Medicinal base: the whole plant with flowers of the large-bracted snow lotus of the Asteraceae family.

Latin Botanical and Animal Mineral Name: Saussurea inuolucrata Kar. Et Kir.

Harvesting and Storage: Harvested in June-July when in bloom, remove sediment and dry. Form: Snowdrops perennial herb, 15-35cm tall, with stout roots, the base covered with numerous fibrous brown residual leaf bases. Stem stout, robust, 2-3cm in diameter, glabrous. Leaves tufted, crowded, sessile; leaf blade mostly oblanceolate, oblong or ovate-oblong, up to 14cm long, 2-3.5cm wide, apex obtuse or slightly pointed, base decurrent, margin acutely toothed, cuspidate-toothed at margins, both surfaces glabrous, with capitate-glandular hairs between the teeth; uppermost with 13-17 membranous bracts in two rows, 5-7cm wide, acuminate at apex, cuspidate-toothed at margins, often exceeding inflorescence by a factor of 2. Heads, terminal, 10-20 crowded into globules at stem tip, sessile; involucre hemispherical, involucral bracts 3-4-layered, lanceolate, apex pointed, margins or all black, whitish with sparse long hairs; corolla purple, ca. 14 mm; flowers all tubular, brownish-purple. Achenes, oblong, ca. 5 mm, ribbed, with 2 layers of corolla hairs, outer layer short, inner layer long, corolla hairs dirty white, outer layer hispid, inner layer feathery. The outer layer is hispid, the inner layer feathery. Habitat distribution

Ecological environment: Born in the rock crevices, gravel and sandy riverbanks of high mountains above 3000m.

Resource distribution: distributed in Gansu, Qinghai and other places, as well as the high mountainous areas of Tianshan and Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang. Traits

Trait Identification The herbs are mostly broken. Root brown, lignified, the outer corky skin is often striped peeling, fracture surface rough, internal yellow-white. Slightly bitter, slightly aromatic. The rootstock is thick and short, with numerous leaf-based fibers remaining at the neck. Stem stout, longitudinally ribbed, hollow. Leaves are mostly deciduous, with remnants, densely arranged; complete leaves are long ovate or lanceolate when flattened, with serrated and ciliate margins, yellowish green, subleathery. Bracts long ovate or ovate, yellowish white, membranous. Heads 10-30 densely globose, peduncle very short; involucre hemispherical; involucral bracts 3-4-lined, lanceolate, outer layer mostly brown, outer surface numerous pilose, inner layer brownish yellow or yellowish white, apex pilose; all tubular flowers, corolla purplish red, anthers purple, gynoecium stigma 2-lobed, slightly longer than stamens. Achenes long ovoid, longitudinally ribbed, grayish white. Taste slightly bitter, with special aroma.

Microscopic identification: bracts leaf transverse section: upper epidermal cells elliptic or oblong, neatly arranged, outer wall slightly thick, lower epidermal wall is also slightly thickened, and can be seen in the glandular hairs and non-glandular hairs of the residue, the leaf flesh cells 2-6 columns, the cell shape is irregular, the main veins are obviously downward convex, the upper surface is slightly concave, the vascular bundles of bilobed type, 3-5.

Powder Characteristics: Yellowish green.

①. Stomata are indeterminate, long axis about 42μm, short axis about 32μm. ②. Non-glandular hairs are multicellular, with short basal cells. The head of the glandular hairs is multicellular. The head of the glandular hairs is multicellular.

4. The pollen grains are orbicular, about 45 μm in diameter, with spinelike projections on the outer wall and three germination pores. ⑤. Stigma and style fragments with tomentose or spinelike projections.

6. The conduit is annular and reticulate, 15-40 μm in diameter. vii. Fibers in bundles, thin-walled, large cell lumen.

⑧. The crown hairs have many fragments, similar in shape to non-glandular hairs. Chemical composition

