carry out rapid propagation without the induction process of protocorms, and the whole propagation cycle is nearly doubled. Another convenience brought by the flowering of test-tube orchids is that orchids in bottles can be hybridized, which is a brand-new application research field. In some breeding work, it is necessary to cross, backcross and self-cross repeatedly to achieve the purpose of breeding and select excellent new varieties. For example, if Suxin variety crosses plum blossom petal variety, the first generation is usually plum blossom petal but definitely not Suxin, which requires the first generation to backcross with Suxin's parents once, or the first generation to self-cross once, and then choose Suxin plum flower petal from the second generation. Using conventional methods, this process will definitely take more than ten years. Now there is a method to promote orchid flowering in vitro, which can make offspring bloom in vitro, self-pollinate or cross-pollinate in vitro and cultivate seeds. Sow these seeds directly on the culture medium without disinfection to obtain the second generation, and then induce flowering, so that the required varieties can be selected from the second generation. Compared with conventional methods, this method can save at least two culture cycles from bottle seedling to flowering. In addition, because the flowering in the test tube is not limited by seasons, it can be induced at any time, which provides great convenience for the hybridization of orchid varieties that bloom in different seasons or those that do not meet the flowering time. In other words, orchids that bloom in test tubes provide a stable source of pollen for cross breeding. According to this idea, we got rid of the limitation of flowering season and the number of provenances to a great extent (some varieties with a small number may have to wait for many years to see a flower, or there may be no suitable other parent materials to bloom at the same time), and successfully achieved the hybridization between orchid varieties that bloom in different seasons. At present, the research work on orchids is still in its infancy, and there are still many unsatisfactory places. Not every variety can induce flowering, not every variety can achieve the required flowering rate, and there is no ready-made program for all varieties to blossom. Each variety needs a lot of experiments and exploration. But these are basically technical problems. It is believed that with the progress of technology and more people of insight participating in the research and development in this field, these problems will be gradually solved.