The treatment of rectal cancer is mainly based on surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgery can be divided into radical surgery and palliative surgery:

1. Radical surgery can be divided into transabdominal perineal colectomy, which is suitable for the cancer of the lower rectum that is less than 7cm away from the anal verge, and the resection includes the rectum, the sigmoid colon and its ligament, and then the abdominal stoma is made permanently. The tumor resection rate of this surgery is relatively thorough and the cure rate is relatively high, but the abdominal stoma after the surgery has certain influence on the patient's quality of life. There is also transabdominal anterior resection of rectal cancer, which is suitable for upper rectal cancer 12cm from the anal verge, resecting the sigmoid colon and part of the rectum in the abdominal cavity, and then anastomosing the cut end of the sigmoid colon and the rectum outside the peritoneum, this kind of surgery has little damage and preserves the anus, which is more desirable.

2. Palliative surgery, if the local infiltration of the cancer is serious or widely metastasized and cannot be cured, sometimes in order to relieve obstruction or reduce the pain of the patient, palliative resection is feasible, and the remnants of the cancer will be resected to a limited extent, and the distal part of the rectum will be closed, and the rectum will be stomatized, and if the cancer cannot be resected, it will also only be performed as a sigmoid stoma, especially in the patients who are accompanied with intestinal obstruction, and this method will be used as much as possible. The second is radiation therapy, which is used in the treatment of bowel obstruction. Another is radiation therapy, which has an important position in the treatment of rectal cancer. At present, it is believed that for locally differentiated middle and advanced middle and low rectal cancers, after preoperative simultaneous radiotherapy, such as surgery followed by radiotherapy, there is a better survival period.

There is also chemotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy is recommended for patients with postoperative stage II and stage III rectal cancer, and the chemotherapy time is usually about half a year.