Gourd, pumpkin, jade melon, pumpkin, zucchini

Sexual taste

Sweet and cold bamboo shoots and melons (Figure 2)

Cucurbitamaxima moschata is also known as Indian pumpkin, jade melon and north melon. Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbitaceae. Annual vine herb, cultivated for young melons or seeds, can climb vines. Young melons are suitable for frying, stuffing or feed, and dry seeds can be fried. Bamboo shoots and melons have developed roots and grow rapidly. The stem is nearly round. Leaves are soft and hairy, round or heart-shaped, with very shallow or no cleft and no white spots. Corolla lobes are soft, drooping outward, sepals are long and narrow, and buds are open and the apex is cut. The pedicel is short, cylindrical, and the base does not expand. Leaves are round or heart-shaped. The fruit is oblong, yellow and white, and can be used as a vegetable. The surface of the fruit is smooth, and the mature fruit has no aroma and less sugar content. The color of the seed coat edge is the same as that of the middle part, the hilum is skewed, and the seed is larger. Sunsquash is a kind of immature zucchini, which is picked before it can grow into a giant vegetable that British people like. It can be bought all summer, without peeling. It can be eaten raw, steamed or roasted, sliced and fried in batter, or added to soup, stewed vegetables and Rata tuya. Like zucchini, bamboo shoots and melons can also be eaten with batter and fried.

Edit the origin of species in this paragraph

Sunsquash (Figure 3)

Sunsquash originated in Bolivia, Chile and Argentina in South America, and has been planted all over the world. Sunsquash in China may be introduced from India.

Edit the variety classification of this paragraph.

White skin bamboo shoots and melons

The varieties of bamboo shoots are divided into white skin, yellow skin and flower skin according to skin color, and into large bamboo shoots and small bamboo shoots according to size. The varieties commonly used in the Yangtze River valley are white-skinned bamboo shoots, white-skinned bamboo shoots and yellow-skinned bamboo shoots in Nanjing, white-skinned bamboo shoots, yellow-skinned bamboo shoots and six-skinned bamboo shoots in Anhui, and northern melons in Huai 'an. In addition, there is also a kind of red pumpkin, which has a protruding navel and a hard skin, and is resistant to storage. It is put on the table for ornamental purposes, and it also belongs to bamboo shoots.

Edit the morphological characteristics of this paragraph

Sunsquash (Figure 4)

Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae is an annual creeping herb. The stems have translucent rough hairs. Tendrils bifurcate. Leaves papery, triangular or ovoid. Flowers monoecious, solitary, yellow. The shape of fruit varies with varieties, and the seeds are white. Bamboo shoots and melons have developed roots and grow rapidly. The stem is nearly round. Leaves are soft and hairy, round or heart-shaped, with very shallow or no cleft and no white spots. Corolla lobes are soft, drooping outward, sepals are long and narrow, and buds are open and the apex is cut. The pedicel is short, cylindrical, and the base does not expand. The surface of the fruit is smooth, and the mature fruit has no aroma and less sugar content. The color of the seed coat edge is the same as that of the middle part, the hilum is skewed, and the seed is larger.

Edit the habitat distribution in this section

Domestic distribution: it is widely cultivated in the south and north of China. Distribution abroad: India.

Edit the function purpose of this paragraph

The fruit is used as a vegetable. This species is a variety of zucchini and can also be used as an ornamental.

Edit the function of traditional Chinese medicine in this paragraph

Tonifying the middle energizer and benefiting qi, used for spleen and stomach weakness syndrome; Conditioning the stomach, used for poor appetite caused by heat in the stomach.

Edit this nutritional analysis

Sunsquash (Figure 5)

The nutrients in each100g of pumpkin are as follows: edible part 9 1? , moisture (grams) 96. 1, energy (kilocalories) 12, energy (kilojoules) 50, protein (grams) 0.5, carbohydrate (grams) 3. 1, dietary fiber (grams) 0.7, ash (ash). Riboflavin (mg) 0.02, vitamin C (mg) 5, vitamin E(T) (mg) 0.29, a-E0.04, (β-γ)-E0. 17, δ-E0.08, calcium (mg) 14.

Edit this pickling technique.

