Efficacy and Function of Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum Alias: Little Tanghuang, Button Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum morifolium has always been a specialty of Tongxiang, Zhejiang, not Hangzhou, but why is it called Chrysanthemum morifolium?
Tongxiang is known as the "hometown of chrysanthemums". The chrysanthemum produced by it accounts for 910 of the total drinking chrysanthemum in China, and its products sell well in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Southeast Asia, with a far-reaching reputation.
Brewing method
1, take about 3-4 chrysanthemums and put them in a glass of about 400ml;
2. Add boiling water (100℃) and cook for about 7 or 8 minutes, cover and soak for 3 to 5 minutes, then drink while it is hot;
3. Drink the remaining 1/3 tea soup, and then add boiling water for brewing, so that the concentration of tea soup before and after is more uniform;
4, you can add sugar or honey, or you can mix it with any kind of tea you like, such as French roses, medlar and so on.
Action efficacy
Content and efficacy
Chrysanthemum morifolium is a compositae plant, and its flowers contain 0. 13% of volatile oil, stevioside, adenine, choline, stachydrine, trace vitamin A substances, vitamin B, amino acids and sophoridine.
Chinese and western medicine research shows that chrysanthemum has the following functions:
1. has a sedative effect on the central nervous system;
2. It has antipyretic effect;
3. Enhance capillary resistance and dilate coronary artery;
4. It has antibacterial effect. Chrysanthemum decoction and water immersion have inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus, Typhoid Bacillus, Paratyphoid Bacillus, Vibrio cholerae, Streptococcus hemolyticus B, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influenza virus (PR3 strain).
Element content of chrysanthemum: Chrysanthemum contains zinc, sodium, iron and other elements, especially iron. Iron is an important component in cells. More than half of the enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle contain iron, or need iron as a cofactor. Iron is closely related to human immune defense function and can coordinate the metabolism of zinc, calcium and magnesium in the body. Chrysanthemum morifolium contains more nickel, zinc and iron, and the content of sodium and calcium is higher than that of chrysanthemum morifolium. The biggest difference is that the lead content of Chrysanthemum morifolium is six times that of Chrysanthemum morifolium, which is related to the ecological environment in which they grow, and it also sounds the harm of environmental lead pollution to us. Chrysanthemum has low lead content and high mineral content, which has high medicinal and bond-keeping value.
? The function of chrysanthemum:
First of all, the positive inotropic effect of chrysanthemum.
1. The positive inotropic effect of total chrysanthemum extract.
Langendorff was perfused into the heart of rats, and the left ventricular contraction curve was recorded by MedLah biological signal acquisition and processing system, and the mechanical indexes of cardiac contraction were calculated, including left ventricular development pressure (LVDP), the product of left ventricular development pressure and heart rate (LDP×HR) and the maximum increase (decrease) rate of ventricular internal pressure (DP/DT max). The results showed that different concentrations of chrysanthemum morifolium extract could increase LVP of perfused heart in a dose-dependent manner. Middle and high concentrations of Chrysanthemum morifolium can slow down the heart rate (P < 0.05).
2. The difference of positive inotropic effect of different solvent extracts of Chrysanthemum morifolium.
Extracting the total extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium with different solvents can still significantly increase the LVDP, dP/dtmax and HR×LVDP of isolated rat hearts, but the effect intensity is significantly different. The sequence of action of the extract on myocardial contractility is consistent with that on coronary blood flow.
3. Effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium on contractility of isolated ventricular myocytes
The ventricular myocytes were hydrolyzed by enzyme, and the effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium extract on single ventricular myocytes was observed. The contraction amplitude (dL), maximum contraction velocity (+dL/dtmax), maximum relaxation velocity (-dL/dtmax) and length (LO) of wooden myocytes in diastolic period were recorded and analyzed by MedEase video tracking computer image analysis system. The fraction with the strongest effect among the total extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium and different solvent extracts of Chrysanthemum morifolium can increase the contraction index (dL/DT Max and dL) of single myocardial cell in a concentration-dependent manner.
Therefore, whether from isolated heart or single myocardial cell, Chrysanthemum morifolium shows its positive inotropic effect. The research on whether chrysanthemum has positive inotropic effect on the whole animal heart is under way.
