Olive is suitable for planting in areas where the annual average temperature is about 20℃, the absolute lowest temperature is not lower than 0℃, and the altitude is below 300 meters. Olive is not strict with soil and water, and it can be planted on sloping land and low-lying land with red and yellow soil. It is better to plant sandy soil with deep soil layer and fertile soil.
The survival rate of grafted seedlings of black olive is low. Generally, bagged seedlings with just 2 ~ 3 true leaves are used for planting, and the row spacing between plants is 4m× 5m. Generally, dry rice straw 15 kg, lime 1 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 3-5 kg and livestock manure 20 kg are put into each hole of the base fertilizer. Dry straw, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and lime are put on the bottom layer, livestock manure is put on the middle layer, and topsoil is put on the top layer. When planting, make the root neck flat to the ground, and after planting, adjust the tree tray and cover with weeds.
2, grafting plastic surgery:
Grafting of black olive seedlings began in the second year after planting, and grafting should be carried out around the "vernal equinox" (in the middle and late March), that is, when the spring shoots have not sprouted but the branches are full and the bud eyes are full. Before grafting 1 month, the rootstock seedlings are no longer fertilized to improve the grafting survival rate. Choose branches with full buds and no diseases and insect pests as scions. Cut off the leaves immediately after the scion is picked. Grafting is carried out at the place where the rootstock is 30 cm away from the ground, and each plant is grafted with1~ 2 scions. After surviving, the trunk is cut at the place 10 cm above the interface.
After grafting, it is necessary to regularly check the budding condition of black olive, erase the bud tips on the rootstock, reduce nutrient consumption, ensure the growth of buds and improve the survival rate. After budding, apply thin fertilizer to promote the growth of shoots, remove the film wrapping in time and protect the shoots from wind and crack.
In the second year after grafting, the trunk should be set to promote branching, and the height of the trunk is generally 40 ~ 50 cm. There are 3 ~ 4 main branches in the first layer, and the base angle of the main branches is 60 ~ 70 degrees. Adjacent branches are evenly distributed, and the distribution parts of each layer should be staggered with the main branches of adjacent layers in the future. Generally, the distance between layers is 50 ~ 60 cm, leaving 4 ~ 5 layers. After dwarfing, the height of the tree should be controlled at about 4 meters.
The pruning of young trees adopts the combination of short cutting and thinning branches and topping to control the top, short cutting and long branches, thinning the inner cavity branches and overlapping branches, and topping and controlling the top of the crown to open a skylight to control the height of the tree. After three years of shaping and pruning, a dwarf, high-yield and compact natural round-headed crown can be formed.