Sliced bamboo shoots

Pickled bamboo shoots In order to increase the variety of pickled bamboo shoots, the pickling methods of pickled bamboo shoots, sweet and sour bamboo shoots, pickled bamboo shoots, fish oil bamboo shoots and pickled bamboo shoots were introduced. Soaked bamboo shoots are made by slicing bamboo shoots, soaking them in alum water, removing alum with clear water, soaking them in salt water and soaking them. The products are yellow, fragrant, crisp, spicy and slightly sweet. Sweet and sour bamboo shoots are made by slicing bamboo shoots, salting them, drying them in the sun and pickling them in sweet and sour water. The products are slightly salty, sweet and sour, and crisp. Sauced bamboo shoots are made by slicing bamboo shoots, pickling, cutting, marinating and pickling. The products are red in color, sauce-flavored, crisp and tender, and fresh and sweet. Fish oil bamboo shoots are made by slicing bamboo shoots, pickling, marinating and pickling fish oil. The products are fresh, fragrant and tender. Sauce-flavored bamboo shoots are made by slicing bamboo shoots and pickling them, and then dipping them in soy sauce. The product is light red or golden yellow in color and fresh and tender in meat.

Edit this storage method

(1) The tender melons can be harvested at the initial stage when1.5-2.5 kg is required; Melons can be harvested in the later stage. (2) Storage characteristics and storage and transportation methods include ground storage and shelf storage. Stacking is to lay a layer of hay, straw mats or clean river sand on the ground, and then pile up the pumpkins one by one according to their growth. You can also put the melons in the laundry list and then fold the laundry list, which takes up less space. Properly ventilate to avoid water droplets attached to the surface of melon due to temperature changes in the morning and evening. It is usually packed in baskets, but it is also packed in cartons. After the small golden melon is wrapped in paper, put it into a carton between the head and the tail. Be careful not to let the hard melon handle stab the melon. Generally, it is stored and transported at room temperature, and the preservation period is two or three months. If stored and transported at low temperature, it can be kept fresh for 5-6 months at10-15℃. Note that temperatures below 5℃ will suffer from cold damage.

Edit the cultivation techniques in this section.

Sowing and seedling raising

Sowing can be carried out from February to May, and early cultivation should be carried out from late February to early March. Soak the seeds at room temperature for 7-8 hours, and accelerate germination at 28-32 degrees Celsius. It can be broadcast live in Daejeon from mid-March.

Planting density

Tillage the soil before planting, and apply more decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. If the organic fertilizer is insufficient, apply 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu. The planting density should be determined according to the cultivation purpose and management requirements. If the purpose is to get on the market early, the vines should be hung in the greenhouse or planted by scaffolding, and about 2,000 plants should be planted per mu. All lateral vines need to be removed, and only the main vines should be left to bear melons. If part of the pruning is carried out, it will be cultivated by hanging vines or scaffolding, with an acre of planting 1000 plants; If it is crawling cultivation and extensive management, 400-500 plants will be planted per mu. Sunsquash (Figure 6)

Sunsquash (Figure 7)

Fertilizer and water management

After planting, raise seedling fertilizer and water for 2-3 times in time, and properly control the supply of fertilizer and water before setting fruit, so as not to grow excessively, especially in greenhouse, because of high temperature and humidity, the plants grow fast and the nodes grow, which is actually futile. It is necessary to spray paclobutrazol with the content of 15%10-15g mixed with water15kg for 2-3 times (once every 5 days or so), and the spraying effect of paclobutrazol is good, on the one hand, it can control the overgrowth, and on the other hand, it can improve the female flower rate, but we must pay attention to paclobutrazol. If there are many female flowers and few male flowers in the early stage, artificial pollination or 2, 4-D coating will be adopted. After planting melons, the supply of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, and the "compound gold leaf fertilizer" 1 time should be sprayed after topdressing every 10 days, so that melons will be planted continuously, and artificial pollination is needed for greenhouse cultivation.

Prune and cross

For the high-density cultivation of scaffolding or hanging vines, it is mainly to grab the market early, improve the early yield and sell at a good price. All the lateral vines must be removed in time, leaving only the main vines. In general management, the lateral vines at the base of the main vine are removed in time, and 3-5 lateral vines are left in the main vine. Extensive management can be done without pruning. Whether it is fine management or extensive management, the 1-2 melons (female flowers) at the base of the main vine are easy to age, so they should be removed in time, otherwise it will affect the subsequent melons.