Second, the anti-myocardial ischemia effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium
1. Effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium on coronary flow.
Langendorff perfusion was performed on rat hearts, and different concentrations (high, medium and low concentrations) of chrysanthemum total extract were added to the perfusion solution. The results showed that the total extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium increased the CF of rat heart in a concentration-dependent manner, and the effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection with a concentration three times higher than that of Chrysanthemum morifolium was still lower than that of Chrysanthemum morifolium with a high concentration.
Different solvent extracts of Chrysanthemum morifolium can still increase cardiac CF in rats, but the increase range is quite different. The extract with the strongest action intensity is equivalent to the total extract with the same concentration, but its volume is much smaller than that of the total extract. The anti-myocardial ischemia experiment was carried out by selecting the total anti-chrysanthemum extract and the extract with the strongest effect in different solvents. It is found that both of them can significantly promote the decrease of CF during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
2. Effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium on CF and myocardial contractility during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 minutes and then reperfusion for 30 minutes, resulting in ischemia-reperfusion injury. CF, LVDP, LVDP×HR and DP/DTMax were recorded during the experiment. The results showed that a certain dose of total extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium could significantly increase the left ventricular end-diastolic volume, the end-diastolic volume/the maximum end-diastolic volume, the left ventricular end-diastolic volume × heart rate and blood flow after ischemia/reperfusion. The total extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium can also significantly resist the decrease of superoxide dismutase activity and the increase of malondialdehyde content in myocardial tissue caused by ischemia-reperfusion
The Langendorff rat heart perfusion experiment was carried out on the part of leather extracts with different solvents that had the greatest influence on myocardial contractility and CF, and the perfusion was stopped for 30min. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was caused by reperfusion for 30min, and the results also proved that this part could significantly resist the decrease of CF and myocardial contractility indexes LVDP, dP/dtmax and LVDP×HR after ischemia-reperfusion, which indicated that this part still had significant anti-myocardial ischemia effect.
3. The effect of chrysanthemum extract on the decrease of myocardial contractility caused by hypoxia.
The effect of chrysanthemum extract on hypoxia/reoxygenation of single ventricular myocytes was observed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that the dL/DT Max and dL 5min hypoxia/reoxygenation group decreased significantly after 5 minutes of hypoxia (P
4. Inhibitory effect of chrysanthemum extract on intracellular calcium reduction caused by hypoxia.
In isolated ventricular myocytes, it was observed that the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) caused by electrical stimulation decreased by 22.9 1, 32.68% and 32.87% respectively after hypoxia1,3 and 5 minutes compared with the control group. When the reoxygenation time was 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes, the amplitude of [Ca2+]i was 76.04% and 84.46% of that of the control group, respectively. 86.4 1% and 85.25%, compared with the simple hypoxia/reoxygenation group, the hypoxia solution containing a certain concentration of Chrysanthemum morifolium reduced the amplitude of [Ca2+]i induced by electrical stimulation by 4.6%, 5.7% and 8.4% respectively after hypoxia 1, 3 and 5 minutes, while [Ca2+] decreased.
Thirdly, the anti-arrhythmia effect of chrysanthemum was studied.
1. Effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium on arrhythmia induced by aconitine in rats
Arrhythmia was induced by intraperitoneal injection (ip) of high and low doses of Chrysanthemum morifolium extract, 4.0 ml/kg of normal saline injection (6.0 g/kg) and 30μg/kg of aconitine in rats. The results showed that the high and low doses of Chrysanthemum morifolium and Salvia miltiorrhiza positive control group could reduce the frequency and duration of ventricular tachycardia, significantly delay the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, and significantly reduce the arrhythmia score. The dosage of Chrysanthemum morifolium was less than that of Salvia miltiorrhiza positive control group, but the improvement effect on the above indexes was greater than that of Salvia miltiorrhiza group.
2. The effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium on chloroform-induced arrhythmia in mice.
Mice were given a certain dose of Chrysanthemum morifolium, quinidine (30mg/kg) and normal saline respectively, and then arrhythmia was induced by chloroform. The results showed that the incidence of VF in chrysanthemum morifolium and quinidine group was significantly lower than that in normal saline group, but the conversion rate was significantly higher than that in normal saline group. In this experiment, the effect of chrysanthemum is greater than that of quinidine.
From the above results, chrysanthemum has many effects on the heart. In the current study, we also found that chrysanthemum has obvious vasodilation effect, which is endothelium-independent, and the specific mechanism is being studied. Therefore, Hangzhou white grape is a variety with great potential and good prospects. Liver vasoactive drugs.