1. The whole herb contains pharmacologically active polysaccharides, average molecular weight 16000, by glucose (glucose), arabinose (arabinose), rhamnose (rhamnose) and galactose (galactose) according to the molar ratio of 1:2.l: l.3: 3.9 composed. It also contains sesquiterpene lactones: guaiacolide, guaiacolide-β-glucoside, xuelian-lactone, involucratolactone, involucratolactone, involucratolactone-8-β-D-glucoside. glucoside), dehydrocostuslactone, dihydrodehy-drocostuslactone, 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrodrocostuslactone, 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodrocostuslactone, 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodrocostuslactone, 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodrocostuslactone, 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodrocostuslactone, 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrodrocostuslactone. Xylolactone (8α-hydroxy-llβH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone),3α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone-8-O-β-D-glucoside (3α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13- dihydrodehydrocostuslactone-8-O-β-D-glucoside),3α,8α-dihydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone (3α,8α-dihydroxy-llβH-11,13-ihydrodehydrocostuslactone ), llβH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone-8-O-β-D-glucoside, 8α-propionyloxy-dehydrocostuslactone, 8α-propionyloxy-dehydrocostuslactone, 8α-propionyloxy-dehydrocostuslactone, 8α-propionyloxy-dehydrocostuslactone, 8α-propionyloxydehydrocostuslactone, 8α-propionyloxydehydrocostuslactone, 8α-propionyloxydehydrocostuslactone, 8α-propionyloxydehydrocostuslactone, 8α-propionyloxydehydrocostuslactone. dehydrocostuslactone), cynaropicrin, 11α,13-dihydrocynaropicrin, 1lα,13-dihydrodesacylcynaropicrin-(4-hydroxycrotonate) [1lα,13-dihydrodesacylcynaropicrin]. dihydrodesacylcynaropi-crin(4-hydroxytiglate)],gamma-cyhalothrin (janerin),19-deoxygamma-cyhalothrin (19-deoxyjanerin),desacylgamma-cyhalothrin (desacyljanerin),gamma-cyhalothrin-(4-hydroxy janerin-(4-hydroxytiglate)], 11alpha,13-dihydrojanerin, 11alpha,13-dihydrodesacyljanerin-(4-hydroxytiglate), 11alpha,13-dihydrode-acyljanerin-(4-hydroxycrotonate), 11alpha,13-dihydrode-acyljanerin-(4-hydroxycrotonate), 11alpha,13-dihydrode-acyljanerin-(4-hydroxycrotonate), 11alpha,13-dehydrode-acyljanerin-(4-hydroxycrotonate). sacylianerin-(4-hydroxytiglate),11α,13-dihydrodesacylcynaropi crin.

2. It also contains flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, quercetin, 4′,5,7-hydroxy-3′,6-dimethoxyflavone, jaceosidin, hispidulin, and rutin. rutin, rutin.

3. It also contains sesquiterpene lactone alkaloids: involucratine, as well as burdock glucoside (arctigenin), de rosmarinus officinalis (matairecinol), trachelogenin, costie acid, butyroside (syringin), butyl-β-beta-carbinol, butyl-β-carbinol, butyl-β-carbinol, butyl-β-beta-carbinol, butyl-β-beta-carbinol, and butyl-β-carbinol, and butyl-β-carbinol, and butyl-β-carbinol. Butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside) and so on.

4. Also contains volatile oils, including: 1-pentadecene (1-pentadecene), 4,4,7α-methyl-5,6,7,7α-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2-one (4,4,7α-trimethyl-5,6,7,7α-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2-one), ethyl laurate (ethyl laurate). ethyl laurate), n-hexadecane (n-hexadecane), 2,6-di(tert-butyl)benzoquinone [2,6-di(tert-butyl)benzoquinone], heptadeca-triene, ethyl tridecanoate, 1,6-dimethyl-4-isopropylbenzofuran-2-one, 1,6-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2-one, 5,6,7,7α-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2-one), ethyl laurate, n-hexadecane, ethyl lauric acid (n-hexadecanoate), 1,6-dimethyl-4-isopropylbenzofuran-2-one, 1,6-dimethyl-4-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2-one), 1,6-dimethyl-4-isopropylbenzofuran-2-one -1,6-dimethyl-4-isopropylnaphthalene, 1-heptadecene, n-heptadecane, ethylmyris-tate, n-octadecane. octadecane), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, ethylpentadecanoate, l-heptadecene, n-heptadecane. nonadecane, methyl palmitate, dihydrode-hydrocostunolide, dibutyl phthalate, ethyl palmitate, n-ecosane, and so on. eicosane and other ingredients. Pharmacological effects

1. Anti-cancer effects: Using in vitro culture [3H]TdR doping method, culture 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours, observed that Tianshan snow lotus flavonoids 4′,5,7-trihydroxy 3′,6-dimethoxyflavonoids and coarse hair ragweedin can significantly inhibit ascites-type hepatocellular carcinoma and sarcoma S180 cancer cells of DNA synthesis. The ID50s of both of them on DNA synthesis in ascites-type hepatocellular carcinoma cells were 70.8 μg/ml and 116 μg/ml, which were higher than that on sarcoma S180.The inhibitory mechanism of DNA synthesis by 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3′,6-dimethoxyflavone on carcinoma cells could be of DNA template-damaging type. The ID50 of Tianshan snowdrop alkaloids on DNA synthesis in L7712 cancer cells was 5l.7g/ml. 80g/ml of total alkaloids showed significant inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein. the inhibition rates of 24-hour effects were all above 80%. The mode of inhibition of RNA synthesis may be of template damage type.