Picking tender melon

Bamboo shoots and melons should be eaten with tender melons, and the best consumption is 200-300g, which is crisp and refreshing like winter bamboo shoots. When the melons are big and old, their quality is obviously degraded. Therefore, the tender melons should be harvested in time to maintain good quality.

Epidemic disease prevention and control

Sunsquash (Figure 8)

Bamboo shoots have strong resistance and few diseases and insect pests, but powdery mildew, virus disease, Bemisia tabaci and aphids should also be controlled. 75% chlorothalonil, 20% virus A, 10% chlorpyrifos and 10% imidacloprid can be used for control respectively. Phytophthora blight is a very important disease in melon production, which occurs in vegetable areas all over China. The losses caused by epidemic years are as light as 15-30%, and as serious as 40-50%, even destroying the seeds. The resistance of different melon species or varieties of the same species to Phytophthora blight is very different. Generally, cucumber, Cucurbita pepo and wax gourd are more susceptible, followed by towel gourd, pumpkin, bitter gourd and gourd are more resistant. The blight of bamboo shoots and melons can occur in the whole growth period of melons. Taking cucumber as an example, the disease before the seedling is unearthed can cause rotten seeds and buds; Infected at the seedling stage, dark green and amorphous lesions like scalding by hot water can appear at the stem base and growth point, and the diseased parts will soon become dark brown and soft, and gradually shrink, causing the seedlings to die; In the adult stage, it is more common to infect the stem base, tender stem nodes and heart, and also produce dark green to dark grayish brown moist lesions, which become soft and shrink, and the vines or growing points above the lesions gradually wilt and die. The diseased leaves often produce round or irregular, dark grayish brown moist lesions at the leaf edge, which can reach 2-3 cm in diameter. The petiole disease can make the leaves wither. Melons and fruits often get sick first at the pedicles, resulting in dark brown moist concave lesions. If several lesions are connected, melons will become soft and rotten, and white sparse mold layers and hyphae will grow at each infected part when the weather is wet. Sunsquash (Figure 9)

Phytophthora blight overwinters in soil with oospores and chlamydospores, or in diseased residues with mycelium. Oospores can survive in soil for more than 5 years. The overwintering bacteria are transmitted by irrigation water or soil cultivation for primary infection. Seeds can also carry bacteria, which is the source of long-distance spread of diseases. After the initial infection, a large number of new sporangia are produced, which are spread by airflow, wind and rain splashing or ditch water. Sporangium germination can be reinfected frequently in the presence of water droplets, high humidity and high temperature. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to control diseases by strengthening cultivation management and selecting disease-resistant varieties, combined with timely spraying. (1) Rotation. Avoid continuous cropping or adjacent cropping of melons, and the rotation of rice in the old vegetable area for more than 1 year can reduce the source of bacteria in soil and ditch water. ⑵ Deep furrow and high ridge planting. Before planting, remove the diseased bodies, turn over the soil, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, and level the border surface to ensure smooth drainage. ⑶ Strengthen field management. When the early diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out immediately, and a small amount of lime should be sprinkled on the diseased points to prevent the spread of bacteria. Sunmelon flower

When the conditions are suitable, the epidemic disease spreads quickly in the field, and the disease should be controlled by spraying drugs immediately at the initial stage of the disease. Carbendazim belongs to benzimidazole fungicides, its main mechanism of action is to interfere with the formation of spindle during mitosis, thus affecting cell division. It has protective and therapeutic effects, and can prevent and control many crop diseases. It is effective for many ascomycetes and fungi, but ineffective for diseases caused by oomycetes and bacteria. The pathogen of melon blight is Phytophthora melonis, which belongs to the genus Phytophthora, the subclass of Verticillium, so carbendazim has no effect. At present, the registered pesticides for the prevention and control of cucumber and other melon diseases mainly include Pulik (722g/L propamocarb water solution), Jinlei (68% metalaxyl-m mancozeb water dispersible granules), etc. In addition, you can also choose Baolian (10% polyoxin wettable powder) 800- 1000 times solution, fosfomite, antivirus alum.

