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Uliangha Ashu (1234-1287[1]), a general in the early Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian, the grandson of Subotai, the founding hero of the Mongolian Kingdom, and the son of the capital marshal Wulianghetai. During the reign of Meng Ge Khan, his father conquered the southwestern barbarians, pacified Dali, conquered all tribes, and surrendered to Jiaozhi. In the third year of Zhongtong's reign, Li Fen was successfully conquered, and General Su Wei was promoted to Marshal of the Southern Capital. Defeat the territory accurately, surround Xiangyang, and defeat Fancheng. In the 11th year of the Yuan Dynasty, he joined Boyan and Ali Hague in conquering the Song Dynasty and served as a political official in Pingzhang of the province. In the twenty-third year, he was ordered to conquer the rebel king Xilamu in the north, and then went west to Harahuo Prefecture. He died of illness at the age of fifty-four, and was posthumously named King of Henan.

Real name

Wu Liangha·Aju

Alias

Aju (Mongolian)

Location Era

From the Great Mongol Kingdom to the Early Yuan Dynasty

Ethnic Groups

Mongolian Nationality

Birthplace

Mongolia Wulianghai

Date of birth

1234 years [1]

Time of death

1287 years [1]

Main achievements

The battle to pacify Dali and destroy the Song Dynasty

Official positions

Pingzhang political affairs, etc.

Titles

King of Henan (posthumous title)

A Shu (Aju in Mongolian). A member of the Mongolian Wulianghe tribe, his ancestor Subutai and his father Wulianghetai were both famous ministers and generals of their generation.

During the reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Yuan Dynasty, A Shu (zhu) joined the army with his father and participated in the Mongolian army's pacification of Dali. He also outflanked the Southern Song Dynasty's Thousand Miles Expedition from the west. He "led the elite troops as waiting cavalry" and served as a pioneer , repeatedly accomplished extraordinary feats①. When attacking Achicheng (today's Kunming), A'shu "leaved his troops in"; in Gandege City (today's Chengjiang), "Wuliang Hetai was ill, so he sent troops to A'shu". Ashu lived up to his expectations and led his troops to "fight on the city" and destroyed the city; he attacked Buhuaheyin and Aheayin (in today's Qujing territory). Ashu ascended first and captured the three cities; he attacked Chituge. They pulled out the mountain stronghold (in today's Zhaotong territory) and took advantage of the victory to attack the Lulu Si Kingdom (ie Luo Luosi, today's Xichang area) and the Abo Kingdom. They were all afraid and asked to surrender ("Yuan Shi·Wuliang Hetai Biography").

In the ninth year of Xianzong (1259), Wu Liang Hetai was ordered to lead his troops from the southwest into the Song Dynasty, hoping to go north to join the main force led by Kublai Khan in Changsha, Hunan. The Song army deployed tens of thousands of soldiers at Hengshanzhai and Laocangguan near Yongzhou in its territory, trying to intercept the Mongolian army's advance. A Shu, under the command of his father, Wu Lianghetai, "hidden from the path" to bypass it, "charged the core", defeated the Song army, and successfully broke through the Song army's obstruction. After this battle, Wu Liang's Hetai army made good progress. Along the way, it "cued Guizhou (now Guixian County, Guangxi), ravaged Xiangzhou, entered Jingjiang Prefecture, defeated Chen and Yuan Prefectures, and reached the city of Tanzhou (Changsha)." Soon he withdrew his troops and returned to the north with his father, still serving as the vanguard. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Ah Shu followed his father "in battles for thousands of miles" and "wasn't defeated in thirteen battles" ("History of the Yuan Dynasty: Biography of Wu Liang Hetai"). In the past ten years of military life, he has greatly tempered and improved his military strategy and commanding abilities.

After Yuan Shizu ascended the throne, A Shu entered the guard. In the second year of Zhongtong (1261), he led his army to assist Li Fen of Shandong and regained Lianshui. [2]

In the third year of Zhongtong (1262), he paid tribute to all the kings and Tie Ge made great contributions in pacifying Li Fen's rebellion. In September of the same year, General Su Wei was transferred to Marshal of Zhengnandu and stationed in Kaifeng. After taking office, A Shu resumed the construction of Suzhou in Huaibei and used it as a base to "manage the two Huaihe Rivers, capture and conquer, and make the army famous"①.

In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1267), in view of previous experiences and lessons, the Yuan court began to shift the main target of attacking the Song Dynasty to Xiangyang, a military town in the upper reaches of the Han River. The Song and Yuan Dynasties invested a large number of troops in this battle that lasted for five or six years. As the commander-in-chief of the Yuan army in the Battle of Xiangyang, A Shu presided over the entire attack on the city. August of that year.

The prefectures of Qi, Huang, Jiang, Chi, Anqing and other prefectures were also frightened by the power of the Yuan army and surrendered one after another.

In the first month of the twelfth year, the vanguard of the Yuan army approached Wuhu. The Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty, Jia Sidao, came with a large number of troops to resist the war. Before the battle, advance envoys were sent to the Yuan army camp to request peace. Shi Boyan also received an order to station them on standby, so he asked A Shu for advice. Ah Shu was deeply aware of the lessons of the Yuan army's gains and losses in the past, and worked hard to achieve no success, so he strongly advocated refusing to advance. He reminded Boyan: "If we don't attack, we may have surrendered to the prefectures and counties and it will be difficult to defend them this summer." He also said with emotion, "Today we have to march the army. If anything goes wrong, the blame will be on me."