2.Effect on cardiovascular system: 2.1.The total alkaloids of snow lotus and ethanol of snow lotus can reduce the permeability of skin blood vessels in rabbits, and the effect is strong.

2.3. The total alkaloids and total flavonoids can reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized rabbits and anesthetized dogs.

2.4.The total alkaloids of snow lotus have inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit heart, which can make its contraction amplitude become small, slow down the heart rate, and even stop beating.

2.5. The electrocardiogram of rabbits was characterized by slowing down of heart rate and convexity of T wave, which lasted for 10 minutes.

3. The effect on smooth muscle: the total alkaloid of snow lotus has significant antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle spasm induced by histamine, trichothecenes and acetylcholine in isolated rabbits; the total alkaloid of snow lotus can partially counteract the contraction of isolated tracheal ring induced by histamine.

4. Anti-inflammatory effect: 5% snow lotus total alkali 2ml/kg and snow lotus ethanol extract 10g (raw) / kg intraperitoneal injection of egg white liquid-induced acute inflammation of the rat hind ankle joint have significant anti-inflammatory effect, but the total alkali effect is the strongest, and the strength of its effect is similar to that of sodium salicylate. In addition, the total base had the effect of decreasing the vascular permeability of rabbits.

5. Anti-free radicals and anti-fatigue effects: polysaccharide was extracted for the first time from Tien Shan snow lotus, and the half-scavenging concentration of the polysaccharide for scavenging free radicals of superoxide anion was 22.O μg/ml, and the 95% confidence limit was 19.9-24.l μg/ml. polysaccharide could significantly inhibit the production of thiobarbituric acid reactants in mouse liver homogenate, and the IC50 was 2.3 mg/g fresh liver weight. The IC50 of polysaccharide was 2.3 mg/g fresh liver weight, and the 95% confidence limit was 2.05-2.55 mg/g fresh liver weight. Intraperitoneal injection of 25mg/kg for 5 days can reduce the oxygen consumption of mice by 34.4%, and intraperitoneal injection of the same dose for 6 days can prolong the swimming time of mice by 1.69 times. Taste and odor: bitter; pungent; hot; poisonous. Functions: Warming the kidney and helping the yang; dispelling wind and winning dampness; invigorating blood circulation and promoting menstruation. Main impotence; lumbar and knee weakness; rheumatism paralysis; women's menstrual disorders; amenorrhea; uterine cold abdominal pain; cold drinking cough Usage Internal use: decoction, 0.6-1.5g; or steeped in wine. Attention

Not to be taken by pregnant women. Overdose can lead to poisoning.

1.Xinjiang Chinese Herbal Medicine: pregnant women should not take. 2.National Compendium of Chinese Herbal Medicine: pregnant women should not take. This product is poisonous, after an overdose can appear sweating.3. Shandong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1986, (5): 24: patients with cardiac arrhythmia, blood pressure drop, numbness of the lips and tongue limbs, nausea and vomiting, intestinal whining hypertonicity, etc. suggest that the snowdrops on the nerves. Cardiovascular toxic effects. Appendix snow lotus more varieties, are born in the snow in the mountains, inflorescences such as lotus and named. This species is mainly distributed in Xinjiang Tianshan Mountain and other high mountainous areas, so it is called Tianshan snow lotus, Xinjiang snow lotus. The discussion of 1. "Remembering the old travel poetry": snow lotus, a thousand years of immutable snow depths, shaped like a lotus flower, can be about ten feet high. Take to brew wine, doubling the color of spring. Cover the yin pole and the meaning of Yang Sheng ear. Also produced in Barkun and other places. 2. "Northwest domain records": snow lotus produced in the snow, a stem and ti, soak wine color blue. Sexual heat, people say that its work with the immortal lemongrass, wolfberry, but do not know the disaster is the same as arsenic, hemlock hair also. 3. "Luan Yang Pin Xia Records": Snow Lotus outside the Seychelles, born in the snow in the mountains, like today's chrysanthemums, the name to Lotus ear. Its birth must be double, the difference between the male large, female small, but not together, but also different roots, must be one or two feet apart, see one of them, and then look for one of them, without fail. 4. "Compendium Gleanings": snow lotus, produced in the northwest of Ili and Jinchuan and other places in the great cold places, the snow does not dissipate in spring and summer, the snow in the grass, such as the lotus, the only stem, Tingting between the snow is lovely. Wuxu spring, I saw in the Shi Taishou personally, slightly finer than the lotus, its petals thin and narrow, can be three or four inches, never like a pen head. Cloud immersed in wine is slightly reddish in color, and the natives there serve it as an important drug to help Yang.