Edit this classic food

Fried shredded chicken with bamboo shoots and melons

All kinds of pumpkin food (17 pieces) Ingredients: chicken150g, pumpkin-200g, leek flower10g, red pepper1piece, garlic-5 pieces, starch and appropriate seasoning: cooking oil-30g. Kloc-0//2 spoon method 1. Peel and remove seeds from bamboo shoots, shred chicken, cut chives, shred red peppers and mince garlic; Add a little salt, monosodium glutamate, cooking wine and wet starch to the shredded chicken for pickling; 2. Put oil in the pot, heat it, add shredded chicken, stir-fry until it is 80% ripe; 3. Add oil to the pot, heat it, add garlic, shredded bamboo shoots, chives and shredded red pepper, stir fry, add salt, monosodium glutamate and sugar, add shredded chicken, stir fry evenly, thicken it with water starch, and pour the heated chicken oil on it. Don't stir-fry shredded chicken for too long, or it won't be tender.

Braised bamboo shoots and melons with dried seaweed

Raw materials: 500g of zucchini, 25g of dried shrimp, 8g of sesame oil, 3g of soy sauce 1 5g, 3g of salt, 0g of monosodium glutamate10g of white sugar10g of cooking wine, 5g of scallion15g of garlic (white skin)/kloc-. Features: ruddy color, fresh and delicious. Operation: 1. Wash the pumpkin, remove the pulp and cut into diamond-shaped pieces; 2. Put the wok on fire, add peanut oil and heat it to 70%; 3. Add the bamboo shoots and melon pieces and fry them slightly, then remove and drain the oil; 4. Leave 30 grams of bottom oil in the original pot, heat it, and stir-fry the onion and garlic slightly; 5. Add the bamboo shoots and melons, cook the cooking wine and soy sauce, add dried seaweed, white sugar, refined salt and water100g, and stew until the soup is exhausted; 6. Add monosodium glutamate, thicken with water starch, pour in sesame oil, and serve in a plate.

Baked cucumber and tomato

Ingredients: an Italian squash, a tomato, a tablespoon of minced garlic, salt and pepper, and 30 grams of olive oil. Practice: Cut the bamboo shoots and tomatoes into circular slices with a thickness of 0.5 cm. Staggered bamboo shoots and tomato slices in a greased circular baking pan, sprinkled with minced garlic, salt and pepper, and then drenched with olive oil. Bake in an oven preheated to 200 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes.

Sauté ed bamboo shoots with braised beef.

Raw materials: bamboo shoots, braised beef, seasonings, etc. Practice: 1, buy braised beef slices in the supermarket; 2. Wash and slice the bamboo shoots; 3, the pot is hot, add oil, and saute ginger and garlic; 4. Stir-fry the braised beef first, and then pour the bamboo shoots and melons; 5, add a small amount of soy sauce, pepper, Chili sauce, stir fry evenly. Get out of the pot.

Hot and sour pumpkin soup

Name of the dish: Sour and Hot Sunflower Soup Technology: Cooking taste: Sour and Hot taste category: heatstroke prevention, spleen strengthening, appetizing, weight loss, summer health care and home cooking Ingredients: pumpkin 400g seasoning: ginger 1 0g garlic10g green onion1 0 g of white sugar 30 g of vinegar 40 g of monosodium glutamate 5 g of sesame oil 25 g of soy sauce 20 g of Chili oil 10 g of each appropriate amount of production technology: 1. Wash and peel the bamboo shoots, dig out the flesh after cutting, then cut them into 4 pieces and cut them into 2 mm thick slices; 2. code a little salt on the washed bamboo shoots and melons, marinate for 5 minutes, squeeze out the water, and put them into the soup basin for later use; 3. Set the pot on fire and boil the soup; 4. Cook ginger and garlic slices in the pot, add soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, sesame oil, salt and pepper to boil, and beat off the foam; 5. Put the chopped green onion into the pot, sprinkle monosodium glutamate on the melon slices, and slowly pour the slightly opened soup into the bamboo shoot and melon soup pot. Process tip: 1. Sunsquash is also called Indian pumpkin; Has the function of reducing weight and fat. 2. Choose fresh and tender bamboo shoots to make. Ginger and garlic can be removed and not put into the soup basin. Trial method: breakfast | Chinese food | dinner recipe nutrition: Pumpkin is rich in trace elements cobalt and pectin, and the content of cobalt is incomparable with any other vegetables. It is a necessary trace element for islet cells to synthesize insulin, and eating pumpkin often helps to prevent and treat diabetes. Pectin can delay the absorption of sugar and lipid in intestine. Secondly, the content of vitamin A in pumpkin is better than that in green vegetables. Eating pumpkin can prevent hypertension and some diseases of liver and kidney. Therefore, pumpkin has many functions, such as detoxicating, protecting gastric mucosa, helping digestion, preventing and treating diabetes, lowering blood sugar, eliminating carcinogens, and promoting growth and development. Recipes are similar: pumpkin should not be eaten with mutton and shrimp; Eating with crabs, eels and hairtail is easy to be poisoned; Eating with venison can lead to death; Pumpkins should not be eaten with foods rich in vitamin C.