In February, hundreds of thousands of land and water armies from the Song and Yuan Dynasties fought decisively at Dingjiazhou. In the fierce battle, Ah Shu took the lead and was the bravest of the three armies. "The warships are in the latter position, and A'shu urges the cavalry to summon them." He simply "stepped up and boarded the boat, using the helm to charge the enemy ship, and the sampans and boats were drifting side by side, sometimes separating and sometimes reuniting." At the same time, he waved a small flag and commanded the Yuan army's navy generals to "join the boat and go deep" and "break into the enemy's position", defeating the Song army.

The Battle of Dingjiazhou greatly damaged the vitality of the Southern Song Dynasty, but the Song army still had certain strength in the Jiangbei and Huaihe areas.

In particular, the Huaidong Zhizhi envoy Li Tingzhi stationed in Yangzhou was the main force that the Song Dynasty relied on to support the crisis. In April of the same year, A Shu was ordered to divide his troops and go north to besiege Yangzhou. In order to cover the flanks of the main force of the Yuan army advancing eastward, it prevented the Song armies from the Huaihe River and Huaihe River from reinforcing Lin'an.

In the same month, the Ashu army arrived in Zhenzhou (now Yizhen) and wiped out two thousand enemies in Zhujinsha (Old Stork Pass). They sent troops to Shuzha to stay at the same place to ensure the food route for the Yuan army. Furthermore, he occupied Guazhou on the river bank, forty-five miles southwest of Yangzhou, and supervised the construction of oars and war equipment to prepare for the Song navy's attack. His third move was to build a wooden fortress at the Yangzi Bridge, a traffic hub fifteen miles south of Yangzhou, which would "cut off the Huaidong grain road and secure the Guazhou vassal." In June, 20,000 Song troops came to fight for it. Yangtze Bridge was lost to A Shu and suffered heavy losses①.

In July, Song generals Zhang Shijie and Sun Huchen dispatched a large number of warships to occupy Jiaoshan, directly threatening Zhenjiang and Guazhou occupied by the Yuan army. The Song Dynasty's boat master "connected boats to each other and covered the river with flags." Every ten boats formed a boat and were connected with iron locks to show that they would fight to the death. Seeing the strength of the Song army, A Shu decided to cooperate with Atahai and other coalition forces in Zhenjiang Hangyuan to attack the Song army with fire and defeat the enemy together. Before the battle, Ashu and Atahai climbed to Shigong Mountain on the south bank of the Yangtze River. First, Liu Chen, a naval officer with ten thousand households, was ordered to lead an army along the south bank of the river and bypass the enemy's rear. Then, Liu Guojie, Hu Zhuchu, and Dong Wenbing were used to divide the left, middle and right groups. They advanced hand in hand to attack the enemy's position, and followed up with Zhang Hongfan as the follow-up force. At the beginning of the battle, the Yuan army selected a thousand men who were strong and good at shooting. They used the wind to shoot the sails and masts of the enemy ships with rockets from two wings. In an instant, "smoke and flames rose into the sky." Because the boats and ships were locked together, the Song navy was unable to fight or leave, and was completely passive. The Yuan army took advantage of the victory and pursued it to Tuanshan, capturing hundreds of enemy ships. However, "the Song people were no longer able to fight." A Shu's performance effectively coordinated the frontal offensive of the main force. It is said in history that "the reason why Boyan defeated the Song Dynasty without a bloody battle was because A Shu had more control."

In February of the thirteenth year, the Huaixi Song general Xia Guiju surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty. Only Li Tingzhi, Jiang Cai and others who stood firm in Yang and Tai refused to surrender. In order to prevent Li and Jiang from "traveling eastward to Tongtai and fleeing for their lives across the rivers and seas", A Shu deployed more forces and further tightened the division and encirclement of Yangzhou and other places. He set up barriers in Dingcun, northwest of Yangzhou, to block the Gaoyou and Baoying grain roads. They also stationed elite troops in Wantou and Xincheng between Yangzhou and Taizhou to block the Song army's eastward path. In May, the Yuan army attacked Xincheng first, and the Song army in Yangzhou attacked Bayhead Fort. After a fierce battle for a whole day, they were still forced back. In June, the Song army in Yangzhou once again sent out to attack Dingcunzha and connected with Gaoyou Mi Road, but was stopped by elite soldiers under A Shu. In July, the Song generals who defended the cities of Yangzhou and Taizhou surrendered. Li Tingzhi and Jiang Cai were executed. Yuan The army occupied the entire Lianghuai River.

After the destruction of the Song Dynasty, A Shu, like other generals, was transferred to the north to suppress the rebellious kings.

In the twenty-third year, A Shu was ordered to attack the rebel king Xilamu and others, and returned in triumph. The following year, he was ordered to march westward and died of illness in Harahuozhou (now Turpan, Xinjiang). Posthumously granted the title of King of Henan. [3]

Throughout his life, A Shu "conquered the south and north for forty years, fought hundreds and fifty battles, big and small, and was never defeated." He was a rare general.

"History of the Yuan Dynasty·Volume 128·Biography Fifteenth"[3]