Litchi gall mite control
Litchi gall mite is also known as the litchi gall wall louse, litchi hairy spider, the damaged leaves called felt disease. Harming litchi, longan. Adult mites, mites are harmful to shoot tips, leaves, flower spikes and young fruits, sucking sap. Infested leaves, in the back of the first yellow-green patches, spot depression, the front protruding, depression at the dense hairs, like felt, the so-called galls. The surface of the damaged leaves is twisted and uneven, and even withered and withered. After the damage to the floral apparatus deformed and expanded into clusters, will not bear fruit.
Habitat: more than 10 generations a year, to adult mites and mites in the galls between the fluff overwintering. 5-June the maximum density of the population, this period of the year the more serious damage. The damaged leaf surface protrudes, and the damaged flower spikes are expanded as inverted bells in clusters. Galls grow within half a year, the highest population density. Gall mites live in the galls between the villi, sunlight or rain invasion is more active, wriggling up and down between the villi. Eggs are laid at the base of the galls. Gall mites like shade, dense canopy, poor light environment, the lower part of the canopy and the interior, the density of insect mouth is larger, the leaves are mostly on the back of the leaf. Gall mites can spread and spread by seedlings, insects, instruments and wind. Litchi, longan seedlings more to take the aerial pressure propagation, so the seedlings are gall mites to spread the main way.
Control methods: 1. winter combined with pruning, cut off the infested branches and leaves. 2. in 2-3 months on the flower spikes and leaves at the beginning of the formation of galls, spraying Pomerol 0.2 degrees of thiosulfate, but also can be used as a mixture of 50% dichlorvos emulsion, 40% of Lekomat emulsion and water (the proportion of which is according to the ratio of 1: 1:2000), or dicofol emulsion 800 times. 3. transfer of seedlings, we should check the removal of insect leaves, to prevent the transmission of pests to the new. to prevent insect pests from spreading to new areas.
Control of Lychee Stinkbugs
The Lychee Stinkbug, belonging to Hemiptera, Stinkbug family, is a major pest of longan in our region. The bug sucks the juice from the young tips, flower spikes and young fruits by adults and caterpillars, and the infested parts become discolored and dry, resulting in blossom drop and fruit drop. The stinking liquid out of the insect when shocked touches the young leaves, flowers and fruits, can cause burns and scorching, and the fruit shell becomes scorched brown, seriously affecting the yield of longan.
The lychee bug occurs in 1 year for 1 generation, with sexually immature adults in the wind, sunny or dense leaf bushes of the leaf blade leaf back or tree holes, stone gaps in the overwintering. The following spring when the temperature reaches about 16 ℃, began to activity, like to gather in the flowers and leaves of the tree to feed, in April for the mating spawning season. Eggs are mostly laid on the back of the leaves in the lower layer of the tree crown, and on average, each female can lay eggs 5--10 times, up to 17 times. Most of the eggs are 14 each time they are laid, and they are arranged in blocks. Ching Ming after the hatching of worms, sucking young tips, flower spikes and young fruit sap, often causing blossom and fruit drop, after June, the old mature worms successively feathered into adults, adults like to eat young tips, fruit spikes.
The right time to prevent and treat the drug is the most critical in two periods. One is in the early spring overwintering adults began to activity period, that is, in mid to late March, when adults are about to spawn, the weakest resistance, and at this time, the use of drugs to kill the adults can significantly reduce the base of the population, the prevention and control of the whole year is extremely favorable. With 90% crystal trichlorfon 500 - 800 times liquid or mirex emulsion 1500 - 2000 times, or pyrethroid pesticides (such as Xingcotton Bao, fast killing enemy, mibaike, etc.) 1500 - 2000 times, prevention and control 1 - 2 times can be.
Another control period in the middle and late May, this time for the eggs have been a large number of hatching period, 1 - 2 age of the body surface of thin wax, keratin degree of low, more sensitive to drugs, with 20% permethrin 5000 times plus 40% of the oxidation of 1000 times, or 4.5% of the high Shun anticypermethrin 2500 - 3500 times can play a better prevention and control results.
The time to use the drug to no dew in the morning or evening is preferable, when the temperature is lower, the bug pseudo-death is more obvious, the activity is weak, easy to access to the drug. The condition of the orchard can be in March - May manually remove the egg mass, and extinguish the worm. Can also release flat-bellied wasp, lychee bug fungus, to parasitize the eggs of the lychee bugs, in mid- to late March before releasing the wasp first check the density of the bugs on the tree for the first time, 150 heads of bugs per plant can be released wasps, more than 150 heads or more, first sprayed with trichlorfon 1 time to depress the density of adult bugs, and then release the second batch of bees after 5 days, can reduce the damage of the old overwintering adult bugs.
Methods of control of pests and diseases of lychee fruit trees
1 Principles of control
The principle of prevention, integrated control. Promote the use of agricultural control, biological control, physical control methods, the rational use of efficient, low-toxicity, low-residue chemical pesticides, limit the use of medium toxicity pesticides, prohibit the use of highly toxic, high-residue chemical pesticides, the occurrence of harmful organisms and hazards control in the economic threshold.
2 Control methods
2.1 Agricultural control
The use of soil, fertilizer, water and other comprehensive agricultural measures to strengthen the routine management of the orchard to reduce the occurrence of pests.
2.2 Biological control
Protect the natural enemies of the orchard, choose low-toxicity chemical pesticides that are less lethal to the natural enemies, avoid the sensitive period of the natural enemies of the pesticides, and create an environment suitable for natural enemies to reproduce. It is advocated to artificially release flat-bellied wasps in the orchard to control stinkbugs, release blunt mites to control mites and thrips, and release migratory predatory ladybugs to control thrips and mealybugs.
2.3 Physical control
The use of physical devices such as black light, shock frequency insecticide lamps, color light boards and other physical devices to trap and kill Lepidoptera, Homoptera pests; the use of fruit bagging and other fruit protection measures.
2.4 Pharmaceutical control
In accordance with the provisions of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts), prohibit the use of pesticides without the approval of the relevant state departments to register and license the production of pesticides, and strictly grasp the pesticide application dose, number of times of use, the application method and the safety interval.
3 The main pests and diseases prevention and control of the main pests and diseases of Faizixiao litchi refer to Appendix A.
4 Prohibited or restricted pesticides
4.1 Prohibited pesticides: hexachlorohexanes, DDT, toxaphene, dibromochloropropane, amidocarbamidine, dibromoethane, herbicidal ether, aythraxylate, dieldrin, gonadotrophic agent, arsenic, lead, dikuron, fluorineacetamide, glyphosate, poisonous rat, sodium fluoroacetate, poisonous rat silicon.
4.2 Pesticides shall not be used or restricted Methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, methamidophos, methyl isothion, tetrabutylphos-methyl, methylthio-cyclopentathion, fenitrothion, endosulfanil, kepiweed, aldicarb, methamidophos, sulfur cyclopentathion, phorate, thiophanate, chlorothalonil, fenitrothion.