Edit the prevention and control technology of epidemic disease in this section

Phytophthora blight is a very important disease in melon production, which occurs in vegetable areas all over China. The losses caused by epidemic years are as light as 15-30%, and as serious as 40-50%, even destroying the seeds. The resistance of different melon species or varieties of the same species to Phytophthora blight is very different. Generally, cucumber, Cucurbita pepo and wax gourd are more susceptible, followed by towel gourd, pumpkin, bitter gourd and gourd are more resistant. winter squash

Phytophthora blight can occur in the whole growth period of melons. Taking cucumber as an example, the disease before the seedling is unearthed can cause rotten seeds and buds; Infected at the seedling stage, dark green and amorphous lesions like scalding by hot water can appear at the stem base and growth point, and the diseased parts will soon become dark brown and soft, and gradually shrink, causing the seedlings to die; In the adult stage, it is more common to infect the stem base, tender stem nodes and heart, and also produce dark green to dark grayish brown moist lesions, which become soft and shrink, and the vines or growing points above the lesions gradually wilt and die. The diseased leaves often produce round or irregular, dark grayish brown moist lesions at the leaf edge, which can reach 2-3 cm in diameter. The petiole disease can make the leaves wither. Melons and fruits often get sick first at the pedicles, resulting in dark brown moist concave lesions. If several lesions are connected, melons will become soft and rotten, and white sparse mold layers and hyphae will grow at each infected part when the weather is wet. Phytophthora blight overwinters in soil with oospores and chlamydospores, or in diseased residues with mycelium. Oospores can survive in soil for more than 5 years. The overwintering bacteria are transmitted by irrigation water or soil cultivation for primary infection. Seeds can also carry bacteria, which is the source of long-distance spread of diseases. After the initial infection, a large number of new sporangia are produced, which are spread by airflow, wind and rain splashing or ditch water. Sporangium germination can be reinfected frequently in the presence of water droplets, high humidity and high temperature. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to control diseases by strengthening cultivation management and selecting disease-resistant varieties, combined with timely spraying. (1) Rotation. Avoid melons with bamboo shoots and melons.

Cropping or adjacent cropping, the rotation of rice in the old vegetable area 1 year or more can reduce the source of bacteria in soil and ditch water. ⑵ Deep furrow and high ridge planting. Before planting, remove the diseased bodies, turn over the soil, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, and level the border surface to ensure smooth drainage. ⑶ Strengthen field management. When the early diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out immediately, and a small amount of lime should be sprinkled on the diseased points to prevent the spread of bacteria. When the conditions are suitable, the epidemic disease spreads quickly in the field, and the disease should be controlled by spraying drugs immediately at the initial stage of the disease. Carbendazim belongs to benzimidazole fungicides, its main mechanism of action is to interfere with the formation of spindle during mitosis, thus affecting cell division. It has protective and therapeutic effects, and can prevent and control many crop diseases. It is effective for many ascomycetes and fungi, but ineffective for diseases caused by oomycetes and bacteria. The pathogen of melon blight is Phytophthora melonis, which belongs to the genus Phytophthora, the subclass of Verticillium, so carbendazim has no effect. At present, the registered pesticides for the prevention and control of cucumber and other melon diseases mainly include Pulik (722g/L propamocarb water solution), Jinlei (68% metalaxyl-m mancozeb water dispersible granules), etc. In addition, you can also choose Baolian (10% polyoxin wettable powder) 800- 1000 times solution, fosfomite, antivirus alum.